# ورقة عمل واحدة بعشرة تقاليد مدرسية

> تمارين :::exercise السبعة نفسها بعشر لغات، وكل طبعة مطبوعة بنمط تمارين يتبع طريقة الكتب المدرسية في بلدها.

- نسخة HTML: https://postext.dev/ar/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet
- وصفة رقم 169 · الكتب المدرسية · المستوى 2 (متوسط) · المخرجات: Canvas, PDF
- الأنواع: كتب التمارين والتدريبات, الكتب المدرسية
- تتطلب postext ≥ 1.59.0, postext-pdf ≥ 1.59.0 · اختُبرت مع 1.59.0, postext-pdf 1.59.0 بتاريخ 2026-10-24
- الصفحات: [١](https://postext.dev/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet/ar/p01.webp?v=e5a17811), [٢](https://postext.dev/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet/ar/p02.webp?v=e5a17811)
- PDF: https://postext.dev/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet/ar/school-traditions-worksheet.pdf?v=e5a17811
- افتح في Sandbox: https://postext.dev/ar/sandbox#recipe=school-traditions-worksheet&lang=ar (.postext: https://postext.dev/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet/ar/school-traditions-worksheet.postext)
- آخر تحديث: 2026-10-24
- لغات أخرى: [en](https://postext.dev/en/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet.md), [es](https://postext.dev/es/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet.md), [ca](https://postext.dev/ca/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet.md), [de](https://postext.dev/de/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet.md), [fr](https://postext.dev/fr/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet.md), [it](https://postext.dev/it/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet.md), [pt](https://postext.dev/pt/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet.md), [zh](https://postext.dev/zh/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet.md), [ja](https://postext.dev/ja/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet.md)

## باختصار

ورقة عمل في العلوم والرياضيات من صفحتين عن دورة الماء، صُنعت عشر مرات. الأسئلة واحدة، أما الأرقام وخانات الإجابة وأسطر الكتابة والقسمة المطوّلة فتبدو كما تطبعها الكتب المدرسية في كل بلد.

## ما الذي ستنضده

ورقة العمل رقم 7 من مقرر العلوم والرياضيات للصف الرابع، «دورة الماء»، في عشر طبعات. الأسئلة واحدة في كل اللغات: اختر الإجابة الصحيحة، وضع صح أو خطأ، وأكمل الفراغات من بنك الكلمات، وصِل كل كلمة بمعناها، وضع دائرة حول كلمة، واقسم ماء الخزان، واشرح لماذا نوفّره. وكل طبعة تطبعها كما تطبعها مدارس بلدها. تضع الورقتان الإسبانية والكتالونية الرقم في دائرة، وتطلبان وضع علامة على V أو F، وتقسمان والمقسوم عليه في زاوية على شكل L يمين المقسوم. وتستعمل الفرنسية المربعات و*cases à cocher* وفراغات منقّطة وورق Seyès للإجابة. وتكتب الألمانية *R* و*F* و*Lückentext* و`864 : 4 =` على سطر واحد، والضرب فيها بنقطة. وتطلب البرازيلية V أو F بين قوسين. وتقسم الإنجليزية تحت علامة ⟌. وترقّم الصينية أقسامها 一、二、، وتضع （　） بعد كل سؤال مع A. B. C. في صف واحد، وتطلب √ أو ×، وتنتهي بـ 看拼音，写词语 في مربعات 田字格. وتعرض اليابانية ア イ ウ و○ ×، وتجري العربية من اليمين إلى اليسار مع أ ب ج وصح أو خطأ.

**تجيب هذه الوصفة عن:**

- كيف أنضّد ورقة العمل نفسها كما تنضّد الكتب المدرسية في كل بلد تمارينها؟
- كيف أصفّ القسمة الطويلة كما تكتبها مدارس كل بلد؟
- كيف أصفّ أسئلة اختبار صينية: قوسان （　） بعد السؤال والخيارات A. B. C. D. في صف؟

## الجواب المختصر

```js
// script.js, سطرًا 36–69
// The Markdown of every edition has the same seven exercises. What changes is this table:
// how the number prints, how options are labelled and answered, how true/false reads, where
// a blank is written, the paper of the open answer and the layout of long division.
const disc = { shape: 'disc' };
const square = { shape: 'square' };
const bare = { shape: 'none', suffix: '.' };
const TRADITIONS = {
  es: { number: disc, options: { marker: 'none' }, trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'line' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'potence' } },
  fr: { number: square, options: { marker: 'box' }, trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'dots' }, area: { kind: 'seyes', spacing: mm(8) },
    arithmetic: { division: 'potence' } },
  de: { number: square, options: { marker: 'box' }, trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'line' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'inline' } },
  it: { number: { shape: 'rounded' }, options: { marker: 'box' }, trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'dots' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'potence' } },
  pt: { number: bare, options: { marker: 'none' }, trueFalse: { look: 'bracket' },
    blank: { look: 'line' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'potence' } },
  en: { number: bare, options: { marker: 'none' }, trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'line' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'bracket' } },
  // 一、二、 sections; （　） after the stem and A. B. C. in a row; √ × in a bracket; 田字格.
  zh: { number: { shape: 'none', format: 'simp-chinese-informal', suffix: '、' },
    options: { labels: 'alpha-upper', suffix: '.', layout: 'row', bracket: true },
    trueFalse: { look: 'bracket' }, blank: { look: 'line' },
    area: { kind: 'tianzige', spacing: mm(13), lines: 1 }, arithmetic: { division: 'bracket' } },
  // ア イ ウ in a row with （　）, ○ × in a bracket, the number in a square.
  ja: { number: square, options: { labels: 'katakana', suffix: '', layout: 'row', bracket: true },
    trueFalse: { look: 'bracket' }, blank: { look: 'line' }, area: { kind: 'lines' },
    arithmetic: { division: 'bracket' } },
  ar: { number: disc, options: { marker: 'none', prefix: '(', suffix: ')' },
    trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'dots' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'bracket' } },
};
TRADITIONS.ca = TRADITIONS.es; // Catalan schools set exercises as Spanish ones do
```

## المكونات

**تعلّم**

- [أنماط التمارين](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/exercises.md#أنماط-التمارين): exerciseStyles: كيف تُطبع فئة من التمارين: الرقم (دائرة، مربع، عنوان)، والتعليمة، وحروف الخيارات، والفراغات، ومربعات الصواب والخطأ، ونقاط التوصيل، وبنك الكلمات، ومساحات الكتابة، والشبكات، وأيقونات النشاط، ومستوى الصعوبة.
- [العمليات العمودية](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/exercises.md#العمليات-العمودية): العمليات العمودية (+ − ×) بخانة لكل رقم، والقسمة الطويلة كما تكتبها مدارس كل لغة: القوس ⟌ أو طريقة الزاوية أو 864 : 4 = على سطر.
- [الاختيار والصواب والخطأ](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/exercises.md#الاختيار-من-متعدد-وصح-أو-خطأ): الاختيار من متعدد من قائمة مهام (- [x] صحيح، - [ ] خطأ)، بحروف a) b) c) أو A. B. C. أو ア イ ウ أو أ ب ج ومربع أو دائرة أو قوسين للإجابة؛ وعبارات الصواب والخطأ بعلامات اللغة.

