# Ein Liederbuch mit Melodie, Text und Akkorden

> Jedes Lied ist ein ABC-Block: die Melodie, Akkordsymbole über den Noten und die erste Strophe darunter, in Spaltenbreite gestochen nach einem Notenstil.

- HTML-Fassung: https://postext.dev/de/cookbook/songbook-melody-words-chords
- Rezept Nº 164 · Vollständige Publikationen · Stufe 2 (Mittel) · Ausgaben: Canvas, PDF
- Gattungen: Lyrik, Einzelblätter und Akzidenzen
- Benötigt postext ≥ 1.54.0, postext-pdf ≥ 1.54.0 · getestet mit 1.54.0, postext-pdf 1.54.0 am 2026-10-22
- Seiten: [1](https://postext.dev/cookbook/songbook-melody-words-chords/en/p01.webp?v=e517901b), [2](https://postext.dev/cookbook/songbook-melody-words-chords/en/p02.webp?v=e517901b), [3](https://postext.dev/cookbook/songbook-melody-words-chords/en/p03.webp?v=e517901b), [4](https://postext.dev/cookbook/songbook-melody-words-chords/en/p04.webp?v=e517901b), [5](https://postext.dev/cookbook/songbook-melody-words-chords/en/p05.webp?v=e517901b), [6](https://postext.dev/cookbook/songbook-melody-words-chords/en/p06.webp?v=e517901b)
- PDF: https://postext.dev/cookbook/songbook-melody-words-chords/en/songbook-melody-words-chords.pdf?v=e517901b
- In der Sandbox öffnen: https://postext.dev/de/sandbox#recipe=songbook-melody-words-chords&lang=en (.postext: https://postext.dev/cookbook/songbook-melody-words-chords/en/songbook-melody-words-chords.postext)
- Zuletzt aktualisiert: 2026-10-22
- Andere Sprachen: [en](https://postext.dev/en/cookbook/songbook-melody-words-chords.md), [es](https://postext.dev/es/cookbook/songbook-melody-words-chords.md), [ca](https://postext.dev/ca/cookbook/songbook-melody-words-chords.md), [fr](https://postext.dev/fr/cookbook/songbook-melody-words-chords.md), [it](https://postext.dev/it/cookbook/songbook-melody-words-chords.md), [pt](https://postext.dev/pt/cookbook/songbook-melody-words-chords.md), [zh](https://postext.dev/zh/cookbook/songbook-melody-words-chords.md), [ja](https://postext.dev/ja/cookbook/songbook-melody-words-chords.md), [ar](https://postext.dev/ar/cookbook/songbook-melody-words-chords.md)

## Kurz gesagt

Ein kleines Liederbuch zum Singen am Tisch. Jedes Lied steht als einfacher Text in einer Notenschrift namens ABC, und Postext zeichnet die Notenzeile, die Noten, die Gitarrenakkorde und den Text unter den Noten.

## Was Sie setzen

*Songs for the Long Table*, ein Liederbuch im Taschenformat A5: eine krapprote Titelseite, ein Wort an die Singenden mit dem Inhaltsverzeichnis, drei Lieder und Anmerkungen dazu, woher jedes stammt. Jedes Lied beginnt unter einer großen krapproten Nummer, einem Titel in der Fraunces und einer Zeile mit den Urhebern in Kapitälchen. Darunter läuft die Melodie auf einer 5,5 mm hohen Notenzeile in Leland, mit den Gitarrenakkorden über den Takten und der ersten Strophe unter den Noten in der Spectral, der Textschrift des Buches. Die übrigen Strophen stehen in zwei Spalten, sodass man vom letzten Takt aus gerade nach unten weiterliest. *Amazing Grace*, dessen lange Verse in einer Spalte umbrechen würden, setzt seine Strophen zentriert untereinander. Die spanische Ausgabe ist ein Geburtstagsliederbuch mit drei kürzeren Liedern, zwei auf einer Seite.

**Dieses Rezept beantwortet:**

- Wie setze ich ein Liederbuch mit der Melodie, dem Text unter den Noten und Akkordsymbolen?

## Die kurze Antwort

````js
// script.js, Zeilen 33–50
// A song is an ```abc fence in the Markdown: the melody, its chords written "G" before the note
// they fall on, and the first verse on a w: line under it. The look is set here, once.
const scoreStyle = {
  staffSize: mm(5.5), // a songbook rastral; the words under it come out at about 8 pt
  musicFont: 'Leland', // lighter noteheads than Bravura, close to Spectral's colour
  textFont: TEXT, // words and chord names in the text face, not the engraver's Times
  spacing: 1, // the engraver's own: five or six bars of 3/4 to a system on this measure
  barNumbers: 'none', // a table of singers counts verses, not bars
  systemGap: mm(4.5), // room for the chord names between one system's words and the next
  marginTop: pt(4),
  marginBottom: pt(LEAD),
  color: col('ink'),
  minSystemsAtBreak: 2, // never a lone system at a page foot or head
};
// Two habits of Verovio's ABC reader shape the w: lines. Every sung note takes the next
// syllable in order: the `_` and `*` holds are read as nothing, so the second note of a
// slurred pair (B/G/ under "-ing") gets a no-break space, which prints nothing. A tied note
// takes none. `~` joins two syllables on one note: "de~a-trás".
````

## Zutaten

**Zeigt**

- [Notensatz](https://postext.dev/de/docs/music.md#noten-im-text): Noten als Text in ```abc-, ```musicxml-, ```mei- oder ```humdrum-Blöcken, von Verovio in Spaltenbreite gestochen und in Systeme geteilt, die über Spalten und Seiten weiterlaufen.
- [Notenstil](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-resources.md#notenstil): scoreStyle und benannte scoreStyles: Systemgröße, Notenschrift, Textschrift, Abstand, Taktzahlen, Systemabstand, Ränder, Farbe und wie viele Systeme bei einem Umbruch zusammenbleiben.

