# Un quadern d’exercicis àrab, de dreta a esquerra

> Un quadern àrab de primària de dreta a esquerra: opcions أ ب ج, columnes per unir, paraules en un requadre, صح o خطأ i xifres arabicoíndiques.

- Versió HTML: https://postext.dev/ca/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl
- Recepta Núm. 173 · Llibres de text · Nivell 2 (Intermedi) · Sortides: Canvas, PDF
- Gèneres: Quaderns i exercicis, Llibres de text
- Requereix postext ≥ 1.59.0, postext-pdf ≥ 1.59.0 · provada amb 1.59.0, postext-pdf 1.59.0 el 2026-10-24
- Pàgines: [١](https://postext.dev/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl/ar/p01.webp?v=cd08e1dc), [٢](https://postext.dev/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl/ar/p02.webp?v=cd08e1dc), [٣](https://postext.dev/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl/ar/p03.webp?v=cd08e1dc), [٤](https://postext.dev/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl/ar/p04.webp?v=cd08e1dc), [1](https://postext.dev/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl/ar/p05.webp?v=cd08e1dc), [2](https://postext.dev/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl/ar/p06.webp?v=cd08e1dc), [3](https://postext.dev/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl/ar/p07.webp?v=cd08e1dc), [4](https://postext.dev/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl/ar/p08.webp?v=cd08e1dc)
- Obre al Sandbox: https://postext.dev/ca/sandbox#recipe=arabic-workbook-rtl&lang=ar (.postext: https://postext.dev/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl/ar/arabic-workbook-rtl.postext)
- Última actualització: 2026-10-24
- Altres idiomes: [en](https://postext.dev/en/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md), [es](https://postext.dev/es/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md), [de](https://postext.dev/de/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md), [fr](https://postext.dev/fr/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md), [it](https://postext.dev/it/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md), [pt](https://postext.dev/pt/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md), [zh](https://postext.dev/zh/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md), [ja](https://postext.dev/ja/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md), [ar](https://postext.dev/ar/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md)

## En poques paraules

Pàgines d’un quadern àrab per a infants sobre un hort escolar: triar la resposta, unir columnes, omplir buits, marcar vertader o fals, ordenar paraules i trobar-les en una sopa de lletres.

## Què compondràs

Una unitat d’un quadern d’àrab de segon en una pàgina de 17 × 24 cm, sobre un hort escolar. S’obre amb una franja d’aquarel·la, la pestanya i el títol de la unitat i una línia de punts per al nom, la classe i la data. Després venen els exercicis que imprimeix un llibre de primària àrab: triar la resposta correcta, amb أ) ب) ج) de tres en tres; unir les dues columnes; omplir els buits amb un requadre de paraules; marcar صح o خطأ; ordenar les paraules i escriure la frase a la línia; trobar set paraules de l’hort en una sopa de lletres. Les solucions tanquen la unitat. El mateix text es compon dues vegades: l’edició del Màixriq ho numera tot amb xifres arabicoíndiques, ١ ٢ ٣, i la del Magrib amb xifres europees. Totes dues es llegeixen des de la dreta i s’enquadernen per la dreta.

**Aquesta recepta respon a:**

- Com componc un quadern àrab de dreta a esquerra, amb columnes per unir i xifres arabicoíndiques?
- Com componc una pàgina de quadern d'activitats: números en cercles, banc de paraules, vertader o fals, uneix amb fletxes?
- Com faig una sopa de lletres o uns mots encreuats a partir d'una llista de paraules?

## La resposta curta

```js
// script.js, línies 34–53
// The locale sets the direction, the binding and the digits: 'ar' writes the exercise
// numbers, the items and the key in Arabic-Indic digits (١ ٢ ٣), 'ar-MA' in European ones.
// Options take the abjad letters (أ ب ج), true/false the words صح / خطأ, both from the
// language. Nothing below names a side: the engine sets every part from the right.
const tamrin = {
  id: 'tamrin',
  number: { shape: 'disc', fontFamily: LABEL, background: col('accent') },
  instruction: { fontFamily: LABEL, bold: false, color: col('ink') },
  options: { layout: 'row' }, // أ) ب) ج) side by side, three to a row (columns=3)
  blank: { look: 'dots', color: col('muted') }, // a dotted line, as Arab workbooks print it
  match: { color: col('accent') },
  bank: { box: 'sunduq', order: 'shuffle' },
  area: { kind: 'lines', color: col('rule') },
  grid: { fontFamily: TEXT, rule: col('leaf'), uppercase: false }, // Arabic has no capitals
  answers: { color: col('leaf'), fontFamily: TEXT },
  solutions: { box: 'hulul' },
  marginTop: em(1.1), marginBottom: em(0.5),
};
// The solutions where :::solutions stands: at the end of the unit.
const exercises = { solutions: { placement: 'directive' } };
```

## Ingredients

**Ensenya**

- [Exercicis](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/exercises.md#exercicis): La tanca :::exercise: una activitat amb l'enunciat, les preguntes i les respostes al Markdown, numerada i composta com diu un estil d'exercici, igual en paper i en pantalla.
- [Text de dreta a esquerra](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/arabic-layout.md#direcció-i-algorisme-bidireccional): direction fixa la direcció base del document: 'auto' (el valor predeterminat) la pren de l'escriptura del locale, de manera que 'ar', 'fa' o 'he' van de dreta a esquerra; l'algorisme bidireccional (UAX #9) ordena les paraules llatines i els números dins de cada línia, i el llibre s'enquaderna per la dreta.
- [Xifres dels números generats](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/configuration-language.md#llengua-del-document): numerals ('auto', 'latn', 'arab', 'arabext') tria les xifres de tots els números que escriu el motor: folis, números de llista i de nota, comptadors de títols i figures, les pàgines del sumari i de l'índex analític. 'auto' segueix el locale: ١٢٣ en àrab, 1 2 3 al Magrib (ar-MA, ar-DZ, ar-TN). El text de l'autor mai no es reescriu.