**تستخدم أيضًا**

- [التمارين](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/exercises.md#التمارين)
- [الفراغات وبنوك الكلمات](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/exercises.md#ملء-الفراغات-وبنك-الكلمات)
- [التوصيل والتصنيف](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/exercises.md#التوصيل-والتصنيف)
- [الأسئلة المفتوحة ومساحات الكتابة](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/exercises.md#الأسئلة-المفتوحة-ومساحات-الكتابة)
- [صفحات افتتاح مصمَّمة](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/configuration-headings.md#الامتداد-والتصميم-المتقدم)
- [سمات العنوان](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/document-format.md#سمات-العناوين)
- [لوحة ألوان دلالية](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/configuration-fonts-colors-viewers.md#لوحة-الألوان)
- [الخطوط الصينية واليابانية والكورية](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#خطوط-الصينية-واليابانية-والكورية)
- [الخطوط العربية](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/arabic-layout.md#الخطوط)
- [كتب مجلّدة من اليمين](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/configuration-page-layout.md#التجليد)
- [النص من اليمين إلى اليسار](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/arabic-layout.md#الاتجاه-وخوارزمية-النص-ثنائي-الاتجاه)
- [تقسيم الكلمات ولغة المستند](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/justification.md#اللغات-المدعومة)
- [صفحات على اللوحة (Canvas)](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/configuration-programmatic-usage.md#رسم-صفحة-في-صورة-نقطية)
- [التصدير إلى PDF](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#توليد-ملفات-pdf)
- [أشكال الأرقام في الأعداد المولَّدة](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/configuration-language.md#لغة-المستند)
- [الحلول](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/exercises.md#الحلول)
- [أنماط الفقرات](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/configuration-styles.md#أنماط-الفقرات)
- [الخطوط المضمَّنة في PDF](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#لماذا-مزوّد-الخطوط)

**الإعدادات في لمحة**

- [`bodyText`](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/configuration-text.md#نص-المتن), [`colorPalette`](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/configuration-fonts-colors-viewers.md#لوحة-الألوان), `exerciseStyles`, [`footer`](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/configuration-headers-footers.md#الترويسات-والتذييلات), [`header`](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/configuration-headers-footers.md#الترويسات-والتذييلات), [`headings`](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/configuration-headings.md#العناوين), [`layout`](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/configuration-page-layout.md#التخطيط), [`locale`](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/configuration-language.md#تقسيم-الكلمات-بالواصلة), [`orderedLists`](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/configuration-lists-math.md#القوائم-المرقّمة), [`page`](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/configuration-page-layout.md#الصفحة), [`paragraphStyles`](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/configuration-styles.md#أنماط-الفقرات)

**واجهات API**

- [`buildDocument`](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/configuration-programmatic-usage.md#بناء-مستند), [`decompressWoff2`](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#مزوّد-الخطوط-في-المتصفح-fontsource--woff2), [`renderPageToCanvas`](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/configuration-programmatic-usage.md#رسم-صفحة-في-صورة-نقطية), [`renderToPdf`](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#توليد-ملفات-pdf), [`withLoadedFonts`](https://postext.dev/ar/docs/configuration-programmatic-usage.md#تحميل-الخطوط-قبل-الإخراج)

**الخطوط**

- Nunito (OFL-1.1), Baloo 2 (OFL-1.1), Noto Serif SC (OFL-1.1), Noto Sans SC (OFL-1.1), Klee One (OFL-1.1), Noto Sans JP (OFL-1.1), Noto Naskh Arabic (OFL-1.1), Baloo Bhaijaan 2 (OFL-1.1)

## طريقة التحضير

### 1 · ضع كل تقليد في جدول

```js
// script.js, سطرًا 36–69
// The Markdown of every edition has the same seven exercises. What changes is this table:
// how the number prints, how options are labelled and answered, how true/false reads, where
// a blank is written, the paper of the open answer and the layout of long division.
const disc = { shape: 'disc' };
const square = { shape: 'square' };
const bare = { shape: 'none', suffix: '.' };
const TRADITIONS = {
  es: { number: disc, options: { marker: 'none' }, trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'line' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'potence' } },
  fr: { number: square, options: { marker: 'box' }, trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'dots' }, area: { kind: 'seyes', spacing: mm(8) },
    arithmetic: { division: 'potence' } },
  de: { number: square, options: { marker: 'box' }, trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'line' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'inline' } },
  it: { number: { shape: 'rounded' }, options: { marker: 'box' }, trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'dots' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'potence' } },
  pt: { number: bare, options: { marker: 'none' }, trueFalse: { look: 'bracket' },
    blank: { look: 'line' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'potence' } },
  en: { number: bare, options: { marker: 'none' }, trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'line' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'bracket' } },
  // 一、二、 sections; （　） after the stem and A. B. C. in a row; √ × in a bracket; 田字格.
  zh: { number: { shape: 'none', format: 'simp-chinese-informal', suffix: '、' },
    options: { labels: 'alpha-upper', suffix: '.', layout: 'row', bracket: true },
    trueFalse: { look: 'bracket' }, blank: { look: 'line' },
    area: { kind: 'tianzige', spacing: mm(13), lines: 1 }, arithmetic: { division: 'bracket' } },
  // ア イ ウ in a row with （　）, ○ × in a bracket, the number in a square.
  ja: { number: square, options: { labels: 'katakana', suffix: '', layout: 'row', bracket: true },
    trueFalse: { look: 'bracket' }, blank: { look: 'line' }, area: { kind: 'lines' },
    arithmetic: { division: 'bracket' } },
  ar: { number: disc, options: { marker: 'none', prefix: '(', suffix: ')' },
    trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'dots' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'bracket' } },
};
TRADITIONS.ca = TRADITIONS.es; // Catalan schools set exercises as Spanish ones do
```

للطبعات كلها Markdown واحد: سبع كتل `:::exercise` إجاباتها في النص (`- [x]`، `[[بخار]]`، `- التبخّر -> يتحوّل الماء إلى بخار`، `- ٨٦٤ ÷ ٤`). ما تختلف فيه كتب بلد عن كتب بلد آخر هو الشكل، لذلك يسكن هذا الجدول ولا يسكن غيره: هيئة الرقم وأرقامه، وحروف الخيارات وهل يضع التلميذ علامة في خانة أم دائرة حول حرف، وهيئة الصح والخطأ، وهيئة الفراغات، ومساحة الكتابة، وترتيب القسمة المطوّلة. وتأخذ الكتالونية صف الإسبانية كما هو.

### 2 · ضع التقليد فوق نمط الدار

```js
// script.js, سطرًا 73–87
const T = TRADITIONS[LANG];
const ficha = {
  id: 'ficha', ...T,
  number: { background: col('accent'), color: T.number.shape === 'none' ? col('accent')
    : col('paper'), fontFamily: LABEL, fontWeight: 700, ...T.number },
  // Chinese and Japanese sheets set the instructions in the gothic (黑体, ゴシック).
  instruction: { bold: true, color: col('ink'), ...(LANG === 'zh' || LANG === 'ja'
    ? { fontFamily: LABEL } : {}) },
  blank: { color: col('ink'), weight: pt(0.7), ...T.blank },
  match: { look: 'dots', gap: em(5), color: col('accent') },
  bank: { order: 'alpha' },
  area: { color: col('rule'), spacing: mm(9), weight: pt(0.6), ...T.area },
  grid: { cell: mm(8.5), fontFamily: TEXT, rule: col('rule'), color: col('ink') },
  marginTop: mm(7), marginBottom: mm(1), itemSpacing: em(0.4),
};
```

نمط تمارين واحد، `ficha`، يحمل ما تشترك فيه الأوراق العشر (زرقة الأرقام، والخطوط الرمادية، والمسافة بين التمارين)، ثم يُبسط فوقه صف الطبعة. وما لا يذكره الصف تأتي به اللغة: T F وV F وR F و√ × و○ × وصح خطأ كلمات من المحرّك نفسه، مثلها مثل a) b) c) وA. B. C. وア イ ウ وأ ب ج، فلا تكتبها أي طبعة.