**Verwendet außerdem**

- [Verse Zeile für Zeile](https://postext.dev/de/docs/document-format-directives.md#verse)
- [Gestaltete Auftakte](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-headings.md#seitenbreite-und-erweiterte-gestaltung)
- [Überschriftenattribute](https://postext.dev/de/docs/document-format.md#attribute-von-überschriften)
- [Nummerierte Überschriften](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-headings.md#überschreibungen-pro-ebene)
- [Überschriftenformate](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-styles.md#überschriftenstile)
- [Kapitel ohne Nummer](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-styles.md#überschriftenstile)
- [Umschläge, Titelseiten und Impressum](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-styles.md#überschriftenstile)
- [Dokument-Metadaten](https://postext.dev/de/docs/document-format.md#frontmatter)
- [Inhaltsverzeichnis](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-notes-references.md#inhaltsverzeichnis)
- [Kolumnentitel und Seitenzahlen](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-headers-footers.md#kopf--und-fußzeilen)
- [Kopfzeilen nach Seitenrolle](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-headers-footers.md#textelemente)
- [Absatzformate](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-styles.md#absatzformate)
- [Gespiegelte Ränder](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-page-layout.md#gespiegelte-ränder)
- [Semantische Farbpalette](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-fonts-colors-viewers.md#farbpalette)
- [Papierfarbe](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-page-layout.md#seite)
- [Text, Linien und Kästen in Seitengestaltungen](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-headers-footers.md#kopf--und-fußzeilen)
- [PDF-Export](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#pdfs-erzeugen)
- [Spalten in einem Kasten oder im Text](https://postext.dev/de/docs/document-format-directives.md#columns)
- [Code-Listings](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-styles.md#code-listings)
- [Im PDF eingebettete Schriften](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#warum-ein-font-provider)
- [Kolumnentitel je Abschnitt](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-styles.md#überschriftenstile)

**Die Konfiguration auf einen Blick**

- [`bodyText`](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-text.md#fließtext), [`colorPalette`](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-fonts-colors-viewers.md#farbpalette), [`footer`](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-headers-footers.md#kopf--und-fußzeilen), [`header`](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-headers-footers.md#kopf--und-fußzeilen), [`headingStyles`](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-styles.md#überschriftenstile), [`headings`](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-headings.md#überschriften), [`layout`](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-page-layout.md#layout), [`locale`](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-language.md#silbentrennung), [`page`](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-page-layout.md#seite), [`paragraphStyles`](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-styles.md#absatzformate), [`scoreStyle`](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-resources.md#notenstil), [`toc`](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-notes-references.md#inhaltsverzeichnis)

**APIs**

- [`buildDocumentWithFonts`](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-programmatic-usage.md#schriften-vor-dem-layout-laden), [`decompressWoff2`](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#font-provider-im-browser-fontsource--woff2), [`initMusicEngine`](https://postext.dev/de/docs/music.md#noten-im-text), [`renderPageToCanvas`](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-programmatic-usage.md#eine-seite-als-bitmap-rendern), [`renderToPdf`](https://postext.dev/de/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#pdfs-erzeugen)

**Schriften**

- Spectral (OFL-1.1), Spectral SC (OFL-1.1), Fraunces (OFL-1.1)

## Zubereitung

### 1 · Das Lied schreiben, den Notenstil einmal festlegen

Der Notenstil steht in [der kurzen Antwort](https://postext.dev/de/cookbook/songbook-melody-words-chords.md#die-kurze-antwort) oben. Im Markdown ist jedes Lied ein ```` ```abc ````-Block: Die Kopfzeilen geben Taktart, Grundnotenwert und Tonart an; ein Akkordname in doppelten Anführungszeichen (`"D7"A`) steht über der Note, der er vorangeht; eine `w:`-Zeile unter der Musik setzt eine Silbe unter jede Note, mit Bindestrichen getrennt. Eine Melodie mit Strophe und Refrain besteht aus zwei Musikzeilen, jede mit ihrer eigenen `w:`-Zeile. Größe der Notenzeile, Notenschrift, die Schrift des Textes, die Taktzahlen und der Abstand zwischen den Systemen kommen aus `scoreStyle`. So passen die drei Lieder zusammen, und die Blöcke enthalten nur Musik.

### 2 · Jedes Lied unter seiner Nummer und seinen Urhebern beginnen

```js
// script.js, Zeilen 66–81
// # Amazing Grace {credit="Words John Newton, 1779 · Tune New Britain, American, 1835"}
// The songs run on, three lines apart: a short song shares its page with the next one.
const at = (to, edge, x = 0, y = 0) => ({ anchor: { to, edge }, offset: { x: mm(x), y: mm(y) } });
const text = (id, content, font, size, color, placement, extra = {}) => ({ kind: 'text', id,
  content, fontFamily: font, fontSize: pt(size), color: col(color), align: 'left', placement,
  ...extra });
const songHead = { enabled: true, minHeight: mm(21), slot: { elements: [
  text('number', '{number}', DISPLAY, 26, 'madder', at('container', 'top-left', 0, 1),
    { fontWeight: 600, lineHeight: 1 }),
  text('title', '{titleText}', DISPLAY, 21, 'ink', { ...at('container', 'top-left', 12, 2),
    size: { width: mm(100) } }, { fontWeight: 600, lineHeight: 1.05 }),
  text('credit', '{attr.credit}', LABEL, 8.4, 'madder', { ...at('#title', 'below', 0, 2.2),
    size: { width: mm(100) } }, { fontWeight: 600, letterSpacing: pt(0.6) }),
] } };
const songs = { level: 1, numberingTemplate: '{1}', advancedDesign: songHead,
  marginTop: pt(LEAD * 3), marginBottom: pt(0), breakBefore: { enabled: false } };
```

Das Lied ist eine Überschrift erster Ebene mit einem Attribut `credit`, und ihr Design setzt daraus die Nummer, den Titel und die Urheberzeile. `minHeight` gibt jedem Lied denselben 21 mm hohen Kopf, sodass die Notenzeilen auf jeder Seite in derselben Höhe beginnen. Die Lieder laufen fortlaufend weiter, mit drei Zeilen Abstand über jedem Titel, und ein Notensatz wird nie vor seinem zweiten System umbrochen (`minSystemsAtBreak: 2`): Die englischen Lieder füllen je eine Seite, und zwei der kurzen spanischen Lieder teilen sich eine.