**També fa servir**

- [Estils d'exercici](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/exercises.md#estils-dexercici)
- [Elecció i vertader o fals](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/exercises.md#opció-múltiple-i-vertader-o-fals)
- [Buits i bancs de paraules](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/exercises.md#buits-i-banc-de-paraules)
- [Unir i classificar](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/exercises.md#relacionar-i-classificar)
- [Ordenar](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/exercises.md#ordenació)
- [Sopes de lletres i mots encreuats](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/exercises.md#sopes-de-lletres-i-mots-encreuats)
- [Solucions](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/exercises.md#solucions)
- [Fonts àrabs](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/arabic-layout.md#fonts)
- [Estils de numeració àrabs](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/arabic-layout.md#xifres-i-estils-de-numeració)
- [Llibres enquadernats per la dreta](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/configuration-page-layout.md#enquadernació)
- [Chips en línia](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/configuration-styles.md#estils-de-xip)
- [Requadres](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/configuration-callouts.md#estils-de-requadre)
- [Obertures dissenyades](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/configuration-headings.md#extensió-i-disseny-avançat)
- [Atributs de títol](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/document-format.md#atributs-dencapçalament)
- [Imatges als dissenys de pàgina](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/configuration-headers-footers.md#elements-dimatge)
- [Paleta de color semàntica](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/configuration-fonts-colors-viewers.md#paleta-de-colors)
- [Exportació a PDF](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#generació-de-pdf)
- [Requadres que es parteixen o no](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/configuration-callouts.md#el-contenidor-callout)
- [Equilibri de columnes](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/configuration-page-flow.md#equilibratge-de-columnes)
- [Preguntes obertes i zones d'escriptura](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/exercises.md#preguntes-obertes-i-espai-per-escriure)
- [Capçaleres segons el tipus de pàgina](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/configuration-headers-footers.md#elements-de-text)
- [Estils de paràgraf](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/configuration-styles.md#estils-de-paràgraf)
- [Fonts incrustades al PDF](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#per-què-un-proveïdor-de-fonts)
- [Figures i taules com a recursos](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/document-format-resources.md#recursos)

**La configuració d'un cop d'ull**

- [`bodyText`](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/configuration-text.md#text-de-cos), [`calloutStyles`](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/configuration-callouts.md#estils-de-requadre), [`chipStyles`](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/configuration-styles.md#estils-de-xip), [`colorPalette`](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/configuration-fonts-colors-viewers.md#paleta-de-colors), `exerciseStyles`, `exercises`, [`footer`](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/configuration-headers-footers.md#capçaleres-i-peus), [`header`](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/configuration-headers-footers.md#capçaleres-i-peus), [`headings`](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/configuration-headings.md#encapçalaments), [`layout`](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/configuration-page-layout.md#disposició), [`locale`](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/configuration-language.md#partició-de-mots), [`orderedLists`](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/configuration-lists-math.md#llistes-numerades), [`page`](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/configuration-page-layout.md#pàgina), [`paragraphStyles`](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/configuration-styles.md#estils-de-paràgraf)

**API**

- [`buildDocument`](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/configuration-programmatic-usage.md#construir-un-document), [`decompressWoff2`](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#proveïdor-de-fonts-al-navegador-fontsource--woff2), [`registerResourceImage`](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/architecture.md#superfície-dapi), [`renderPageToCanvas`](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/configuration-programmatic-usage.md#renderitzar-una-pàgina-en-un-mapa-de-bits), [`renderToPdf`](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#generació-de-pdf), [`withLoadedFonts`](https://postext.dev/ca/docs/configuration-programmatic-usage.md#carregar-les-fonts-abans-de-compondre)

**Tipus de lletra**

- Noto Naskh Arabic (OFL-1.1), Baloo Bhaijaan 2 (OFL-1.1)

## Elaboració

### 1 · No anomenis cap costat

El codi és a [la resposta curta](https://postext.dev/ca/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md#la-resposta-curta). `locale: 'ar'` posa el text de dreta a esquerra, enquaderna el llibre per la dreta i tria les xifres; l’estil d’exercici pren de la llengua les lletres abjad de les opcions i صح i خطأ per al vertader o fals. Les columnes per unir, el requadre de paraules, la sopa de lletres i les línies d’escriptura es dibuixen com a dissenys de requadre, que una pàgina de dreta a esquerra reflecteix: la primera columna queda a la dreta, una paraula horitzontal de la sopa es llegeix de dreta a esquerra i els punts d’unir es miren al centre.

### 2 · L’obertura de l’hort

```js
// script.js, línies 58–73
const BAND = 170 / 2.4; // mm: the painting's height at the page's width
const opener = { enabled: true, minHeight: mm(BAND - 20 + 21), slot: { elements: [
  { kind: 'image', id: 'picture', resourceId: '{attr.pic}', decorative: true, reserve: false,
    placement: { anchor: { to: 'page', edge: 'top-left' },
      size: { width: mm(170), height: mm(BAND) } } },
  // In the flow of a right-to-left page 'left' is the start of the line: the right.
  { kind: 'text', id: 'unit', content: '{attr.kicker}', fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(11),
    fontWeight: 700, color: col('paper'), align: 'left',
    box: { backgroundColor: col('accent'), borderRadius: mm(1.5),
      padding: { top: mm(0.6), bottom: mm(0.4), left: mm(2.4), right: mm(2.4) } },
    placement: { anchor: { to: 'container', edge: 'top-left' },
      offset: { x: mm(0), y: mm(BAND - 20 + 3) } } },
  { kind: 'text', id: 'title', content: '{titleText}', fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(30),
    fontWeight: 700, color: col('ink'), align: 'left',
    placement: { anchor: { to: '#unit', edge: 'right-of' }, offset: { x: mm(4), y: mm(-5) } } },
] } };
```

La pintura s’ancora a la pàgina i conserva el seu lloc. La pestanya i el títol es col·loquen en el flux de la pàgina, on `left` és el començament de la línia, de manera que queden a la dreta sense coordenades pròpies. Els folis, com les capçaleres, són físics i anomenen cada costat.

### 3 · Dues edicions, dos jocs de xifres

```js
// script.js, línies 227–232
// Both are bound on the right and read from the right; only the locale changes.
const build = () => withLoadedFonts(() => buildDocument({ markdown, resources }, config()),
  { ...kitFonts(FONTS), text: markdown });
const mashriq = await build();
edition = { locale: 'ar-MA' }; // the same book for Morocco: European digits, still right to left
const docs = [mashriq, await build()];
```

La configuració és una funció, així que cada composició rep el seu propi objecte, i la segona només canvia la llengua. `ar-MA` escriu amb xifres europees els números dels exercicis, dels apartats, de les solucions i dels folis, i deixa tota la resta com era: la direcció, l’enquadernació, les lletres abjad i les paraules de les solucions.

## La recepta completa

Un sol fitxer, compost a partir de la carpeta de la recepta amb el text d'exemple i el kit comú del Receptari ja inclosos; construeix la seva pròpia pàgina. Per executar-lo, posa'l en un `<script type="module">` d'una pàgina buida o enganxa'l al tauler JS d'un pen nou de CodePen (com a mòdul). Importa postext des d'esm.sh, així que no cal instal·lar ni compilar res.