### 3 · أعطِ كل كتابة خطوطها

```js
// script.js, سطرًا 27–32
const FACES = {
  zh: { text: 'Noto Serif SC', label: 'Noto Sans SC' },
  ja: { text: 'Klee One', label: 'Noto Sans JP' },
  ar: { text: 'Noto Naskh Arabic', label: 'Baloo Bhaijaan 2' },
}[LANG] ?? { text: 'Nunito', label: 'Baloo 2' };
const [TEXT, LABEL] = [FACES.text, FACES.label];
```

تشترك الطبعات اللاتينية في Nunito وBaloo 2. وتنضّد الورقة الصينية نصها بخط Song وتعليماتها بخط Hei؛ واليابانية نصها بخط Klee One، وهو خط كتب مدرسية، وتعليماتها بخط غير مذيّل (gothic)؛ وتستعمل العربية Noto Naskh Arabic. أثقل أوزان Klee One هو 600، لذلك تضبط الطبعة اليابانية خطها العريض على 600 (`boldFontWeight`)؛ فالوزن 700 يرسمه المتصفح، ويفشل الالتقاط.

### 4 · افتح الورقة بأسطر للاسم

```js
// script.js, سطرًا 91–110
const at = (to, edge, x = 0, y = 0, size) => ({ anchor: { to, edge },
  offset: { x: mm(x), y: mm(y) }, ...(size && { size }) });
const field = (id, attr, x, width) => [
  { kind: 'text', id, content: `{attr.${attr}}`, fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(10),
    fontWeight: 700, color: col('muted'), align: 'left', placement: at('container', 'top-left',
      x, 28) },
  { kind: 'rule', id: `${id}-line`, direction: 'horizontal', thickness: pt(0.75),
    color: col('rule'), placement: at('container', 'top-left', x + 16, 33, { width: mm(width) }) },
];
const head = { enabled: true, minHeight: mm(38), slot: { elements: [
  { kind: 'box', id: 'band', style: { backgroundColor: col('accent'), borderRadius: mm(3) },
    placement: at('container', 'top-left', 0, 0, { width: 'fill', height: mm(21) }) },
  { kind: 'text', id: 'kicker', content: '{title} · {subtitle}', fontFamily: LABEL,
    fontSize: pt(8.5), fontWeight: 700, color: col('tint'), align: 'left',
    placement: at('container', 'top-left', 6, 3.5) },
  { kind: 'text', id: 'title', content: '{titleText}', fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(22),
    fontWeight: 700, color: col('paper'), align: 'left', lineHeight: 1.1,
    placement: at('container', 'top-left', 6, 9.5) },
  ...field('name', 'nombre', 0, 96), ...field('date', 'fecha', 120, 40),
] } };
```

يرسم عنوان المستوى الأول الشريط، واسم المقرر المأخوذ من الـfrontmatter، والعنوان، وحقلين لكل منهما سطر تأتي كلماتهما من سمات العنوان (`nombre="الاسم" fecha="التاريخ"`)، فتقول الورقة الألمانية *Datum* واليابانية 名前 دون سلسلة نصية واحدة في الشيفرة.

## الوصفة كاملة

ملف واحد، مركّب من مجلد الوصفة ومعه نص المثال وأدوات دليل الوصفات المشتركة مضمّنة؛ وهو ينشئ صفحته بنفسه. لتشغيله، ضعه داخل `<script type="module">` في صفحة فارغة أو الصقه في لوحة JS في مثال CodePen جديد (وحدةً). يستورد postext من esm.sh، فلا حاجة إلى تثبيت أو بناء.

- مجلد الوصفة: https://github.com/drnachio/postext/tree/main/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet

### script.js

```js
// ═══ Postext Cookbook · Nº 169 · One worksheet in ten school traditions ═════════
// https://postext.dev/en/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet
// Code: MIT · Text: original (CC BY 4.0) · Pictures: none
// Fonts: Nunito, Baloo 2, Klee One, Noto Naskh Arabic and others (SIL OFL) · Needs postext ≥ 1.59.0
import {
  buildDocument, withLoadedFonts, renderPageToCanvas,
} from 'https://esm.sh/postext';
import { renderToPdf, decompressWoff2 } from 'https://esm.sh/postext-pdf';

const LANG = 'ar'; // @lang: the language of the worksheet (en es ca fr de it pt zh ja ar)
const RECIPE = 'school-traditions-worksheet';

// ─── 1 · Design ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// #region palette: a blue-black ink, one blue accent, a pale tint, grey rules
const palette = {
  ink: '#1d2633', accent: '#2a5d9f', tint: '#e8f0fa', rule: '#a9b6c6', muted: '#5d6878',
  paper: '#ffffff',
};
const col = (id) => ({ hex: palette[id], model: 'hex', paletteId: id });
const colorPalette = [
  ...Object.entries(palette).map(([id, hex]) => ({ id, name: id, value: { hex, model: 'hex' } })),
  { id: 'main-color', name: 'accent (defaults)', value: { hex: palette.accent, model: 'hex' } },
];
// #endregion

// #region faces: Latin editions share two faces; Chinese, Japanese and Arabic their own
const FACES = {
  zh: { text: 'Noto Serif SC', label: 'Noto Sans SC' },
  ja: { text: 'Klee One', label: 'Noto Sans JP' },
  ar: { text: 'Noto Naskh Arabic', label: 'Baloo Bhaijaan 2' },
}[LANG] ?? { text: 'Nunito', label: 'Baloo 2' };
const [TEXT, LABEL] = [FACES.text, FACES.label];
// #endregion

// #region answer: the form of the exercises, as each country's school books set them
// The Markdown of every edition has the same seven exercises. What changes is this table:
// how the number prints, how options are labelled and answered, how true/false reads, where
// a blank is written, the paper of the open answer and the layout of long division.
const disc = { shape: 'disc' };
const square = { shape: 'square' };
const bare = { shape: 'none', suffix: '.' };
const TRADITIONS = {
  es: { number: disc, options: { marker: 'none' }, trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'line' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'potence' } },
  fr: { number: square, options: { marker: 'box' }, trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'dots' }, area: { kind: 'seyes', spacing: mm(8) },
    arithmetic: { division: 'potence' } },
  de: { number: square, options: { marker: 'box' }, trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'line' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'inline' } },
  it: { number: { shape: 'rounded' }, options: { marker: 'box' }, trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'dots' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'potence' } },
  pt: { number: bare, options: { marker: 'none' }, trueFalse: { look: 'bracket' },
    blank: { look: 'line' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'potence' } },
  en: { number: bare, options: { marker: 'none' }, trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'line' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'bracket' } },
  // 一、二、 sections; （　） after the stem and A. B. C. in a row; √ × in a bracket; 田字格.
  zh: { number: { shape: 'none', format: 'simp-chinese-informal', suffix: '、' },
    options: { labels: 'alpha-upper', suffix: '.', layout: 'row', bracket: true },
    trueFalse: { look: 'bracket' }, blank: { look: 'line' },
    area: { kind: 'tianzige', spacing: mm(13), lines: 1 }, arithmetic: { division: 'bracket' } },
  // ア イ ウ in a row with （　）, ○ × in a bracket, the number in a square.
  ja: { number: square, options: { labels: 'katakana', suffix: '', layout: 'row', bracket: true },
    trueFalse: { look: 'bracket' }, blank: { look: 'line' }, area: { kind: 'lines' },
    arithmetic: { division: 'bracket' } },
  ar: { number: disc, options: { marker: 'none', prefix: '(', suffix: ')' },
    trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'dots' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'bracket' } },
};
TRADITIONS.ca = TRADITIONS.es; // Catalan schools set exercises as Spanish ones do
// #endregion

// #region style: the one exercise style, the edition's tradition over the house look
const T = TRADITIONS[LANG];
const ficha = {
  id: 'ficha', ...T,
  number: { background: col('accent'), color: T.number.shape === 'none' ? col('accent')
    : col('paper'), fontFamily: LABEL, fontWeight: 700, ...T.number },
  // Chinese and Japanese sheets set the instructions in the gothic (黑体, ゴシック).
  instruction: { bold: true, color: col('ink'), ...(LANG === 'zh' || LANG === 'ja'
    ? { fontFamily: LABEL } : {}) },
  blank: { color: col('ink'), weight: pt(0.7), ...T.blank },
  match: { look: 'dots', gap: em(5), color: col('accent') },
  bank: { order: 'alpha' },
  area: { color: col('rule'), spacing: mm(9), weight: pt(0.6), ...T.area },
  grid: { cell: mm(8.5), fontFamily: TEXT, rule: col('rule'), color: col('ink') },
  marginTop: mm(7), marginBottom: mm(1), itemSpacing: em(0.4),
};
// #endregion

// #region head: the worksheet's head, its title on a tinted band and the lines for a name
const at = (to, edge, x = 0, y = 0, size) => ({ anchor: { to, edge },
  offset: { x: mm(x), y: mm(y) }, ...(size && { size }) });
const field = (id, attr, x, width) => [
  { kind: 'text', id, content: `{attr.${attr}}`, fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(10),
    fontWeight: 700, color: col('muted'), align: 'left', placement: at('container', 'top-left',
      x, 28) },
  { kind: 'rule', id: `${id}-line`, direction: 'horizontal', thickness: pt(0.75),
    color: col('rule'), placement: at('container', 'top-left', x + 16, 33, { width: mm(width) }) },
];
const head = { enabled: true, minHeight: mm(38), slot: { elements: [
  { kind: 'box', id: 'band', style: { backgroundColor: col('accent'), borderRadius: mm(3) },
    placement: at('container', 'top-left', 0, 0, { width: 'fill', height: mm(21) }) },
  { kind: 'text', id: 'kicker', content: '{title} · {subtitle}', fontFamily: LABEL,
    fontSize: pt(8.5), fontWeight: 700, color: col('tint'), align: 'left',
    placement: at('container', 'top-left', 6, 3.5) },
  { kind: 'text', id: 'title', content: '{titleText}', fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(22),
    fontWeight: 700, color: col('paper'), align: 'left', lineHeight: 1.1,
    placement: at('container', 'top-left', 6, 9.5) },
  ...field('name', 'nombre', 0, 96), ...field('date', 'fecha', 120, 40),
] } };
// #endregion

const config = {
  locale: t({ en: 'en-gb', es: 'es', ca: 'ca', fr: 'fr', de: 'de', it: 'it', pt: 'pt-BR',
    zh: 'zh-Hans', ja: 'ja', ar: 'ar' }),
  colorPalette,
  page: { sizePreset: 'custom', width: mm(210), height: mm(297), dpi: 150,
    margins: { top: mm(18), bottom: mm(20), left: mm(18), right: mm(18), mirror: true } },
  layout: { layoutType: 'single' },
  bodyText: {
    fontFamily: TEXT, fontSize: pt(LANG === 'ar' ? 13.5 : 12), lineHeight: pt(LANG === 'ar'
      ? 22 : 18), color: col('ink'), boldColor: col('ink'), italicColor: col('ink'),
    referenceColor: col('ink'), textAlign: 'left', firstLineIndent: pt(0),
    boldFontWeight: LANG === 'ja' ? 600 : 700, // Klee One's heaviest cut is 600
    paragraphSpacing: false, hyphenation: { enabled: false }, optimalLineBreaking: true,
    avoidWidows: true, avoidOrphans: true, avoidRunts: true,
  },
  headings: { fontFamily: LABEL, color: col('ink'), fontWeight: 700, levels: [
    { level: 1, fontSize: pt(20), breakBefore: { parity: 'any' }, marginTop: pt(0),
      marginBottom: mm(1), advancedDesign: head },
  ] },
  exerciseStyles: [ficha],
  orderedLists: { fontFamily: LABEL, color: col('accent'), fontWeight: 700, marginTop: pt(0),
    marginBottom: pt(0) },
  paragraphStyles: [{ id: 'colophon', fontFamily: TEXT, fontSize: pt(7.5), lineHeight: pt(10),
    color: col('muted'), firstLineIndent: pt(0), marginTop: mm(6) }],
  header: { elements: [] },
  footer: { elements: [{ kind: 'text', id: 'folio', content: '{pageNumber}', fontFamily: LABEL,
    fontSize: pt(9), fontWeight: 700, color: col('accent'), align: 'center',
    placement: at('page', 'bottom', 0, -11) }] },
};

// ─── 2 · Content ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const markdown = String.raw`---
title: "العلوم والرياضيات · الصف الرابع"
subtitle: "ورقة عمل ٧"
---

# دورة الماء {nombre="الاسم" fecha="التاريخ"}

الماء على الأرض لا يتوقف عن الحركة. تُسخِّن الشمسُ البحرَ، فيصعد الماء إلى السماء ثم يعود فينزل مطرًا أو ثلجًا. يُسمّى هذا الانتقال الدائم دورة الماء.

:::exercise
ضع دائرة حول الإجابة الصحيحة.

1. الماء الذي يسقط من الغيوم يُسمّى
   - [ ] بخارًا
   - [x] مطرًا
   - [ ] ضبابًا
2. عندما تُسخِّن الشمس البحر، فإن الماء
   - [x] يتبخّر
   - [ ] يتجمّد
   - [ ] يغوص
:::

:::exercise{type="truefalse"}
اختر «صح» أو «خطأ» لكل عبارة.

- [x] تتكوّن الغيوم من قطرات ماء صغيرة جدًا.
- [ ] يذوب الجليد عندما يشتدّ البرد.
- [x] تُعيد الأنهار الماء إلى البحر.
- [ ] ماء المطر مالح لأنه يأتي من البحر.
:::

:::exercise{bank}
أكمل الفراغات بالكلمات المناسبة من الإطار.

::bank[جليد | رياح]

تُسخِّن الشمس [[البحر]]، فيتحوّل الماء إلى [[بخار]] ويصعد. وفي الأعلى يبرد ويكوّن [[الغيوم]]. ثم يسقط [[مطرًا]] أو ثلجًا.
:::

:::exercise
صِل كل كلمة بمعناها.

- التبخّر -> يتحوّل الماء إلى بخار
- التكاثف -> يتحوّل البخار إلى قطرات
- الهطول -> يسقط الماء من الغيوم
- التسرّب -> يتسرّب الماء إلى التربة
:::

:::exercise
ضع دائرة حول الكلمة الصحيحة.

1. الثلج ماء في الحالة [[السائلة | (الصلبة)]].
2. تجفّ البِرَك أسرع في الأيام [[(المشمسة) | الغائمة]].
3. معظم الماء على الأرض ماء [[عذب | (مالح)]].
:::

:::exercise{type="arithmetic"}
يتّسع خزّان المدرسة لـ ٨٦٤ لترًا من الماء، تتقاسمها أربعة فصول بالتساوي. كم لترًا يأخذ كل فصل؟ أجرِ القسمة ثم تحقّق من الناتج.

- ٨٦٤ ÷ ٤
- ٢١٦ × ٤
:::

:::exercise{type="open" lines="5"}
لماذا يجب أن نقتصد في استعمال الماء؟ اكتب سببين.

:::solution
لأن الماء العذب قليل، ولأن تنقيته وإيصاله إلى بيوتنا يحتاجان إلى طاقة.
:::
:::

:::paragraphs{style="colophon"}
النص بخط Noto Naskh Arabic والعناوين بخط Baloo Bhaijaan 2 (SIL OFL) · نص أصلي (CC BY 4.0)
:::
`; // content.<lang>.md, inlined by the Cookbook

// ─── 3 · Fonts ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const FONTS = {
  Nunito: ['400', '700'], 'Baloo 2': ['700'], // the Latin editions