### 3 · Die übrigen Strophen in zwei Spalten setzen

```js
// script.js, Zeilen 54–62
// :::columns{count=2} holds one :::verse block per stanza; each line of the stanza is a
// line of Markdown, the turned lines indented two spaces (one em). A hymn in long lines
// (Amazing Grace) drops the columns: its stanzas stand one under another, centred.
const verse = { id: 'verse', fontSize: pt(9.4), lineHeight: pt(13), hyphenation: false,
  marginBottom: pt(13 / 2) };
const chorus = { id: 'chorus', fontSize: pt(9.4), lineHeight: pt(13), italic: true,
  hyphenation: false, marginBottom: pt(LEAD / 2) };
const colophon = { id: 'colophon', fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(7.8), lineHeight: pt(11),
  color: col('muted'), textAlign: 'left', firstLineIndent: pt(0), marginTop: pt(LEAD * 2) };
```

Jede Strophe ist ein `:::verse`-Block, sodass ihre Zeilen dort umbrechen, wo der Dichter sie umbrochen hat, und die zweite und vierte Zeile um ein Geviert eingezogen sind. Eine Gruppe `:::columns{count=2 gap=4mm}` stellt sie in 9,4 pt nebeneinander. Zählen Sie vorher die Zeichen: Die Verse von Burns passen in eine 55 mm breite Spalte, Newtons Langvers nicht, deshalb behält *Amazing Grace* einen einzigen zentrierten `:::verse`-Block, in dem Leerzeilen die Strophen trennen.

### 4 · Die festen Seitenelemente zurückhaltend halten

```js
// script.js, Zeilen 119–131
const head = (id, content, parity, edge, x, style = {}) => ({
  kind: 'text', id, content, parity, pages: 'all', // a song's first page carries them too
  fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(8.4), fontWeight: 600, letterSpacing: pt(0.9),
  color: col('muted'), ...style,
  placement: { anchor: { to: 'page', edge }, offset: { x: mm(x), y: mm(12.5) } },
});
const folio = { fontFamily: TEXT, fontWeight: 600, letterSpacing: pt(0), color: col('madder') };
const header = { elements: [
  head('verso-folio', '{pageNumber}', 'even', 'top-left', OUTER, folio),
  head('verso-title', '{title}', 'even', 'top-left', OUTER + 8),
  head('recto-song', '{chapterTitle}', 'odd', 'top-right', -(OUTER + 8)),
  head('recto-folio', '{pageNumber}', 'odd', 'top-right', -OUTER, folio),
] };
```

Die Kolumnentitel stehen auf jeder Seite, die die Lieder erreichen, der Buchtitel auf der linken und das Lied auf der rechten Seite, mit der Pagina im Krapprot der Liednummern. Die Titelseite und das Wort an die Singenden entfernen sie mit einem leeren `header` in ihren Überschriftenstilen.

## Das ganze Rezept

Eine Datei, aus dem Ordner des Rezepts zusammengesetzt, mit dem Beispieltext und dem gemeinsamen Baukasten der Rezepte bereits eingebettet; sie baut ihre eigene Seite auf. Zum Ausführen setzen Sie sie in ein `<script type="module">` auf einer leeren Seite oder fügen sie in das JS-Feld eines neuen CodePen-Pens ein (als Modul). Sie importiert postext von esm.sh, es gibt also nichts zu installieren oder zu bauen.

- Quellordner: https://github.com/drnachio/postext/tree/main/cookbook/songbook-melody-words-chords