- Carpeta de la recepta: https://github.com/drnachio/postext/tree/main/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl

### script.js

```js
// ═══ Postext Cookbook · Nº 173 · An Arabic workbook, right to left ═══════════════
// https://postext.dev/en/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl
// Code: MIT · Text: original (CC BY 4.0) · Pictures: generated with diffusion models
// Fonts: Noto Naskh Arabic, Baloo Bhaijaan 2 (SIL OFL 1.1) · Needs postext ≥ 1.59.0
import {
  buildDocument, withLoadedFonts, renderPageToCanvas, registerResourceImage,
} from 'https://esm.sh/postext';
import { renderToPdf, decompressWoff2 } from 'https://esm.sh/postext-pdf';

const LANG = 'ar'; // @lang: the language of the frame; the workbook is Arabic in all
const RECIPE = 'arabic-workbook-rtl';

// ─── 1 · Design ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// #region palette: a garden workbook: ink, a terracotta accent, a leaf green, sand
const palette = {
  ink: '#22282e', // text
  accent: '#b9542a', // the one accent: exercise numbers, the unit tab, the word bank
  leaf: '#4f7d3a', // the second: rules and the word search's ruling
  sand: '#f8eedf', // the bank's ground, the answers box
  rule: '#c8b49b', // writing lines
  muted: '#6f655c', // folios, the name line, the colophon
  paper: '#ffffff',
};
const col = (id) => ({ hex: palette[id], model: 'hex', paletteId: id });
const colorPalette = [
  ...Object.entries(palette).map(([id, hex]) => ({ id, name: id, value: { hex, model: 'hex' } })),
  { id: 'main-color', name: 'accent (defaults)', value: { hex: palette.accent, model: 'hex' } },
];
// #endregion
// Naskh for the text, a rounded Arabic for the labels a child reads first.
const [TEXT, LABEL] = ['Noto Naskh Arabic', 'Baloo Bhaijaan 2'];

// #region answer: one exercise style read right to left, in the edition's digits
// The locale sets the direction, the binding and the digits: 'ar' writes the exercise
// numbers, the items and the key in Arabic-Indic digits (١ ٢ ٣), 'ar-MA' in European ones.
// Options take the abjad letters (أ ب ج), true/false the words صح / خطأ, both from the
// language. Nothing below names a side: the engine sets every part from the right.
const tamrin = {
  id: 'tamrin',
  number: { shape: 'disc', fontFamily: LABEL, background: col('accent') },
  instruction: { fontFamily: LABEL, bold: false, color: col('ink') },
  options: { layout: 'row' }, // أ) ب) ج) side by side, three to a row (columns=3)
  blank: { look: 'dots', color: col('muted') }, // a dotted line, as Arab workbooks print it
  match: { color: col('accent') },
  bank: { box: 'sunduq', order: 'shuffle' },
  area: { kind: 'lines', color: col('rule') },
  grid: { fontFamily: TEXT, rule: col('leaf'), uppercase: false }, // Arabic has no capitals
  answers: { color: col('leaf'), fontFamily: TEXT },
  solutions: { box: 'hulul' },
  marginTop: em(1.1), marginBottom: em(0.5),
};
// The solutions where :::solutions stands: at the end of the unit.
const exercises = { solutions: { placement: 'directive' } };
// #endregion


// #region opener: the garden to the bleed, the unit's tab and its title under it
const BAND = 170 / 2.4; // mm: the painting's height at the page's width
const opener = { enabled: true, minHeight: mm(BAND - 20 + 21), slot: { elements: [
  { kind: 'image', id: 'picture', resourceId: '{attr.pic}', decorative: true, reserve: false,
    placement: { anchor: { to: 'page', edge: 'top-left' },
      size: { width: mm(170), height: mm(BAND) } } },
  // In the flow of a right-to-left page 'left' is the start of the line: the right.
  { kind: 'text', id: 'unit', content: '{attr.kicker}', fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(11),
    fontWeight: 700, color: col('paper'), align: 'left',
    box: { backgroundColor: col('accent'), borderRadius: mm(1.5),
      padding: { top: mm(0.6), bottom: mm(0.4), left: mm(2.4), right: mm(2.4) } },
    placement: { anchor: { to: 'container', edge: 'top-left' },
      offset: { x: mm(0), y: mm(BAND - 20 + 3) } } },
  { kind: 'text', id: 'title', content: '{titleText}', fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(30),
    fontWeight: 700, color: col('ink'), align: 'left',
    placement: { anchor: { to: '#unit', edge: 'right-of' }, offset: { x: mm(4), y: mm(-5) } } },
] } };
// #endregion

// Folios at the foot's outer corner: running heads stay physical, so each side is named.
const foot = (id, content, parity, edge, x, extra = {}) => ({ kind: 'text', id, content, parity,
  pages: 'body', fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(9), color: col('muted'),
  placement: { anchor: { to: 'page', edge }, offset: { x: mm(x), y: mm(-11) } }, ...extra });
const footer = { elements: [
  foot('folio-v', '{pageNumber}', 'even', 'bottom-left', 16,
    { fontWeight: 700, color: col('accent') }),
  foot('title-v', '{title}', 'even', 'bottom-left', 24),
  foot('folio-r', '{pageNumber}', 'odd', 'bottom-right', -16,
    { fontWeight: 700, color: col('accent'), align: 'right' }),
  foot('title-r', '{chapterTitle}', 'odd', 'bottom-right', -24, { align: 'right' }),
] };

let edition = {}; // what the second build below changes: the Maghreb edition's locale
const config = () => ({
  locale: 'ar', // the Mashriq edition: ١ ٢ ٣
  colorPalette,
  exerciseStyles: [tamrin],
  exercises,
  page: { sizePreset: 'custom', width: mm(170), height: mm(240), dpi: 150,
    margins: { top: mm(20), bottom: mm(20), left: mm(18), right: mm(16), mirror: true } },
  layout: { layoutType: 'single' },
  bodyText: { fontFamily: TEXT, fontSize: pt(13), lineHeight: pt(22), color: col('ink'),
    boldColor: col('ink'), italicColor: col('ink'), referenceColor: col('ink'),
    textAlign: 'justify', firstLineIndent: pt(0), hyphenation: { enabled: false },
    avoidWidows: true, avoidOrphans: true },
  headings: { fontFamily: LABEL, color: col('ink'), fontWeight: 700,
    balancing: { enabled: false },
    levels: [{ level: 1, fontSize: pt(30), breakBefore: { parity: 'any' },
      advancedDesign: opener }] },
  orderedLists: { numberFormat: 'arabic', color: col('ink'), fontWeight: 700 },
  paragraphStyles: [
    { id: 'ism', fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(11), color: col('muted'), firstLineIndent: pt(0),
      textAlign: 'left', marginBottom: mm(3) },
    { id: 'colophon', fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(8), lineHeight: pt(13), color: col('muted'),
      textAlign: 'left', firstLineIndent: pt(0), marginTop: mm(6) },
  ],
  chipStyles: [{ id: 'khatt', backgroundEnabled: false, underline: 'dotted', borderWidth: pt(1),
    borderColor: col('muted'), minWidth: mm(26), paddingX: pt(0), paddingY: pt(0) }],
  calloutStyles: [
    { id: 'sunduq', background: col('sand'), border: { enabled: true, color: col('accent'),
      width: pt(1), style: 'dashed' }, borderRadius: mm(2.5),
    padding: { top: mm(2), right: mm(4), bottom: mm(2.5), left: mm(4) },