  'Noto Serif SC': ['400', '700'], 'Noto Sans SC': ['700'], // 宋 for the text, 黑 for heads
  'Klee One': ['400', '600'], 'Noto Sans JP': ['600', '700'], // 教科書体 and a gothic
  'Noto Naskh Arabic': ['400', '700'], 'Baloo Bhaijaan 2': ['700'],
};

// ─── 4 · Build & show ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// The edition loads its own faces only.
for (const family of Object.keys(FONTS)) if (![TEXT, LABEL].includes(family)) delete FONTS[family];
await loadFonts(FONTS, markdown);
await loadCjkFonts(FONTS, markdown);
await loadArabicFonts(FONTS, markdown);
const doc = await withLoadedFonts(() => buildDocument({ markdown }, config),
  { ...kitFonts(FONTS), text: markdown });
showBook(doc, { title: t({ en: 'Worksheet', es: 'Ficha', ca: 'Fitxa', fr: 'Fiche',
  de: 'Arbeitsblatt', it: 'Scheda', pt: 'Ficha', zh: '练习单', ja: 'プリント', ar: 'ورقة عمل' }) });
offerPdf(() => renderToPdf(doc, { fontProvider: { zh: cjkPdfProvider, ja: cjkPdfProvider,
  ar: arabicPdfProvider }[LANG] ?? fontsourceProvider }), `${RECIPE}-${LANG}.pdf`);

// ─── Kit ── helpers shared by every Cookbook recipe · postext.dev/cookbook ─────

// ─── Kit · core v1 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
function mm(value) { return { value, unit: 'mm' }; }
function pt(value) { return { value, unit: 'pt' }; }
function em(value) { return { value, unit: 'em' }; }
/** The sample language's string: t({ en: 'Figure', es: 'Figura' }). */
function t(strings) { return strings[LANG] ?? Object.values(strings)[0]; }
/** A file in this recipe's assets folder, served from the Postext repo by jsDelivr. */
function asset(file) { return `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/drnachio/postext@main/cookbook/${RECIPE}/assets/${file}`; }

// ─── Kit · fonts v3 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
// Postext loads the faces a config asks for before layout and asks the kit
// for Fontsource's files, the ones the PDF embeds too.

/** buildDocumentWithFonts' options: the resolver, and FONTS' faces loaded
 *  with the config's. FONTS = { 'Family Name': ['400', '400i', '700'] }. */
function kitFonts(FONTS = {}) {
  const faces = Object.entries(FONTS).flatMap(([family, specs]) => specs.map((spec) =>
    ({ family, weight: parseInt(spec, 10), style: spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal' })));
  return { resolve: fontsourceResolver, faces };
}

/** A face's files with their ranges: latin, then latin-ext and greek when
 *  `text` needs them (kitSubsetsFor). Null for a face Fontsource lacks. */
async function fontsourceResolver(family, weight, style, { text = '' } = {}) {
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  if (meta && !(await fontsourceWeights(family, style)).includes(weight)) return null;
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  const at = await fontsourceAt(id);
  return ['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)].map((subset) => ({
    source: `${at}files/${id}-${subset}-${weight}-${style}.woff2`,
    unicodeRange: kitRanges()[subset],
  }));
}

/** Each file's unicode-range (a function: the kit runs after the pen's code). */
function kitRanges() {
  return {
    latin: 'U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,'
      + 'U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD',
    'latin-ext': 'U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,'
      + 'U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF',
    greek: 'U+0370-03FF',
  };
}

/** For the cjk, arabic and comics blocks: loads `faces` (as FONTS) for the
 *  sample `text`; `optional` skips a face Fontsource lacks. Files are added in
 *  the order asked, the last winning a shared character. Resolves to the count. */
async function loadFonts(faces, text = '', { optional = false } = {}) {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  const ranges = kitRanges();
  const jobs = [];
  for (const [family, specs] of Object.entries(faces)) {
    const id = fontsourceId(family);
    const todo = [...new Set(specs)].map((spec) => [parseInt(spec, 10), spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal'])
      .filter(([weight, style]) => !hasFace(family, weight, style)); // before any await
    const at = fontsourceAt(id);
    const meta = optional || /[^\0-ÿ]/u.test(text) ? await fontsourceMeta(family) : null;
    const subsets = ['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)];
    for (const [weight, style] of todo) {
      if (optional && !(meta && (await fontsourceWeights(family, style)).includes(weight))) continue;
      for (const subset of subsets) {
        const url = `${await at}files/${id}-${subset}-${weight}-${style}.woff2`;
        const face = new FontFace(family, `url(${url}) format('woff2')`,
          { weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: ranges[subset] });
        jobs.push(face.load().catch(() => {
          if (subset === 'latin' && !optional) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${weight} ${style}`);
        }));
      }
    }
  }
  const ready = await Promise.all(jobs).catch((error) => { kitFail(error); throw error; });
  return ready.filter((face) => face && document.fonts.add(face)).length;
}

/** A loaded FontFace covers this face (fonts.check() says yes to any family). */
function hasFace(family, weight, style) {
  for (const face of document.fonts) {
    if (face.status !== 'loaded' || face.style !== style) continue;
    if (face.family.replace(/^["']|["']$/g, '') !== family) continue;
    const [low, high = low] = face.weight.split(' ').map(Number);
    if (weight >= low && weight <= high) return true;
  }
  return false;
}

/** The files beyond latin `text` needs that `meta`'s family ships. */
function kitSubsetsFor(text, meta) {
  return [[/[Ā-˿ᴀ-ᶿḀ-ỿ†ℓⱠ-Ɀ꜠-ꟿ]/u, 'latin-ext'], [/[Ͱ-Ͽ]/u, 'greek']]
    .filter(([re, x]) => re.test(text) && meta?.subsets?.includes(x)).map(([, x]) => x);
}

/** Fontsource's id for a family: 'Source Serif 4' → 'source-serif-4'. */
function fontsourceId(family) { return family.toLowerCase().replace(/\s+/g, '-'); }

/** A package's folder at the one version @5 names now (#766). */
function fontsourceAt(id, u = `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fontsource/${id}@`) {
  return (fontsourceAt.c ??= {})[id] ??= fetch(u + '5/package.json').then((r) => r.json())
    .then((p) => p.version || 5, () => 5).then((v) => `${u}${v}/`);
}

/** The family's Fontsource metadata (weights, styles, subsets), or null. */
function fontsourceMeta(family, id = fontsourceId(family)) {
  return (fontsourceMeta.c ??= {})[id] ??= fetch(`https://api.fontsource.org/v1/fonts/${id}`)
    .then((res) => (res.ok ? res.json() : null), () => null);
}

/** The weights the package ships in `style`: the API pairs none (no Libre
 *  Caslon 700 italic file), so italics are read from latin-italic.css. */
function fontsourceWeights(family, style, id = fontsourceId(family)) {
  return (fontsourceWeights.c ??= {})[id + style] ??= fontsourceMeta(family).then(async (m) => {
    if (!m?.styles.includes(style)) return m ? [] : [400, 700];
    const css = style === 'italic' ? await fetch(`${await fontsourceAt(id)}latin-italic.css`).then((r) => (r.ok ? r.text() : ''), () => '') : '';
    const w = [...css.matchAll(/weight: (\d+)/g)].map((x) => +x[1]);
    return w.length ? w : m.weights;
  });
}

// ─── Kit · viewer v2 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
/** The pages as spreads on a dark desk, page 1 alone, then verso | recto,
 *  each painted when it scrolls near. Other options go to renderPageToCanvas. */
function showPages(docs, { title, width = 460, ...render } = {}) {
  const root = viewer(title);
  const pages = [docs].flat().flatMap((doc) =>
    doc.pages.map((page) => ({ doc, page, n: (doc.pageIndexOffset ?? 0) + page.index })));
  const spreads = [];
  let verso = null;
  for (const p of pages) {
    if (p.n % 2 === 1) { if (verso) spreads.push([verso, null]); verso = p; }
    else { spreads.push([verso, p]); verso = null; }
  }
  if (verso) spreads.push([verso, null]);
  const density = Math.min(window.devicePixelRatio || 1, 2);
  showPages.painter?.disconnect();
  const painter = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {
    for (const { isIntersecting, target } of entries) {
      if (!isIntersecting) continue;
      painter.unobserve(target);
      const { doc, page } = target.postext;
      renderPageToCanvas(page, doc, target, { ...render, scale: (width * density) / page.width });
    }
  }, { rootMargin: '800px' });
  showPages.painter = painter;
  root.replaceChildren(...spreads.map((pair) => {
    const spread = document.createElement('div');
    spread.className = 'pt-spread';
    for (const p of pair) {
      const figure = document.createElement('figure');
      if (p) {
        const label = p.page.pageLabel || String(p.n + 1);
        const canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
        canvas.postext = p;
        canvas.style.aspectRatio = `${p.page.width} / ${p.page.height}`;
        canvas.setAttribute('role', 'img');
        canvas.setAttribute('aria-label', `Page ${label}`);
        const folio = document.createElement('figcaption');
        folio.textContent = label;
        figure.append(canvas, folio);
        painter.observe(canvas);
      } else figure.className = 'pt-blank';
      spread.append(figure);
    }
    return spread;
  }));
  kitStatus(`${pages.length} ${pages.length === 1 ? 'page' : 'pages'}`);
  document.documentElement.dataset.postext = 'ready';
  return pages.length;
}

/** The desk, the bar and the error reporting, created once. */
function viewer(title) {
  if (!document.getElementById('pt-kit')) {
    document.head.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', `<style id="pt-kit">
      :root { color-scheme: dark; }
      body { margin: 0; background: #0e1014; color: #b9bcc4; font: 13px/1.45 system-ui, sans-serif; }
      #pt-bar { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 1; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center;
        gap: 6px 16px; padding: 10px 16px; background: rgb(14 16 20 / .92); backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
        border-bottom: 1px solid #23262d; }
      #pt-bar strong { color: #f4f1ea; font-weight: 600; }
      #pt-actions { display: flex; gap: 12px; margin-left: auto; }