### script.js

````js
// ═══ Postext Cookbook · Nº 164 · Songbook: melody, words under the notes, chords ═══════
// https://postext.dev/en/cookbook/songbook-melody-words-chords
// Code: MIT · Words and tunes: public domain (see the notes in each edition) · Prose: CC BY 4.0
// Fonts: Spectral, Spectral SC, Fraunces (SIL OFL 1.1); Leland (music) · Needs postext ≥ 1.54.0
import {
  buildDocumentWithFonts, renderPageToCanvas, initMusicEngine,
} from 'https://esm.sh/postext';
import { renderToPdf, decompressWoff2 } from 'https://esm.sh/postext-pdf';

const LANG = 'en'; // @lang: the language of the sample document ('en' | 'es')
const RECIPE = 'songbook-melody-words-chords';

// ─── 1 · Design ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const palette = { // every colour in the config links to one of these
  ink: '#211e1b', // text and notes: a warm near-black
  madder: '#8a3324', // the one accent: song numbers, the title page, credit lines
  tint: '#f1e7d8', // the subtitle on the madder ground (8.2:1)
  rule: '#cbbca6', // hairlines
  muted: '#675e55', // running heads, notes and the colophon (5.9:1 on the paper)
  paper: '#fbf8f1', // a cream stock
};
const col = (id) => ({ hex: palette[id], model: 'hex', paletteId: id });
const colorPalette = [
  ...Object.entries(palette).map(([id, hex]) => ({ id, name: id, value: { hex, model: 'hex' } })),
  // The engine's defaults link to 'main-color': point it at the accent, so nothing prints blue.
  { id: 'main-color', name: 'madder (defaults)', value: { hex: palette.madder, model: 'hex' } },
];
const [TEXT, LABEL, DISPLAY] = ['Spectral', 'Spectral SC', 'Fraunces'];
const LEAD = 14; // pt: the body's leading
const OUTER = 15; // mm: the outer margin, where the running heads and folios align

// #region answer: the score style: a 5 mm staff in Leland, the words in the book's face
// A song is an ```abc fence in the Markdown: the melody, its chords written "G" before the note
// they fall on, and the first verse on a w: line under it. The look is set here, once.
const scoreStyle = {
  staffSize: mm(5.5), // a songbook rastral; the words under it come out at about 8 pt
  musicFont: 'Leland', // lighter noteheads than Bravura, close to Spectral's colour
  textFont: TEXT, // words and chord names in the text face, not the engraver's Times
  spacing: 1, // the engraver's own: five or six bars of 3/4 to a system on this measure
  barNumbers: 'none', // a table of singers counts verses, not bars
  systemGap: mm(4.5), // room for the chord names between one system's words and the next
  marginTop: pt(4),
  marginBottom: pt(LEAD),
  color: col('ink'),
  minSystemsAtBreak: 2, // never a lone system at a page foot or head
};
// Two habits of Verovio's ABC reader shape the w: lines. Every sung note takes the next
// syllable in order: the `_` and `*` holds are read as nothing, so the second note of a
// slurred pair (B/G/ under "-ing") gets a no-break space, which prints nothing. A tied note
// takes none. `~` joins two syllables on one note: "de~a-trás".
// #endregion

// #region verse: the other verses, two stanzas side by side under the score
// :::columns{count=2} holds one :::verse block per stanza; each line of the stanza is a
// line of Markdown, the turned lines indented two spaces (one em). A hymn in long lines
// (Amazing Grace) drops the columns: its stanzas stand one under another, centred.
const verse = { id: 'verse', fontSize: pt(9.4), lineHeight: pt(13), hyphenation: false,
  marginBottom: pt(13 / 2) };
const chorus = { id: 'chorus', fontSize: pt(9.4), lineHeight: pt(13), italic: true,
  hyphenation: false, marginBottom: pt(LEAD / 2) };
const colophon = { id: 'colophon', fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(7.8), lineHeight: pt(11),
  color: col('muted'), textAlign: 'left', firstLineIndent: pt(0), marginTop: pt(LEAD * 2) };
// #endregion

// #region song-head: a song opens under its number, its title and its credit line
// # Amazing Grace {credit="Words John Newton, 1779 · Tune New Britain, American, 1835"}
// The songs run on, three lines apart: a short song shares its page with the next one.
const at = (to, edge, x = 0, y = 0) => ({ anchor: { to, edge }, offset: { x: mm(x), y: mm(y) } });
const text = (id, content, font, size, color, placement, extra = {}) => ({ kind: 'text', id,
  content, fontFamily: font, fontSize: pt(size), color: col(color), align: 'left', placement,
  ...extra });
const songHead = { enabled: true, minHeight: mm(21), slot: { elements: [
  text('number', '{number}', DISPLAY, 26, 'madder', at('container', 'top-left', 0, 1),
    { fontWeight: 600, lineHeight: 1 }),
  text('title', '{titleText}', DISPLAY, 21, 'ink', { ...at('container', 'top-left', 12, 2),
    size: { width: mm(100) } }, { fontWeight: 600, lineHeight: 1.05 }),
  text('credit', '{attr.credit}', LABEL, 8.4, 'madder', { ...at('#title', 'below', 0, 2.2),
    size: { width: mm(100) } }, { fontWeight: 600, letterSpacing: pt(0.6) }),
] } };
const songs = { level: 1, numberingTemplate: '{1}', advancedDesign: songHead,
  marginTop: pt(LEAD * 3), marginBottom: pt(0), breakBefore: { enabled: false } };
// #endregion

// #region front: the title page on a madder field, then the note to the singers
const display = (id, content, font, size, color, y, extra = {}) => text(id, content, font, size,
  color, { ...at('page', 'top', 0, y), size: { width: mm(118) } }, { align: 'center', ...extra });
const titlePage = { id: 'title-page', numbered: false, toc: false, span: 'page',
  header: { elements: [] }, footer: { elements: [] },
  advancedDesign: { enabled: true, slot: { elements: [
    { kind: 'box', id: 'field', style: { backgroundColor: col('madder') },
      placement: { ...at('bleed', 'top-left'), size: { width: 'fill', height: mm(132) } } },
    display('kicker', '{author}', LABEL, 10, 'tint', 40, { letterSpacing: pt(2),
      fontWeight: 600 }),
    display('title', '{titleText}', DISPLAY, 46, 'paper', 54, { fontWeight: 600,
      lineHeight: 1 }),
    display('subtitle', '{subtitle}', TEXT, 13, 'tint', 104, { italic: true }),
    display('press', '{attr.press}', LABEL, 9, 'muted', 182, { letterSpacing: pt(1.6),
      fontWeight: 600 }),
  ] } } };
// The note to the singers and the notes at the back are plain headings with no number;
// the front one has no running head and stays out of the contents.
const plain = { numbered: false, advancedDesign: { enabled: false }, fontFamily: DISPLAY,
  fontWeight: 600, fontSize: pt(21), lineHeight: pt(LEAD * 2), marginBottom: pt(LEAD / 2),
  breakBefore: { enabled: true, parity: 'any' } }; // gotcha: style-inherits-break
const front = { ...plain, id: 'front', toc: false, header: { elements: [] } };
const back = { ...plain, id: 'back' };
// #endregion

// #region contents: song number, title, a dotted leader and the page
const toc = {
  levels: [{ level: 1, fontFamily: TEXT, fontSize: pt(10.5), numberFontFamily: DISPLAY,
    numberFontWeight: 600, numberColor: col('madder'), numberWidth: mm(6), numberGap: mm(2) }],
  pageNumber: { fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(9.5), color: col('muted'), width: mm(6) },
  leader: { char: '. ', gap: mm(2) },
};
// #endregion

// #region heads: the book on the verso, the song on the recto, folios outside
const head = (id, content, parity, edge, x, style = {}) => ({
  kind: 'text', id, content, parity, pages: 'all', // a song's first page carries them too
  fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(8.4), fontWeight: 600, letterSpacing: pt(0.9),
  color: col('muted'), ...style,