    body: { fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(12), textAlign: 'center' },
    marginTop: mm(1.5), marginBottom: mm(2.5) },
    { id: 'hulul', background: col('sand'), borderRadius: mm(2),
      stripe: { enabled: true, side: 'left', width: pt(3), color: col('leaf') },
      padding: { top: mm(3), right: mm(4), bottom: mm(3.5), left: mm(4) },
      titleStyle: { fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(13), fontWeight: 700, color: col('leaf') },
      body: { fontSize: pt(11), lineHeight: pt(19), color: col('ink'), firstLineIndent: pt(0) },
      marginTop: mm(6), marginBottom: mm(2), keepTogether: false },
  ],
  header: { elements: [] },
  footer,
  ...edition,
});

// ─── 2 · Content ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const markdown = String.raw`---
title: "كراسة التمارين · الصف الثاني"
---

# في الحديقة {kicker="الوحدة الثالثة" pic="garden"}

:::paragraphs{style="ism"}
الاسم: :chip[ ]{style="khatt"}  الصف: :chip[ ]{style="khatt"}  التاريخ: :chip[ ]{style="khatt"}
:::

:::exercise{columns=3}
اخترِ الإجابة الصحيحة.

1. تحتاج النبتة كي تنمو إلى:
   - [ ] الحجارة
   - [x] الماء
   - [ ] الرمل
2. نسقي الحديقة في الصباح الباكر لأنّ الشمس فيه:
   - [x] ليست حارّة
   - [ ] شديدة الحرارة
   - [ ] غائبة
3. يصنع النحل العسل من:
   - [ ] أوراق الشجر
   - [ ] حبّات التراب
   - [x] رحيق الأزهار
:::

:::exercise
صِلْ كلّ كلمة في العمود الأول بما يناسبها في العمود الثاني.

- النحلة -> تصنع العسل
- الشمس -> تمنح الضوء والدفء
- الجذور -> تمتصّ الماء من التربة
- الفراشة -> تنتقل من زهرة إلى زهرة
:::

:::exercise{bank}
أكمِلِ الفراغ بالكلمة المناسبة من الصندوق.

زرعت سلمى بذرة [[الليمون]] في أصيص صغير، ووضعته قرب [[النافذة]] حتى يصله الضوء، وصارت [[تسقيه]] كلّ يومين. وبعد أسبوعين ظهرت ورقتان [[خضراوان]].

::bank[الملح | السيّارة]
:::

:::exercise{type=truefalse}
ضع علامة في المربّع المناسب.

- [x] تصنع النحلة العسل من رحيق الأزهار.
- [ ] تنمو شجرة الليمون في يوم واحد.
- [x] الجذور تثبّت النبتة في التربة.
- [ ] نسقي النباتات بالحليب.
:::

:::exercise{type=scramble}
رتّبِ الكلمات لتكوّن جملة مفيدة، ثمّ اكتبها على السطر.

- تسقي / سلمى / الأزهار / في / الصباح
- يحمل / خالد / أصيص / النعناع
:::

:::exercise{type=wordsearch size=8}
ابحث في الشبكة عن أسماء الأشياء التي نراها في الحديقة، ثمّ لوّنها.

- شجرة
- زهرة
- تربة
- بذرة
- ورقة
- نحلة
- غصن
:::

:::solutions

:::paragraphs{style="colophon"}
الحروف: Noto Naskh Arabic وBaloo Bhaijaan 2 (رخصة SIL OFL) · الرسم: مولَّد بنماذج الانتشار · التمارين: نصّ أصليّ للكتاب (CC BY 4.0)
:::
`; // content.ar.md: one text for both editions

// ─── 3 · Fonts ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const FONTS = {
  'Noto Naskh Arabic': ['400', '700'], // the text, the word search's letters
  'Baloo Bhaijaan 2': ['400', '700'], // instructions, numbers, the title
};

// ─── 4 · Build & show ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
await loadFonts(FONTS, markdown);
// Each Arabic face's letters live in a file of their own (gotcha: arabic-fonts-subset).
await loadArabicFonts(FONTS, markdown);
await loadImage('garden-1600.jpg', asset('garden-1600.jpg'));
const resources = [{ id: 'garden', typeId: 'figure', kind: 'bitmap', createdAt: 0, updatedAt: 0,
  bitmap: { fileId: 'garden-1600.jpg', format: 'jpeg', width: 1600, height: 667 } }];
// #region editions: one text, two editions: Mashriq digits, then Maghreb digits
// Both are bound on the right and read from the right; only the locale changes.
const build = () => withLoadedFonts(() => buildDocument({ markdown, resources }, config()),
  { ...kitFonts(FONTS), text: markdown });
const mashriq = await build();
edition = { locale: 'ar-MA' }; // the same book for Morocco: European digits, still right to left
const docs = [mashriq, await build()];
// #endregion
showBook(docs, { title: t({ ar: 'كراسة تمارين عربية', en: 'An Arabic workbook, right to left',
  es: 'Un cuaderno de ejercicios árabe, de derecha a izquierda' }) });
offerPdf(() => renderToPdf(docs, { fontProvider: arabicPdfProvider, resourceBytes: imageBytes }),
  `${RECIPE}.pdf`);

// ─── Kit ── helpers shared by every Cookbook recipe · postext.dev/cookbook ─────

// ─── Kit · core v1 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
function mm(value) { return { value, unit: 'mm' }; }
function pt(value) { return { value, unit: 'pt' }; }
function em(value) { return { value, unit: 'em' }; }
/** The sample language's string: t({ en: 'Figure', es: 'Figura' }). */
function t(strings) { return strings[LANG] ?? Object.values(strings)[0]; }
/** A file in this recipe's assets folder, served from the Postext repo by jsDelivr. */
function asset(file) { return `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/drnachio/postext@main/cookbook/${RECIPE}/assets/${file}`; }

// ─── Kit · fonts v3 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
// Postext loads the faces a config asks for before layout and asks the kit
// for Fontsource's files, the ones the PDF embeds too.

/** buildDocumentWithFonts' options: the resolver, and FONTS' faces loaded
 *  with the config's. FONTS = { 'Family Name': ['400', '400i', '700'] }. */
function kitFonts(FONTS = {}) {
  const faces = Object.entries(FONTS).flatMap(([family, specs]) => specs.map((spec) =>
    ({ family, weight: parseInt(spec, 10), style: spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal' })));
  return { resolve: fontsourceResolver, faces };
}

/** A face's files with their ranges: latin, then latin-ext and greek when
 *  `text` needs them (kitSubsetsFor). Null for a face Fontsource lacks. */
async function fontsourceResolver(family, weight, style, { text = '' } = {}) {
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  if (meta && !(await fontsourceWeights(family, style)).includes(weight)) return null;
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  const at = await fontsourceAt(id);
  return ['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)].map((subset) => ({
    source: `${at}files/${id}-${subset}-${weight}-${style}.woff2`,
    unicodeRange: kitRanges()[subset],
  }));
}

/** Each file's unicode-range (a function: the kit runs after the pen's code). */
function kitRanges() {
  return {
    latin: 'U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,'
      + 'U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD',
    'latin-ext': 'U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,'
      + 'U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF',
    greek: 'U+0370-03FF',
  };
}

/** For the cjk, arabic and comics blocks: loads `faces` (as FONTS) for the
 *  sample `text`; `optional` skips a face Fontsource lacks. Files are added in
 *  the order asked, the last winning a shared character. Resolves to the count. */
async function loadFonts(faces, text = '', { optional = false } = {}) {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  const ranges = kitRanges();
  const jobs = [];
  for (const [family, specs] of Object.entries(faces)) {
    const id = fontsourceId(family);