      #pt-actions a, #pt-actions button { color: #d8a21a; font: inherit; background: none; border: 0; padding: 0; cursor: pointer; }
      #pages { display: grid; justify-items: center; gap: 48px; padding: 32px 16px 72px; }
      .pt-spread { display: flex; }
      .pt-spread figure { margin: 0; width: min(460px, 44vw); }
      .pt-spread canvas { display: block; width: 100%; background: #fff;
        box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
      .pt-spread figure:first-child canvas { box-shadow: inset -14px 0 14px -14px rgb(0 0 0 / .18), 0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
      .pt-spread figcaption { margin-top: 10px; text-align: center; font: 600 10px/1 system-ui, sans-serif;
        letter-spacing: .18em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #6c7079; }
      .pt-blank { visibility: hidden; }
      @media (max-width: 760px) {
        .pt-spread { flex-direction: column; gap: 32px; }
        .pt-spread figure { width: min(460px, 92vw); }
        .pt-blank { display: none; }
      }
    </style>`);
    document.body.insertAdjacentHTML('afterbegin',
      '<header id="pt-bar"><strong id="pt-title"></strong><span id="pt-status" role="status"></span><span id="pt-actions"></span></header>');
    document.getElementById('pt-title').textContent = document.title || 'Postext';
    addEventListener('error', (event) => kitFail(event.error ?? event.message));
    addEventListener('unhandledrejection', (event) => kitFail(event.reason));
  }
  if (title) document.getElementById('pt-title').textContent = title;
  return document.getElementById('pages')
    ?? document.body.appendChild(Object.assign(document.createElement('main'), { id: 'pages' }));
}

function kitStatus(text) {
  viewer();
  document.getElementById('pt-status').textContent = text;
}

function kitFail(error) {
  document.documentElement.dataset.postext = 'error';
  kitStatus(`Error: ${error?.message ?? error}`);
}

// ─── Kit · pdf v3 ── the same in every recipe that exports a PDF
/** The Fontsource files the screen used, as TrueType, with their range and
 *  place: the nearest weight the family ships in that style, upright with no italic;
 *  latin, then what its letters need (kitSubsetsFor). */
async function fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style, request) {
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const s = style === 'italic' && meta && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const shipped = meta ? await fontsourceWeights(family, s) : [];
  const weights = shipped.length ? shipped : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const text = String.fromCodePoint(...(request?.codePoints ?? []));
  const files = await Promise.all(['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)].map(async (subset, order) => {
    const res = await fetch(`${await fontsourceAt(id)}files/${id}-${subset}-${w}-${s}.woff2`);
    if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${w} ${s} ${subset}`);
    return Object.assign(await decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer())),
      { unicodeRange: kitRanges()[subset], order });
  }));
  return files.length === 1 ? files[0] : files;
}

/** A "Build the PDF" button; then "Open the PDF" (a new tab: CodePen's frame
 *  shows no PDFs) and a download link. */
function offerPdf(makePdf, filename) {
  viewer();
  const button = Object.assign(document.createElement('button'), { type: 'button', textContent: 'Build the PDF' });
  button.dataset.postextPdf = filename;
  button.addEventListener('click', async () => {
    button.disabled = true;
    button.textContent = 'Building the PDF…';
    try {
      const bytes = await makePdf();
      const url = URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([bytes], { type: 'application/pdf' }));
      const size = `${Math.max(1, Math.round(bytes.length / 1024))} KB`;
      button.replaceWith(
        Object.assign(document.createElement('a'), { href: url, target: '_blank', rel: 'noopener', textContent: 'Open the PDF ↗' }),
        Object.assign(document.createElement('a'), { href: url, download: filename, textContent: `Download ${filename} · ${size}` }));
    } catch (error) {
      button.disabled = false;
      button.textContent = 'Build the PDF';
      kitFail(error);
    }
  });
  document.getElementById('pt-actions').append(button);
}

// ─── Kit · cjk v2 ── Chinese, Japanese and Korean books · postext.dev/cookbook
// Fontsource ships a CJK family as about a hundred files per weight, each
// declared in its stylesheet with the unicode-range it covers. The screen
// loads the files the sample touches; the PDF gets the same files for the
// characters its pages set in each face, and embeds each as a subset.
// A book bound on the right (vertical text) is shown with its spreads
// mirrored: page 1 alone on the left of the spine, then [3 | 2].

/** The files of a Fontsource face, read from its stylesheet: { url, range,
 *  ranges }, the last declared first (the order the browser tries them in). */
function cjkSlices(family, weight, style) {
  cjkSlices.cache ??= new Map();
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const css = `${id}/${weight}${style === 'italic' ? '-italic' : ''}.css`;
  if (!cjkSlices.cache.has(css)) {
    let at;
    cjkSlices.cache.set(css, fontsourceAt(id).then((a) => fetch(at = a + css.slice(id.length + 1)))
      .then((res) => {
        if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${weight} ${style} (${res.status})`);
        return res.text();
      })
      .then((text) => [...text.matchAll(/@font-face\s*{([^}]*)}/g)].map(([, rule]) => {
        const range = /unicode-range:\s*([^;]+);/.exec(rule)?.[1].trim() ?? 'U+0-10FFFF';
        const ranges = range.split(',').map((part) => {
          const [lo, hi = lo] = part.trim().slice(2).split('-');
          return [parseInt(lo, 16), parseInt(hi, 16)];
        });
        return { url: new URL(/url\(([^)]+?\.woff2)\)/.exec(rule)[1], at).href, range, ranges };
      }).reverse()));
  }
  return cjkSlices.cache.get(css);
}

/** The file of `slices` the screen sets code point `cp` in, if any: the
 *  last one loadCjkFonts adds whose range holds it. A numbered file that
 *  repeats a letter of latin is added after latin, and wins it. */
function cjkSliceFor(slices, cp) {
  const holds = (slice) => slice.ranges.some(([lo, hi]) => cp >= lo && cp <= hi);
  return slices.reduce((last, slice) => (holds(slice) ? slice : last), undefined);
}

/** Whether Fontsource serves `family` as a Chinese, Japanese or Korean
 *  family (its subsets name the script). Fails when the API does not
 *  answer: a CJK face taken for a Latin one would paint in a system face. */
async function isCjkFamily(family) {
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  if (!meta) throw new Error(`api.fontsource.org did not describe ${family}: reload to try again`);
  return !!meta.subsets?.some((subset) => /^(chinese|japanese|korean)/.test(subset));
}

/** faces = { 'Noto Serif TC': ['400', '700'] }, as for loadFonts: the
 *  whole FONTS object may be passed, its other families are left to
 *  loadFonts. Adds one FontFace per file of each CJK face with its
 *  unicodeRange, then loads the files `text` touches. `text` is what the
 *  faces set: the sample for the text face; a book in several voices calls
 *  it once per voice (loadCjkFonts({ 'LXGW WenKai TC': ['400'] }, quotes)),
 *  so the heading and quotation faces fetch and check only their own
 *  characters. Fails when a character of `text` is in no file of a face.
 *  List every weight the pages use: a weight left to the engine's later round
 *  gets the latin file only. With { vertical: true } it also loads each
 *  family's vertical forms (brackets, quotes, pause marks) for the canvas,
 *  which needs loadVerticalAlternates imported from postext. Resolves to
 *  the number of files loaded. */
async function loadCjkFonts(faces, text, { vertical = false } = {}) {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  let loaded = 0;
  try {
    if (vertical && typeof loadVerticalAlternates !== 'function') {
      throw new Error('loadCjkFonts(…, { vertical: true }) needs loadVerticalAlternates imported from postext');
    }
    for (const [family, specs] of Object.entries(faces)) {
      if (!(await isCjkFamily(family))) continue;
      const twin = [];
      for (const spec of new Set(specs)) {
        const weight = parseInt(spec, 10);
        const style = spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal';
        const slices = await cjkSlices(family, weight, style);
        const missing = [...new Set(text)].filter((ch) => /\S/.test(ch) && !cjkSliceFor(slices, ch.codePointAt(0)));
        if (missing.length) {
          throw new Error(`${family} ${spec} has no file for ${missing.slice(0, 12).join(' ')}: `
            + `give each face the text it sets (loadCjkFonts({ '${family}': ['${spec}'] }, text))`);
        }
        for (const slice of slices) {
          document.fonts.add(new FontFace(family, `url(${slice.url}) format('woff2')`,
            { weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: slice.range }));
          twin.push({ source: slice.url, weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: slice.range });
        }
        const font = `${style === 'italic' ? 'italic ' : ''}${weight} 16px "${family}"`;
        loaded += (await document.fonts.load(font, text)).length;
        if (!document.fonts.check(font, text)) throw new Error(`${family} ${spec} did not load for the sample`);
      }
      // The same files under a twin name with the `vert` feature on: the
      // canvas paints the punctuation of vertical lines with it.
      if (vertical && twin.length) await loadVerticalAlternates(family, twin);
    }
  } catch (error) {
    kitFail(error);
    throw error;
  }
  return loaded;
}

/** The PDF font provider for recipes with CJK faces: a family whose
 *  Fontsource subsets are Chinese, Japanese or Korean gets the files the
 *  screen set its pages' characters in (`request.codePoints`), each marked
 *  with its unicode-range and its place in the order loadCjkFonts added
 *  them: postext-pdf sets a character two files hold in the one added
 *  last, as the browser does. Any other family gets the latin file
 *  fontsourceProvider fetches (the "pdf" block) and, when the face sets