  placement: { anchor: { to: 'page', edge }, offset: { x: mm(x), y: mm(12.5) } },
});
const folio = { fontFamily: TEXT, fontWeight: 600, letterSpacing: pt(0), color: col('madder') };
const header = { elements: [
  head('verso-folio', '{pageNumber}', 'even', 'top-left', OUTER, folio),
  head('verso-title', '{title}', 'even', 'top-left', OUTER + 8),
  head('recto-song', '{chapterTitle}', 'odd', 'top-right', -(OUTER + 8)),
  head('recto-folio', '{pageNumber}', 'odd', 'top-right', -OUTER, folio),
] };
// #endregion

const config = {
  locale: t({ en: 'en-us', es: 'es' }), // each edition's hyphenation patterns
  colorPalette,
  page: { // A5, the size of a parish songbook; mirror: left is the inner margin
    sizePreset: 'custom', width: mm(148), height: mm(210), dpi: 150,
    backgroundColor: col('paper'),
    margins: { top: mm(22), bottom: mm(20), left: mm(19), right: mm(OUTER), mirror: true },
  },
  layout: { layoutType: 'single' },
  bodyText: {
    fontFamily: TEXT, fontSize: pt(10.3), lineHeight: pt(LEAD), color: col('ink'),
    boldColor: col('madder'), italicColor: col('ink'), referenceColor: col('ink'),
    textAlign: 'justify', firstLineIndent: mm(4), indentAfterHeading: false,
    hyphenation: { enabled: true }, optimalLineBreaking: true,
    avoidWidows: true, avoidOrphans: true, avoidRunts: true,
  },
  headings: {
    fontFamily: DISPLAY, fontWeight: 600, color: col('ink'),
    levels: [songs, { level: 2, fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(9.5), lineHeight: pt(LEAD),
      letterSpacing: pt(1.4), color: col('madder'), marginTop: pt(LEAD), marginBottom: pt(4) }],
  },
  headingStyles: [titlePage, front, back],
  toc,
  scoreStyle,
  paragraphStyles: [verse, chorus, colophon],
  header,
  footer: { elements: [] },
};

// ─── 2 · Content ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const markdown = `---
title: "Songs for the Long Table"
subtitle: "Three songs to sing when the plates are cleared"
author: "Edited by Margaret Hollis"
---

# Songs for the Long Table {style="title-page" press="Hollis & Rowe · Second printing"}

# To the singers {style="front"}

This little book holds three songs that a table of friends can sing without a piano: a hymn that every congregation knows, a comic ballad of the California gold rush and the Scottish song that sees the old year out. Each is printed with its melody, the guitar chords over the staff and the first verse under the notes. The other verses follow in two columns, so the eye can run on from the last bar without turning the page.

The keys suit voices that have had no training. *Amazing Grace* and *Auld Lang Syne* are in G, where the highest note is the D or E at the top of the staff, and *Clementine* is in F. A guitarist who wants a lower key can play the same shapes with a capo and leave the singers where they are.

Where one syllable is held over two notes, the second note has no word under it: carry the vowel on to the next syllable. The notes at the back of the book say where the words and the tunes come from.

## Contents

:::toc

# Amazing Grace {credit="Words John Newton, 1779 · Tune New Britain, American, 1835"}

\`\`\`abc {alt="Amazing Grace: melody in G major in three-four time, with chord symbols and the first verse"}
X:1
T:Amazing Grace
C:Tune New Britain
M:3/4
L:1/4
K:G
D | "G"G2 (B/G/) | B2 "D7"A | "Em"G2 "C"E | "G"D2 D | G2 (B/G/) | B2 "D7"A | "G"d2 B | (d3/2 B/) (d/B/) | G2 D | "C"(E3/2 G/) (G/E/) | "G"D2 D | "Em"G2 "G"(B/G/) | B2 "D7"A | "G"G3 |]
w: A-maz-ing   grace! How sweet the sound, that saved a   wretch like me! I once   was   lost, but now   am   found, was blind, but   now I see.
\`\`\`

:::verse{style="verse"}
**2** ’Twas grace that taught my heart to fear,
  And grace my fears reliev’d;
How precious did that grace appear
  The hour I first believ’d!

**3** Thro’ many dangers, toils, and snares,
  I have already come;
’Tis grace hath brought me safe thus far,
  And grace will lead me home.

**4** The Lord has promis’d good to me,
  His word my hope secures;
He will my shield and portion be
  As long as life endures.
:::

# Clementine {credit="Words and music Percy Montrose, 1884"}

\`\`\`abc {alt="Clementine: melody in F major in three-four time, with chord symbols and the first verse"}
X:2
T:Clementine
C:Percy Montrose
M:3/4
L:1/8
K:F
F>F | "F"F2 C2 A>A | A2 F2 F>A | c3 c "C7"B>A | G4 G>A | B2 B2 A>G | "F"A2 F2 F>A | "C7"G3 C E>G | "F"F4 |]
w: In a cav-ern, in a can-yon, ex-ca-vat-ing for a mine, dwelt a min-er, for-ty-nin-er, and his daugh-ter Clem-en-tine.
\`\`\`

:::verse{style="chorus" align=start}
**Chorus** Oh my darling, oh my darling,
  Oh my darling Clementine,
You are lost and gone for ever,
  Dreadful sorry, Clementine.
:::

:::columns{count=2 gap=4mm}
:::verse{style="verse" align=start}
**2** Light she was and like a fairy,
  And her shoes were number nine,
Herring boxes without topses,
  Sandals were for Clementine.
:::

:::verse{style="verse" align=start}
**3** Drove she ducklings to the water
  Every morning just at nine,
Hit her foot against a splinter,
  Fell into the foaming brine.
:::

:::verse{style="verse" align=start}
**4** Ruby lips above the water,
  Blowing bubbles soft and fine,
But alas, I was no swimmer,
  So I lost my Clementine.
:::

:::verse{style="verse" align=start}
**5** How I missed her, how I missed her,
  How I missed my Clementine,
Till I kissed her little sister
  And forgot my Clementine.
:::
:::

# Auld Lang Syne {credit="Words Robert Burns, 1788 · Tune Scots, printed 1799"}

\`\`\`abc {alt="Auld Lang Syne: melody in G major in four-four time, verse and chorus, with chord symbols and the words"}
X:3
T:Auld Lang Syne
C:Scots tune
M:4/4
L:1/4
K:G
D | "G"G>G G B | "D7"A>G A B | "G"G>G B d | "C"e3 e | "G"d>B B G | "D7"A>G A B | "Em"(G>E) "C"(E "D7"D) | "G"G3 e |
w: Should auld ac-quaint-ance be for-got, and nev-er brought to mind? Should auld ac-quaint-ance be for-got, and auld   lang   syne! For
"G"(d>B) (B G) | "D7"A>G A e | "G"(d>B) (B d) | "C"e3 e | "G"d>B B G | "D7"A>G A B | "Em"(G>E) "C"(E "D7"D) | "G"G3 |]
w: auld   lang   syne, my jo, for auld   lang   syne, we’ll tak’ a cup o’ kind-ness yet, for auld   lang   syne.
\`\`\`

:::columns{count=2 gap=4mm}
:::verse{style="verse" align=start}
**2** And surely ye’ll be your pint-stoup!
  And surely I’ll be mine!
And we’ll tak’ a cup o’ kindness yet,
  For auld lang syne.
:::

:::verse{style="verse" align=start}
**3** We twa hae run about the braes,
  And pou’d the gowans fine;
But we’ve wander’d mony a weary fit,
  Sin’ auld lang syne.
:::

:::verse{style="verse" align=start}
**4** We twa hae paidl’d in the burn,
  Frae morning sun till dine;
But seas between us braid hae roar’d
  Sin’ auld lang syne.
:::

:::verse{style="verse" align=start}
**5** And there’s a hand, my trusty fiere!
  And gie’s a hand o’ thine!
And we’ll tak’ a right gude-willie waught,
  For auld lang syne.
:::
:::

# Notes on the songs {style="back"}

## Amazing Grace

John Newton, curate of Olney in Buckinghamshire, wrote the hymn for his New Year’s Day sermon of 1773 and printed it in *Olney Hymns* in 1779. Nobody knows what the parish sang it to. William Walker first set it to *New Britain* in *Southern Harmony* in 1835, and the melody here follows the setting Edwin O. Excell printed in 1900, which most American hymnals still use. The three verses after the first keep Newton’s spelling.

## Clementine

Oliver Ditson of Boston published the song in 1884 with words by Percy Montrose, and a sheet of 1885 gives it to Barker Bradford. Both drew on an older song, *Down by the River Liv’d a Maiden*, printed in 1863. Sing the chorus after every verse, and slow down for the last one.