    const todo = [...new Set(specs)].map((spec) => [parseInt(spec, 10), spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal'])
      .filter(([weight, style]) => !hasFace(family, weight, style)); // before any await
    const at = fontsourceAt(id);
    const meta = optional || /[^\0-ÿ]/u.test(text) ? await fontsourceMeta(family) : null;
    const subsets = ['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)];
    for (const [weight, style] of todo) {
      if (optional && !(meta && (await fontsourceWeights(family, style)).includes(weight))) continue;
      for (const subset of subsets) {
        const url = `${await at}files/${id}-${subset}-${weight}-${style}.woff2`;
        const face = new FontFace(family, `url(${url}) format('woff2')`,
          { weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: ranges[subset] });
        jobs.push(face.load().catch(() => {
          if (subset === 'latin' && !optional) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${weight} ${style}`);
        }));
      }
    }
  }
  const ready = await Promise.all(jobs).catch((error) => { kitFail(error); throw error; });
  return ready.filter((face) => face && document.fonts.add(face)).length;
}

/** A loaded FontFace covers this face (fonts.check() says yes to any family). */
function hasFace(family, weight, style) {
  for (const face of document.fonts) {
    if (face.status !== 'loaded' || face.style !== style) continue;
    if (face.family.replace(/^["']|["']$/g, '') !== family) continue;
    const [low, high = low] = face.weight.split(' ').map(Number);
    if (weight >= low && weight <= high) return true;
  }
  return false;
}

/** The files beyond latin `text` needs that `meta`'s family ships. */
function kitSubsetsFor(text, meta) {
  return [[/[Ā-˿ᴀ-ᶿḀ-ỿ†ℓⱠ-Ɀ꜠-ꟿ]/u, 'latin-ext'], [/[Ͱ-Ͽ]/u, 'greek']]
    .filter(([re, x]) => re.test(text) && meta?.subsets?.includes(x)).map(([, x]) => x);
}

/** Fontsource's id for a family: 'Source Serif 4' → 'source-serif-4'. */
function fontsourceId(family) { return family.toLowerCase().replace(/\s+/g, '-'); }

/** A package's folder at the one version @5 names now (#766). */
function fontsourceAt(id, u = `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fontsource/${id}@`) {
  return (fontsourceAt.c ??= {})[id] ??= fetch(u + '5/package.json').then((r) => r.json())
    .then((p) => p.version || 5, () => 5).then((v) => `${u}${v}/`);
}

/** The family's Fontsource metadata (weights, styles, subsets), or null. */
function fontsourceMeta(family, id = fontsourceId(family)) {
  return (fontsourceMeta.c ??= {})[id] ??= fetch(`https://api.fontsource.org/v1/fonts/${id}`)
    .then((res) => (res.ok ? res.json() : null), () => null);
}

/** The weights the package ships in `style`: the API pairs none (no Libre
 *  Caslon 700 italic file), so italics are read from latin-italic.css. */
function fontsourceWeights(family, style, id = fontsourceId(family)) {
  return (fontsourceWeights.c ??= {})[id + style] ??= fontsourceMeta(family).then(async (m) => {
    if (!m?.styles.includes(style)) return m ? [] : [400, 700];
    const css = style === 'italic' ? await fetch(`${await fontsourceAt(id)}latin-italic.css`).then((r) => (r.ok ? r.text() : ''), () => '') : '';
    const w = [...css.matchAll(/weight: (\d+)/g)].map((x) => +x[1]);
    return w.length ? w : m.weights;
  });
}

// ─── Kit · viewer v2 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
/** The pages as spreads on a dark desk, page 1 alone, then verso | recto,
 *  each painted when it scrolls near. Other options go to renderPageToCanvas. */
function showPages(docs, { title, width = 460, ...render } = {}) {
  const root = viewer(title);
  const pages = [docs].flat().flatMap((doc) =>
    doc.pages.map((page) => ({ doc, page, n: (doc.pageIndexOffset ?? 0) + page.index })));
  const spreads = [];
  let verso = null;
  for (const p of pages) {
    if (p.n % 2 === 1) { if (verso) spreads.push([verso, null]); verso = p; }
    else { spreads.push([verso, p]); verso = null; }
  }
  if (verso) spreads.push([verso, null]);
  const density = Math.min(window.devicePixelRatio || 1, 2);
  showPages.painter?.disconnect();
  const painter = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {
    for (const { isIntersecting, target } of entries) {
      if (!isIntersecting) continue;
      painter.unobserve(target);
      const { doc, page } = target.postext;
      renderPageToCanvas(page, doc, target, { ...render, scale: (width * density) / page.width });
    }
  }, { rootMargin: '800px' });
  showPages.painter = painter;
  root.replaceChildren(...spreads.map((pair) => {
    const spread = document.createElement('div');
    spread.className = 'pt-spread';
    for (const p of pair) {
      const figure = document.createElement('figure');
      if (p) {
        const label = p.page.pageLabel || String(p.n + 1);
        const canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
        canvas.postext = p;
        canvas.style.aspectRatio = `${p.page.width} / ${p.page.height}`;
        canvas.setAttribute('role', 'img');
        canvas.setAttribute('aria-label', `Page ${label}`);
        const folio = document.createElement('figcaption');
        folio.textContent = label;
        figure.append(canvas, folio);
        painter.observe(canvas);
      } else figure.className = 'pt-blank';
      spread.append(figure);
    }
    return spread;
  }));
  kitStatus(`${pages.length} ${pages.length === 1 ? 'page' : 'pages'}`);
  document.documentElement.dataset.postext = 'ready';
  return pages.length;
}

/** The desk, the bar and the error reporting, created once. */
function viewer(title) {
  if (!document.getElementById('pt-kit')) {
    document.head.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', `<style id="pt-kit">
      :root { color-scheme: dark; }
      body { margin: 0; background: #0e1014; color: #b9bcc4; font: 13px/1.45 system-ui, sans-serif; }
      #pt-bar { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 1; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center;
        gap: 6px 16px; padding: 10px 16px; background: rgb(14 16 20 / .92); backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
        border-bottom: 1px solid #23262d; }
      #pt-bar strong { color: #f4f1ea; font-weight: 600; }
      #pt-actions { display: flex; gap: 12px; margin-left: auto; }
      #pt-actions a, #pt-actions button { color: #d8a21a; font: inherit; background: none; border: 0; padding: 0; cursor: pointer; }
      #pages { display: grid; justify-items: center; gap: 48px; padding: 32px 16px 72px; }
      .pt-spread { display: flex; }
      .pt-spread figure { margin: 0; width: min(460px, 44vw); }
      .pt-spread canvas { display: block; width: 100%; background: #fff;
        box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
      .pt-spread figure:first-child canvas { box-shadow: inset -14px 0 14px -14px rgb(0 0 0 / .18), 0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