 *  letters only latin-ext has, that file too. */
async function cjkPdfProvider(family, weight, style, request) {
  if (!(await isCjkFamily(family))) return cjkLatinPdfFiles(family, weight, style, request);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const weights = meta.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const s = style === 'italic' && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const slices = await cjkSlices(family, w, s);
  const picked = new Set();
  for (const cp of request?.codePoints ?? []) {
    const slice = cjkSliceFor(slices, cp);
    if (slice) picked.add(slice);
  }
  if (!picked.size) picked.add(slices[0]);
  return Promise.all(slices.map(async (slice, order) => {
    if (!picked.has(slice)) return null;
    const res = await fetch(slice.url);
    if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource file ${slice.url} (${res.status})`);
    const bytes = await decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer()));
    return Object.assign(bytes, { unicodeRange: slice.range, order });
  })).then((files) => files.filter(Boolean));
}

/** A Latin family set next to the CJK faces: its latin file, then its
 *  latin-ext file when the face sets letters only latin-ext has (ō ū in
 *  Hepburn rōmaji, ǎ in pinyin), the file loadFonts adds on screen for
 *  them, each marked with its unicode-range and its place in that order:
 *  the PDF sets a character in the file the browser took it from. A face
 *  Fontsource ships without latin-ext, or whose file does not come, gets
 *  latin alone, and the PDF names the letters it lacks. */
async function cjkLatinPdfFiles(family, weight, style, request) {
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const beyond = [...(request?.codePoints ?? [])].some(cjkLatinExtOnly);
  if (!beyond || !meta?.subsets?.includes('latin-ext')) return fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style);
  const weights = meta.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const s = style === 'italic' && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const url = `${await fontsourceAt(id)}files/${id}-latin-ext-${w}-${s}.woff2`;
  const [latin, ext] = await Promise.all([fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style), fetch(url)
    .then(async (res) => (res.ok ? decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer())) : null), () => null)]);
  const ranges = kitRanges();
  return ext ? [Object.assign(latin, { unicodeRange: ranges.latin, order: 0 }),
    Object.assign(ext, { unicodeRange: ranges['latin-ext'], order: 1 })] : latin;
}

/** Whether code point `cp` is in Fontsource's latin-ext file and not in
 *  its latin file: Latin Extended-A and -B, IPA, the spacing modifiers and
 *  Latin Extended Additional (loadFonts's test for latin-ext), less the
 *  few latin holds too (ı Œ œ ʻ ʼ ˆ ˚ ˜). */
function cjkLatinExtOnly(cp) {
  if (!((cp >= 0x100 && cp <= 0x2ff) || (cp >= 0x1e00 && cp <= 0x1eff))) return false;
  return ![0x131, 0x152, 0x153, 0x2bb, 0x2bc, 0x2c6, 0x2da, 0x2dc].includes(cp);
}

/** showPages for a book bound on either edge. A right-bound book (the
 *  document says so: doc.binding is 'right' for page.binding 'right' and
 *  for vertical text) lies on the desk as it opens: page 1 alone on the
 *  left of the spine, then [3 | 2], the spine shade on each page's inner
 *  edge. `binding` ('left' | 'right') overrides the document's. */
function showBook(docs, { binding, ...options } = {}) {
  const count = showPages(docs, options);
  const right = (binding ?? [docs].flat()[0]?.binding) === 'right';
  if (!document.getElementById('pt-kit-cjk')) {
    // The pages keep direction ltr: a canvas draws text in the direction its
    // element inherits, and under rtl each run would end where the engine
    // starts it, its brackets mirrored.
    document.head.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', `<style id="pt-kit-cjk">
      .pt-spread[dir="rtl"] canvas { direction: ltr; }
      .pt-spread[dir="rtl"] figure:first-child canvas { box-shadow: inset 14px 0 14px -14px rgb(0 0 0 / .18),
        0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
    </style>`);
  }
  // Each pair stays [verso, recto] in the page; right to left, the verso
  // sits on the right. Phones stack the pages in reading order either way.
  for (const spread of document.querySelectorAll('#pages > .pt-spread')) spread.dir = right ? 'rtl' : 'ltr';
  document.getElementById('pages').dataset.binding = right ? 'right' : 'left';
  return count;
}

// ─── Kit · arabic v2 ── Arabic-script faces · postext.dev/cookbook
// Fontsource ships an Arabic family as one file per subset and weight: the
// `arabic` file holds the letters, the harakat, the Arabic-Indic digits, the
// Arabic punctuation and the presentation forms; `latin` and `latin-ext`
// hold the rest. loadFonts loads the latin files; this block adds the arabic
// file of every Arabic family, for the canvas and for the PDF, which shapes
// the letters with HarfBuzz from the same bytes.

/** The code points of Fontsource's `arabic` subset, as its stylesheets
 *  declare them (the same unicode-range the browser picks the file by). A
 *  function, not a const: the kit is inlined after the recipe's top-level
 *  awaits, and a const read before its line throws, where a function
 *  declaration is hoisted. */
function arabicRange() {
  return 'U+0600-06FF,U+0750-077F,U+0870-088E,U+0890-0891,U+0897-08E1,U+08E3-08FF,'
    + 'U+200C-200E,U+2010-2011,U+204F,U+2E41,U+FB50-FDFF,U+FE70-FE74,U+FE76-FEFC,U+102E0-102FB,'
    + 'U+10E60-10E7E,U+10EC2-10EC4,U+10EFC-10EFF,U+1EE00-1EEFF';
}

/** Whether code point `cp` is in the arabic file. */
function inArabicRange(cp) {
  inArabicRange.ranges ??= arabicRange().split(',').map((part) => {
    const [lo, hi = lo] = part.slice(2).split('-');
    return [parseInt(lo, 16), parseInt(hi, 16)];
  });
  return inArabicRange.ranges.some(([lo, hi]) => cp >= lo && cp <= hi);
}

/** Whether Fontsource serves `family` with an `arabic` subset. Fails when
 *  the API does not answer: an Arabic face taken for a Latin one would set
 *  its letters in a system face. */
async function isArabicFamily(family) {
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  if (!meta) throw new Error(`api.fontsource.org did not describe ${family}: reload to try again`);
  return !!meta.subsets?.includes('arabic');
}

/** The arabic file of a face. */
async function arabicFileUrl(family, weight, style) {
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  return `${await fontsourceAt(id)}files/${id}-arabic-${weight}-${style}.woff2`;
}

/** faces = { Amiri: ['400', '700'] }, as for loadFonts, after it: the whole
 *  FONTS object may be passed, its families without an arabic subset are
 *  left alone. Adds the arabic file of every listed weight of each Arabic
 *  family (the latin files come from loadFonts) and loads it. `text` is
 *  the sample: fails when it holds an Arabic-script character the arabic
 *  file does not cover. List every weight the pages set in Arabic: a weight
 *  left to the engine's later round gets the latin file only, and its Arabic letters
 *  fall back to a system face. Resolves to the number of files loaded. */
async function loadArabicFonts(faces, text = '') {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  let loaded = 0;
  try {
    const outside = [...new Set(text)].filter((ch) => /\p{Script=Arabic}/u.test(ch) && !inArabicRange(ch.codePointAt(0)));
    if (outside.length) throw new Error(`Fontsource's arabic files have no ${outside.slice(0, 12).join(' ')}`);
    for (const [family, specs] of Object.entries(faces)) {
      if (!(await isArabicFamily(family))) continue;
      for (const spec of new Set(specs)) {
        const weight = parseInt(spec, 10);
        const style = spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal';
        const face = new FontFace(family, `url(${await arabicFileUrl(family, weight, style)}) format('woff2')`,
          { weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: arabicRange() });
        document.fonts.add(await face.load().catch(() => {
          throw new Error(`Fontsource has no arabic file for ${family} ${weight} ${style}`);
        }));
        loaded++;
      }
    }
  } catch (error) {
    kitFail(error);
    throw error;
  }
  return loaded;
}

/** The PDF font provider for recipes with Arabic faces: a family with an
 *  arabic subset gets its arabic file when its pages set Arabic letters
 *  (`request.codePoints`), then its latin file, and its latin-ext file for
 *  the letters beyond latin (transliteration: ā ḥ ʿ), each marked with its
 *  unicode-range and its place in the order the screen added them (latin
 *  and latin-ext by loadFonts, then arabic): the arabic file also has a
 *  space and brackets, which the browser takes from latin, the file whose
 *  range holds them, and postext-pdf follows it. Any other family goes to
 *  fontsourceProvider (the "pdf" block). */
async function arabicPdfProvider(family, weight, style, request) {
  if (!(await isArabicFamily(family))) return fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style, request);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const weights = meta.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const s = style === 'italic' && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const wanted = [...(request?.codePoints ?? [])];
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const subsets = !wanted.length || wanted.some(inArabicRange) ? ['arabic', 'latin'] : ['latin'];
  if (meta.subsets.includes('latin-ext') && wanted.some((cp) => /[Ā-˿Ḁ-ỿ]/u.test(String.fromCodePoint(cp)))) {
    subsets.push('latin-ext');
  }
  const at = await fontsourceAt(id);
  return Promise.all(subsets.map(async (subset) => {
    const url = `${at}files/${id}-${subset}-${w}-${s}.woff2`;
    const res = await fetch(url);
    if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource file ${url} (${res.status})`);
    const bytes = await decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer()));
    return Object.assign(bytes, { unicodeRange: subset === 'arabic' ? arabicRange() : kitRanges()[subset],
      order: ['latin', 'latin-ext', 'greek', 'arabic'].indexOf(subset) });
  }));
}

// ─── /Kit ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
```