## Auld Lang Syne

Burns sent the song to *The Scots Musical Museum* in 1788 as an old song he had taken down from an old man’s singing. It went to another tune at first; the one sung today appeared with the words in George Thomson’s *Select Songs of Scotland* in 1799. Sing the chorus after each verse. At the last chorus the company crosses arms and joins hands round the table.

:::paragraphs{style="colophon"}
Set in Spectral, Spectral SC and Fraunces (SIL Open Font License); music in Leland. Words and tunes in the public domain. Hollis & Rowe is an imprint invented for this example.
:::
`; // content.<lang>.md, inlined by the Cookbook

// ─── 3 · Fonts ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const FONTS = {
  Spectral: ['400', '400i', '600', '700', '700i'], // 700: stanza numbers, the Chorus label
  'Spectral SC': ['400', '600'],
  Fraunces: ['600'],
};

// ─── 4 · Build & show ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
await initMusicEngine(); // Verovio, from esm.sh: until it runs, a score is a grey box
const doc = await buildDocumentWithFonts({ markdown }, config, kitFonts(FONTS));
showPages(doc, { title: t({ en: 'Songs for the Long Table', es: 'Cancionero de la merienda' }) });
offerPdf(() => renderToPdf(doc, { fontProvider: fontsourceProvider }), `${RECIPE}.pdf`);

// ─── Kit ── helpers shared by every Cookbook recipe · postext.dev/cookbook ─────

// ─── Kit · core v1 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
function mm(value) { return { value, unit: 'mm' }; }
function pt(value) { return { value, unit: 'pt' }; }
function em(value) { return { value, unit: 'em' }; }
/** The sample language's string: t({ en: 'Figure', es: 'Figura' }). */
function t(strings) { return strings[LANG] ?? Object.values(strings)[0]; }
/** A file in this recipe's assets folder, served from the Postext repo by jsDelivr. */
function asset(file) { return `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/drnachio/postext@main/cookbook/${RECIPE}/assets/${file}`; }

// ─── Kit · fonts v3 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
// Postext loads the faces a config asks for before layout (prepareFonts,
// buildDocumentWithFonts) and asks the kit for the files: Fontsource's, the
// files the PDF embeds too.

/** The options of buildDocumentWithFonts / prepareFonts / withLoadedFonts:
 *  the Fontsource resolver, and the faces of FONTS loaded with the ones the
 *  config names. FONTS = { 'Family Name': ['400', '400i', '700'] }. */
function kitFonts(FONTS = {}) {
  const faces = Object.entries(FONTS).flatMap(([family, specs]) => specs.map((spec) =>
    ({ family, weight: parseInt(spec, 10), style: spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal' })));
  return { resolve: fontsourceResolver, faces };
}

/** A face's Fontsource files, in a fixed order: latin, then latin-ext and greek
 *  when `text` needs them and the family ships them (kitSubsetsFor), each with
 *  its unicode-range. Null for a weight or slant Fontsource does not ship. */
async function fontsourceResolver(family, weight, style, { text = '' } = {}) {
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  if (meta && !(meta.weights.includes(weight) && meta.styles.includes(style))) return null;
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  const at = await fontsourceAt(id);
  return ['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)].map((subset) => ({
    source: `${at}files/${id}-${subset}-${weight}-${style}.woff2`,
    unicodeRange: kitRanges()[subset],
  }));
}

/** The unicode-range of each Fontsource file the kit loads (a function: the
 *  kit is inlined after the pen's code, which runs before a const would be set). */
function kitRanges() {
  return {
    latin: 'U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,'
      + 'U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD',
    'latin-ext': 'U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,'
      + 'U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF',
    greek: 'U+0370-03FF',
  };
}

/** For the cjk, arabic and comics blocks, which add their own files: the
 *  faces of `faces` = { 'Family Name': ['400', '400i', '700'] }. `text` is the sample:
 *  č ł † α χ also load latin-ext and greek files (kitSubsetsFor). With
 *  `optional`, a face Fontsource does not ship is skipped instead of failing.
 *  The files are added once all have loaded, in the order asked (latin, then
 *  latin-ext, then greek), whatever order they arrive in: the last one added
 *  wins a character two files hold. Resolves to the number of faces added. */
async function loadFonts(faces, text = '', { optional = false } = {}) {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  const ranges = kitRanges();
  const jobs = [];
  for (const [family, specs] of Object.entries(faces)) {
    const id = fontsourceId(family);
    const todo = [...new Set(specs)].map((spec) => [parseInt(spec, 10), spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal'])
      .filter(([weight, style]) => !hasFace(family, weight, style)); // before any await
    const at = fontsourceAt(id);
    const meta = optional || /[^\0-ÿ]/u.test(text) ? await fontsourceMeta(family) : null;
    const subsets = ['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)];
    for (const [weight, style] of todo) {
      if (optional && !(meta?.weights.includes(weight) && meta.styles.includes(style))) continue;
      for (const subset of subsets) {
        const url = `${await at}files/${id}-${subset}-${weight}-${style}.woff2`;
        const face = new FontFace(family, `url(${url}) format('woff2')`,
          { weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: ranges[subset] });
        jobs.push(face.load().catch(() => {
          if (subset === 'latin' && !optional) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${weight} ${style}`);
        }));
      }
    }
  }
  const ready = await Promise.all(jobs).catch((error) => { kitFail(error); throw error; });
  return ready.filter((face) => face && document.fonts.add(face)).length;
}

/** A loaded FontFace covers this family, weight and style (fonts.check() would
 *  also say yes for families nobody declared). */
function hasFace(family, weight, style) {
  for (const face of document.fonts) {
    if (face.status !== 'loaded' || face.style !== style) continue;
    if (face.family.replace(/^["']|["']$/g, '') !== family) continue;
    const [low, high = low] = face.weight.split(' ').map(Number);
    if (weight >= low && weight <= high) return true;
  }
  return false;
}

/** The files beyond latin `text` needs that `meta`'s family ships. */
function kitSubsetsFor(text, meta) {
  return [[/[Ā-˿ᴀ-ᶿḀ-ỿ†ℓⱠ-Ɀ꜠-ꟿ]/u, 'latin-ext'], [/[Ͱ-Ͽ]/u, 'greek']]
    .filter(([re, x]) => re.test(text) && meta?.subsets?.includes(x)).map(([, x]) => x);
}

/** Fontsource's id for a family: 'Source Serif 4' → 'source-serif-4'. */
function fontsourceId(family) { return family.toLowerCase().replace(/\s+/g, '-'); }

/** A package's folder at the one version @5 names now (#766). */
function fontsourceAt(id, u = `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fontsource/${id}@`) {
  return (fontsourceAt.c ??= {})[id] ??= fetch(u + '5/package.json').then((r) => r.json())
    .then((p) => p.version || 5, () => 5).then((v) => `${u}${v}/`);
}

/** The family's Fontsource metadata (weights, styles, subsets), or null. */
function fontsourceMeta(family) {
  fontsourceMeta.cache ??= new Map();
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  if (!fontsourceMeta.cache.has(id)) {