      .pt-spread figcaption { margin-top: 10px; text-align: center; font: 600 10px/1 system-ui, sans-serif;
        letter-spacing: .18em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #6c7079; }
      .pt-blank { visibility: hidden; }
      @media (max-width: 760px) {
        .pt-spread { flex-direction: column; gap: 32px; }
        .pt-spread figure { width: min(460px, 92vw); }
        .pt-blank { display: none; }
      }
    </style>`);
    document.body.insertAdjacentHTML('afterbegin',
      '<header id="pt-bar"><strong id="pt-title"></strong><span id="pt-status" role="status"></span><span id="pt-actions"></span></header>');
    document.getElementById('pt-title').textContent = document.title || 'Postext';
    addEventListener('error', (event) => kitFail(event.error ?? event.message));
    addEventListener('unhandledrejection', (event) => kitFail(event.reason));
  }
  if (title) document.getElementById('pt-title').textContent = title;
  return document.getElementById('pages')
    ?? document.body.appendChild(Object.assign(document.createElement('main'), { id: 'pages' }));
}

function kitStatus(text) {
  viewer();
  document.getElementById('pt-status').textContent = text;
}

function kitFail(error) {
  document.documentElement.dataset.postext = 'error';
  kitStatus(`Error: ${error?.message ?? error}`);
}

// ─── Kit · pdf v3 ── the same in every recipe that exports a PDF
/** The Fontsource files the screen used, as TrueType, with their range and
 *  place: the nearest weight the family ships in that style, upright with no italic;
 *  latin, then what its letters need (kitSubsetsFor). */
async function fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style, request) {
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const s = style === 'italic' && meta && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const shipped = meta ? await fontsourceWeights(family, s) : [];
  const weights = shipped.length ? shipped : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const text = String.fromCodePoint(...(request?.codePoints ?? []));
  const files = await Promise.all(['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)].map(async (subset, order) => {
    const res = await fetch(`${await fontsourceAt(id)}files/${id}-${subset}-${w}-${s}.woff2`);
    if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${w} ${s} ${subset}`);
    return Object.assign(await decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer())),
      { unicodeRange: kitRanges()[subset], order });
  }));
  return files.length === 1 ? files[0] : files;
}

/** A "Build the PDF" button; then "Open the PDF" (a new tab: CodePen's frame
 *  shows no PDFs) and a download link. */
function offerPdf(makePdf, filename) {
  viewer();
  const button = Object.assign(document.createElement('button'), { type: 'button', textContent: 'Build the PDF' });
  button.dataset.postextPdf = filename;
  button.addEventListener('click', async () => {
    button.disabled = true;
    button.textContent = 'Building the PDF…';
    try {
      const bytes = await makePdf();
      const url = URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([bytes], { type: 'application/pdf' }));
      const size = `${Math.max(1, Math.round(bytes.length / 1024))} KB`;
      button.replaceWith(
        Object.assign(document.createElement('a'), { href: url, target: '_blank', rel: 'noopener', textContent: 'Open the PDF ↗' }),
        Object.assign(document.createElement('a'), { href: url, download: filename, textContent: `Download ${filename} · ${size}` }));
    } catch (error) {
      button.disabled = false;
      button.textContent = 'Build the PDF';
      kitFail(error);
    }
  });
  document.getElementById('pt-actions').append(button);
}

// ─── Kit · images v3 ── recipes with pictures · postext.dev/cookbook
/** Registers a photo or PNG for the canvas and keeps its bytes for the PDF.
 *  fetch → ImageBitmap never taints the canvas (a plain cross-origin <img> would). */
async function loadImage(fileId, url) {
  const res = await fetch(url);
  if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Image not found (${res.status}): ${url}`);
  const bytes = new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer());
  registerResourceImage(fileId, await createImageBitmap(new Blob([bytes])));
  (loadImage.bytes ??= new Map()).set(fileId, bytes);
}

/** Registers SVG markup as a vector image, its fonts inside (inlineSvgFonts, ≥ 1.25).
 *  `options` go to registerResourceImage: { singleInk: true } tints it on the canvas. */
async function loadSvg(fileId, svg, options) {
  if (typeof inlineSvgFonts === 'function') svg = await inlineSvgFonts(svg, svgFaces);
  const img = new Image();
  img.src = `data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,${encodeURIComponent(svg)}`;
  await img.decode();
  registerResourceImage(fileId, img, options);
  (loadImage.bytes ??= new Map()).set(fileId, new TextEncoder().encode(svg));
}

/** A face's Fontsource files: nearest weight; latin + what the SVG sets. */
async function svgFaces(family, weight, style, { codePoints = [] } = {}) {
  const [id, m] = [fontsourceId(family), await fontsourceMeta(family)];
  const w = m?.weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a)) ?? weight;
  const s = m?.styles.includes(style) === false ? 'normal' : style;
  return Promise.all(['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(String.fromCodePoint(...codePoints), m)].map(async (x) => new Uint8Array(
    await (await fetch(`${await fontsourceAt(id)}files/${id}-${x}-${w}-${s}.woff2`)).arrayBuffer())));
}

/** renderToPdf({ resourceBytes: imageBytes }) */
function imageBytes(fileId) { return loadImage.bytes?.get(fileId); }

/** renderToHtml({ resourceImageUrl: imageUrl }) */
function imageUrl(fileId) {
  const bytes = imageBytes(fileId);
  if (!bytes) return undefined;
  imageUrl.urls ??= new Map();
  if (!imageUrl.urls.has(fileId)) {
    const type = /\.svg$/i.test(fileId) ? 'image/svg+xml' : /\.png$/i.test(fileId) ? 'image/png' : 'image/jpeg';
    imageUrl.urls.set(fileId, URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([bytes], { type })));
  }
  return imageUrl.urls.get(fileId);
}

// ─── Kit · arabic v2 ── Arabic-script faces · postext.dev/cookbook
// Fontsource ships an Arabic family as one file per subset and weight: the
// `arabic` file holds the letters, the harakat, the Arabic-Indic digits, the
// Arabic punctuation and the presentation forms; `latin` and `latin-ext`
// hold the rest. loadFonts loads the latin files; this block adds the arabic
// file of every Arabic family, for the canvas and for the PDF, which shapes
// the letters with HarfBuzz from the same bytes.

/** The code points of Fontsource's `arabic` subset, as its stylesheets
 *  declare them (the same unicode-range the browser picks the file by). A
 *  function, not a const: the kit is inlined after the recipe's top-level