## تنويعات

### اطبع نسخة المعلّم

تذهب كل إجابة إلى موضعها باللون الأرجواني: الأقواس، والخانات، والفراغات، وخارج القسمة.

```diff
   exerciseStyles: [ficha],
+  exercises: { edition: 'teacher' },
```

### اجمع الإجابات في أسفل الورقة

يضع `placement: 'after'` مفتاح إجابة كل تمرين تحته؛ ويقلبه `'inverted'` رأسًا على عقب، كما في صفحات الألغاز.

```diff
+  exercises: { solutions: { placement: 'inverted', layout: 'key' } },
```

## أخطاء شائعة

- الخط الذي ليس له وزن 700 يجعل الخط العريض لأرقام الأسئلة مُصطنعًا. أعطِ خط النص هذا `boldFontWeight` بوزن موجود فيه.
- علامة ○ في التعليمات اليابانية وعلامة √ في الصينية لا توجدان إلا في خطوط CJK: ضعهما في جملة من نص CJK، لا في تسمية لاتينية.

## الحقوق

- الوصفة: Ignacio Ferro ([@drnachio](https://github.com/drnachio))
- الخطوط: Nunito (OFL-1.1), Baloo 2 (OFL-1.1), Noto Serif SC (OFL-1.1), Noto Sans SC (OFL-1.1), Klee One (OFL-1.1), Noto Sans JP (OFL-1.1), Noto Naskh Arabic (OFL-1.1), Baloo Bhaijaan 2 (OFL-1.1)
- الشيفرة: MIT · محتوى المثال: CC-BY-4.0

## وصفات ذات صلة

- [رقم 171 · كراسة تمارين صينية للتلميذ وللمعلّم](https://postext.dev/ar/cookbook/chinese-exercise-book.md): كراسة 练习册 في اللغة والرياضيات: أقسام 一、二、، وأقواس （　）، ومربعات 田字格، وعمليات في أعمدة، منضّدة مرتين من نص واحد، للتلميذ وللمعلّم. · المستوى 2 (متوسط) · كتب التمارين والتدريبات, الكتب المدرسية
- [رقم 172 · كراسة تمارين يابانية حلولها مطبوعة مقلوبة](https://postext.dev/ar/cookbook/japanese-drill-upside-down-answers.md): صفحتان من سلسلة كراسات تمارين يابانية، الحساب أفقي والكانجي في أعمدة، وتحت كل تمرين حلوله مطبوعة مقلوبة. · المستوى 2 (متوسط) · كتب التمارين والتدريبات, الكتب المدرسية
- [رقم 173 · كراسة تمارين عربية من اليمين إلى اليسار](https://postext.dev/ar/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md): وحدة من كراسة تمارين عربية للمرحلة الابتدائية من اليمين إلى اليسار: خيارات أ ب ج، وعمودان للوصل، وبنك كلمات، وخانتا صح وخطأ، وأرقام مشرقية. · المستوى 2 (متوسط) · كتب التمارين والتدريبات, الكتب المدرسية