    fontsourceMeta.cache.set(id, fetch(`https://api.fontsource.org/v1/fonts/${id}`)
      .then((res) => (res.ok ? res.json() : null), () => null));
  }
  return fontsourceMeta.cache.get(id);
}

// ─── Kit · viewer v2 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
/** The pages as spreads on a dark desk, page 1 alone, then verso | recto,
 *  each painted when it scrolls near. Other options go to renderPageToCanvas. */
function showPages(docs, { title, width = 460, ...render } = {}) {
  const root = viewer(title);
  const pages = [docs].flat().flatMap((doc) =>
    doc.pages.map((page) => ({ doc, page, n: (doc.pageIndexOffset ?? 0) + page.index })));
  const spreads = [];
  let verso = null;
  for (const p of pages) {
    if (p.n % 2 === 1) { if (verso) spreads.push([verso, null]); verso = p; }
    else { spreads.push([verso, p]); verso = null; }
  }
  if (verso) spreads.push([verso, null]);
  const density = Math.min(window.devicePixelRatio || 1, 2);
  showPages.painter?.disconnect();
  const painter = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {
    for (const { isIntersecting, target } of entries) {
      if (!isIntersecting) continue;
      painter.unobserve(target);
      const { doc, page } = target.postext;
      renderPageToCanvas(page, doc, target, { ...render, scale: (width * density) / page.width });
    }
  }, { rootMargin: '800px' });
  showPages.painter = painter;
  root.replaceChildren(...spreads.map((pair) => {
    const spread = document.createElement('div');
    spread.className = 'pt-spread';
    for (const p of pair) {
      const figure = document.createElement('figure');
      if (p) {
        const label = p.page.pageLabel || String(p.n + 1);
        const canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
        canvas.postext = p;
        canvas.style.aspectRatio = `${p.page.width} / ${p.page.height}`;
        canvas.setAttribute('role', 'img');
        canvas.setAttribute('aria-label', `Page ${label}`);
        const folio = document.createElement('figcaption');
        folio.textContent = label;
        figure.append(canvas, folio);
        painter.observe(canvas);
      } else figure.className = 'pt-blank';
      spread.append(figure);
    }
    return spread;
  }));
  kitStatus(`${pages.length} ${pages.length === 1 ? 'page' : 'pages'}`);
  document.documentElement.dataset.postext = 'ready';
  return pages.length;
}

/** The desk, the bar and the error reporting, created once. */
function viewer(title) {
  if (!document.getElementById('pt-kit')) {
    document.head.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', `<style id="pt-kit">
      :root { color-scheme: dark; }
      body { margin: 0; background: #0e1014; color: #b9bcc4; font: 13px/1.45 system-ui, sans-serif; }
      #pt-bar { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 1; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center;
        gap: 6px 16px; padding: 10px 16px; background: rgb(14 16 20 / .92); backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
        border-bottom: 1px solid #23262d; }
      #pt-bar strong { color: #f4f1ea; font-weight: 600; }
      #pt-actions { display: flex; gap: 12px; margin-left: auto; }
      #pt-actions a, #pt-actions button { color: #d8a21a; font: inherit; background: none; border: 0; padding: 0; cursor: pointer; }
      #pages { display: grid; justify-items: center; gap: 48px; padding: 32px 16px 72px; }
      .pt-spread { display: flex; }
      .pt-spread figure { margin: 0; width: min(460px, 44vw); }
      .pt-spread canvas { display: block; width: 100%; background: #fff;
        box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
      .pt-spread figure:first-child canvas { box-shadow: inset -14px 0 14px -14px rgb(0 0 0 / .18), 0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
      .pt-spread figcaption { margin-top: 10px; text-align: center; font: 600 10px/1 system-ui, sans-serif;
        letter-spacing: .18em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #6c7079; }
      .pt-blank { visibility: hidden; }
      @media (max-width: 760px) {
        .pt-spread { flex-direction: column; gap: 32px; }
        .pt-spread figure { width: min(460px, 92vw); }
        .pt-blank { display: none; }
      }
    </style>`);
    document.body.insertAdjacentHTML('afterbegin',
      '<header id="pt-bar"><strong id="pt-title"></strong><span id="pt-status" role="status"></span><span id="pt-actions"></span></header>');
    document.getElementById('pt-title').textContent = document.title || 'Postext';
    addEventListener('error', (event) => kitFail(event.error ?? event.message));
    addEventListener('unhandledrejection', (event) => kitFail(event.reason));
  }
  if (title) document.getElementById('pt-title').textContent = title;
  return document.getElementById('pages')
    ?? document.body.appendChild(Object.assign(document.createElement('main'), { id: 'pages' }));
}

function kitStatus(text) {
  viewer();
  document.getElementById('pt-status').textContent = text;
}

function kitFail(error) {
  document.documentElement.dataset.postext = 'error';
  kitStatus(`Error: ${error?.message ?? error}`);
}

// ─── Kit · pdf v3 ── the same in every recipe that exports a PDF
/** The Fontsource files the screen used, as TrueType, with their range and
 *  place: the nearest weight the family ships, upright with no italic;
 *  latin, then what its letters need (kitSubsetsFor). */
async function fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style, request) {
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const weights = meta?.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const s = style === 'italic' && meta && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const text = String.fromCodePoint(...(request?.codePoints ?? []));
  const files = await Promise.all(['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)].map(async (subset, order) => {
    const res = await fetch(`${await fontsourceAt(id)}files/${id}-${subset}-${w}-${s}.woff2`);
    if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${w} ${s} ${subset}`);
    return Object.assign(await decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer())),
      { unicodeRange: kitRanges()[subset], order });
  }));
  return files.length === 1 ? files[0] : files;
}

/** A "Build the PDF" button; then "Open the PDF" (a new tab: CodePen's frame
 *  shows no PDFs) and a download link. */
function offerPdf(makePdf, filename) {
  viewer();
  const button = Object.assign(document.createElement('button'), { type: 'button', textContent: 'Build the PDF' });
  button.dataset.postextPdf = filename;
  button.addEventListener('click', async () => {
    button.disabled = true;
    button.textContent = 'Building the PDF…';
    try {
      const bytes = await makePdf();
      const url = URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([bytes], { type: 'application/pdf' }));
      const size = `${Math.max(1, Math.round(bytes.length / 1024))} KB`;
      button.replaceWith(
        Object.assign(document.createElement('a'), { href: url, target: '_blank', rel: 'noopener', textContent: 'Open the PDF ↗' }),
        Object.assign(document.createElement('a'), { href: url, download: filename, textContent: `Download ${filename} · ${size}` }));
    } catch (error) {
      button.disabled = false;
      button.textContent = 'Build the PDF';
      kitFail(error);
    }
  });
  document.getElementById('pt-actions').append(button);
}

// ─── /Kit ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
````