 *  awaits, and a const read before its line throws, where a function
 *  declaration is hoisted. */
function arabicRange() {
  return 'U+0600-06FF,U+0750-077F,U+0870-088E,U+0890-0891,U+0897-08E1,U+08E3-08FF,'
    + 'U+200C-200E,U+2010-2011,U+204F,U+2E41,U+FB50-FDFF,U+FE70-FE74,U+FE76-FEFC,U+102E0-102FB,'
    + 'U+10E60-10E7E,U+10EC2-10EC4,U+10EFC-10EFF,U+1EE00-1EEFF';
}

/** Whether code point `cp` is in the arabic file. */
function inArabicRange(cp) {
  inArabicRange.ranges ??= arabicRange().split(',').map((part) => {
    const [lo, hi = lo] = part.slice(2).split('-');
    return [parseInt(lo, 16), parseInt(hi, 16)];
  });
  return inArabicRange.ranges.some(([lo, hi]) => cp >= lo && cp <= hi);
}

/** Whether Fontsource serves `family` with an `arabic` subset. Fails when
 *  the API does not answer: an Arabic face taken for a Latin one would set
 *  its letters in a system face. */
async function isArabicFamily(family) {
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  if (!meta) throw new Error(`api.fontsource.org did not describe ${family}: reload to try again`);
  return !!meta.subsets?.includes('arabic');
}

/** The arabic file of a face. */
async function arabicFileUrl(family, weight, style) {
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  return `${await fontsourceAt(id)}files/${id}-arabic-${weight}-${style}.woff2`;
}

/** faces = { Amiri: ['400', '700'] }, as for loadFonts, after it: the whole
 *  FONTS object may be passed, its families without an arabic subset are
 *  left alone. Adds the arabic file of every listed weight of each Arabic
 *  family (the latin files come from loadFonts) and loads it. `text` is
 *  the sample: fails when it holds an Arabic-script character the arabic
 *  file does not cover. List every weight the pages set in Arabic: a weight
 *  left to the engine's later round gets the latin file only, and its Arabic letters
 *  fall back to a system face. Resolves to the number of files loaded. */
async function loadArabicFonts(faces, text = '') {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  let loaded = 0;
  try {
    const outside = [...new Set(text)].filter((ch) => /\p{Script=Arabic}/u.test(ch) && !inArabicRange(ch.codePointAt(0)));
    if (outside.length) throw new Error(`Fontsource's arabic files have no ${outside.slice(0, 12).join(' ')}`);
    for (const [family, specs] of Object.entries(faces)) {
      if (!(await isArabicFamily(family))) continue;
      for (const spec of new Set(specs)) {
        const weight = parseInt(spec, 10);
        const style = spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal';
        const face = new FontFace(family, `url(${await arabicFileUrl(family, weight, style)}) format('woff2')`,
          { weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: arabicRange() });
        document.fonts.add(await face.load().catch(() => {
          throw new Error(`Fontsource has no arabic file for ${family} ${weight} ${style}`);
        }));
        loaded++;
      }
    }
  } catch (error) {
    kitFail(error);
    throw error;
  }
  return loaded;
}

/** The PDF font provider for recipes with Arabic faces: a family with an
 *  arabic subset gets its arabic file when its pages set Arabic letters
 *  (`request.codePoints`), then its latin file, and its latin-ext file for
 *  the letters beyond latin (transliteration: ā ḥ ʿ), each marked with its
 *  unicode-range and its place in the order the screen added them (latin
 *  and latin-ext by loadFonts, then arabic): the arabic file also has a
 *  space and brackets, which the browser takes from latin, the file whose
 *  range holds them, and postext-pdf follows it. Any other family goes to
 *  fontsourceProvider (the "pdf" block). */
async function arabicPdfProvider(family, weight, style, request) {
  if (!(await isArabicFamily(family))) return fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style, request);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const weights = meta.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const s = style === 'italic' && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const wanted = [...(request?.codePoints ?? [])];
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const subsets = !wanted.length || wanted.some(inArabicRange) ? ['arabic', 'latin'] : ['latin'];
  if (meta.subsets.includes('latin-ext') && wanted.some((cp) => /[Ā-˿Ḁ-ỿ]/u.test(String.fromCodePoint(cp)))) {
    subsets.push('latin-ext');
  }
  const at = await fontsourceAt(id);
  return Promise.all(subsets.map(async (subset) => {
    const url = `${at}files/${id}-${subset}-${w}-${s}.woff2`;
    const res = await fetch(url);
    if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource file ${url} (${res.status})`);
    const bytes = await decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer()));
    return Object.assign(bytes, { unicodeRange: subset === 'arabic' ? arabicRange() : kitRanges()[subset],
      order: ['latin', 'latin-ext', 'greek', 'arabic'].indexOf(subset) });
  }));
}

// ─── Kit · book v1 ── books bound on either edge · postext.dev/cookbook
// A book bound on the right (Arabic, Hebrew or Persian text, vertical
// Chinese, or page.binding 'right') opens from what a Latin reader calls
// the back: page 1 lies alone on the left of the spine, then [3 | 2].

/** showPages for a book bound on either edge. A right-bound book (the
 *  document says so: doc.binding is 'right' for page.binding 'right', for
 *  text that runs right to left and for vertical text, when the binding is
 *  left to 'auto') lies on the desk as it opens: page 1 alone on the left
 *  of the spine, then [3 | 2], the spine shade on each page's inner edge.
 *  `binding` ('left' | 'right') overrides the document's. */
function showBook(docs, { binding, ...options } = {}) {
  const count = showPages(docs, options);
  const right = (binding ?? [docs].flat()[0]?.binding) === 'right';
  if (!document.getElementById('pt-kit-book')) {
    // The pages keep direction ltr, as in a left-bound book: a canvas takes
    // the direction its element inherits, and under the spread's rtl a run
    // painted for an ltr canvas would end where the engine starts it.
    document.head.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', `<style id="pt-kit-book">
      .pt-spread[dir="rtl"] canvas { direction: ltr; }
      .pt-spread[dir="rtl"] figure:first-child canvas { box-shadow: inset 14px 0 14px -14px rgb(0 0 0 / .18),
        0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
    </style>`);
  }
  // Each pair stays [verso, recto] in the page; right to left, the verso
  // sits on the right. Phones stack the pages in reading order either way.
  for (const spread of document.querySelectorAll('#pages > .pt-spread')) spread.dir = right ? 'rtl' : 'ltr';
  document.getElementById('pages').dataset.binding = right ? 'right' : 'left';
  return count;
}

// ─── /Kit ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
```

## Variants

### Imprimeix el llibre del professor

Les respostes s’imprimeixen llavors al seu lloc, amb el color d’`answers`: els punts units, les paraules als seus buits, les caselles correctes plenes i les paraules encerclades a la sopa.

```diff
-const exercises = { solutions: { placement: 'directive' } };
+const exercises = { edition: 'teacher', solutions: { placement: 'none' } };
```

### Escriu els exercicis en xinès

[El quadern d’exercicis xinès](https://postext.dev/ca/cookbook/chinese-exercise-book.md) compon els mateixos tipus d’exercici amb els seus propis parèntesis i numerals.

## Errors freqüents

- **Etiqueta un llibre àrab 'ar', no amb LANG.** Les edicions d'una recepta són en i es, però una mostra àrab és àrab en totes dues: `locale: LANG` la compondria d'esquerra a dreta, l'enquadernaria per l'esquerra, numeraria les seves pàgines 1 2 3 i anomenaria Figure o Figura les seves figures. Des de postext 1.30 l'etiqueta és a més la llengua en què es compon el text (en què es mesura, es pinta i s'incrusta), de manera que sota una etiqueta anglesa o castellana una font com Markazi Text no dibuixa les formes àrabs de les cometes angulars i dels punts, i les línies es parteixen per un altre lloc. Escriu tu l'etiqueta: 'ar' (xifres aràbigo-índiques, la convenció del Màixriq), una regió com 'ar-EG' o 'ar-SA', o 'ar-MA', 'ar-DZ' o 'ar-TN' per a una edició magribina amb xifres europees. Una pàgina llatina que només cita àrab conserva el seu propi locale.
- **Les fonts àrabs necessiten el seu fitxer arabic, amb el bloc arabic.** Fontsource serveix Amiri, Noto Naskh Arabic o Scheherazade New en un fitxer per subconjunt, i les lletres àrabs són al fitxer arabic. loadFonts només baixa latin (i latin-ext), de manera que a la pantalla l'àrab surt d'una font del sistema i es mesura malament, i fontsourceProvider lliura al PDF aquell fitxer latin, que imprimeix caixes buides. Afegeix el bloc arabic del kit, crida loadArabicFonts(FONTS, markdown) després de loadFonts, amb tots els pesos que les pàgines fan servir en àrab llistats a FONTS, i passa a renderToPdf fontProvider: arabicPdfProvider.

- La majoria de les lletres àrabs no tenen ✓ ni ✗: les paraules de vertader o fals són صح i خطأ, i l’enunciat demana una marca a la casella.
- La sopa de lletres omple les caselles buides amb lletres de les seves pròpies paraules, en la forma aïllada. Tria paraules de lletres variades o la quadrícula s’omplirà de ة.

## Crèdits

- Recepta: Ignacio Ferro ([@drnachio](https://github.com/drnachio))
- Imatges: A school garden in an Arab town: date palms, a fountain, lemon trees, a girl watering plants and a boy carrying a pot of mint.: Generated With Diffusion Models, original
- Tipus de lletra: Noto Naskh Arabic (OFL-1.1), Baloo Bhaijaan 2 (OFL-1.1)
- Codi: MIT · Contingut d'exemple: CC-BY-4.0

## Relacionades

- [Núm. 161 · Quadern de cal·ligrafia en deu escriptures](https://postext.dev/ca/cookbook/handwriting-workbook.md): Un primer quadern de cal·ligrafia en cada llengua del web: la lletra escolar de cada país sobre la seva pauta, un model, lletres puntejades i ratlles buides. · Nivell 2 (Intermedi) · Quaderns i exercicis, Llibres de text
- [Núm. 109 · Una edició magribina d'un text àrab, amb xifres europees](https://postext.dev/ca/cookbook/maghreb-edition-european-digits.md): Un capítol d'un llibre àrab imprès per al Marroc: locale 'ar-MA' manté el text de dreta a esquerra i escriu cada número generat com 1, 2, 3. · Nivell 1 (Bàsic) · Manuals, guies i obres de consulta
- [Núm. 171 · Un quadern d’exercicis xinès, de l’alumne i del mestre](https://postext.dev/ca/cookbook/chinese-exercise-book.md): Un 练习册 de llengua i matemàtiques: apartats 一、二、, parèntesis （　）, 田字格 i comptes en vertical, compost dos cops amb un sol text, per a l’alumne i el mestre. · Nivell 2 (Intermedi) · Quaderns i exercicis, Llibres de text