## Varianten

### In Bravura stechen

Bravura hat kräftigere Notenköpfe und wirkt wie von einer gestochenen Platte gedruckt; sie passt zu einem Gesangbuch in einer dunkleren Textschrift.

```diff
-  musicFont: 'Leland', // lighter noteheads than Bravura, close to Spectral's colour
+  musicFont: 'Bravura',
```

### Die Takte nummerieren

Ein Chor probt nach Taktzahlen; drucken Sie eine am Anfang jedes Systems.

```diff
-  barNumbers: 'none', // a table of singers counts verses, not bars
+  barNumbers: 'system',
```

## Häufige Fehler

- **Ein Überschriftenformat erbt den Seitenumbruch seiner Ebene.** Ein Eintrag in headingStyles übernimmt jedes Feld, das er auslässt, von seiner Überschriftenebene, breakBefore eingeschlossen. Ein Inhaltsverzeichnis oder Impressum, das nach einem :::pagebreak über eine H1 gestaltet wird, erbt die Parität 'odd' und landet hinter einer Vakatseite. Geben Sie einem solchen Format breakBefore: { enabled: false }.

- Der ABC-Leser von Verovio übergeht die Haltezeichen `_` und `*` einer `w:`-Zeile: Jede Note nimmt die nächste Silbe. Schreiben Sie unter die zweite Note eines Bogens ein geschütztes Leerzeichen (U+00A0) als eigene Silbe; es druckt nichts. Übergebundene Noten bekommen keine Silbe.
- `~` verbindet zwei Silben unter einer Note (`de~a-trás`), aber der Notenstecher druckt sie mit einem normalen Leerzeichen, ohne Verbindungsbogen.
- Schreiben Sie Akkordnamen möglichst ohne ♭ oder ♯: Die meisten Textschriften haben diese Zeichen nicht, und die Seite weicht auf eine Systemschrift aus. Wählen Sie Tonarten, deren Akkorde ohne Vorzeichen auskommen (G, C, D7, Em), oder nennen Sie B-Dur im Fließtext mit Worten.

## Nachweise

- Rezept: Ignacio Ferro ([@drnachio](https://github.com/drnachio))
- Text: Amazing Grace: words (1779, five of the six stanzas, in the Olney Hymns spelling): John Newton ([Quelle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazing_Grace)), gemeinfrei
- Text: Amazing Grace: the tune New Britain (Southern Harmony, 1835), melody as in E. O. Excell's setting of 1900, chord symbols added: Traditional American; William Walker; Edwin O. Excell ([Quelle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazing_Grace)), gemeinfrei
- Text: Oh My Darling, Clementine: words and tune (Oliver Ditson, Boston, 1884): Percy Montrose ([Quelle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oh_My_Darling,_Clementine)), gemeinfrei
- Text: Auld Lang Syne: words (1788) and the Scots tune of George Thomson's Select Songs of Scotland (1799): Robert Burns; traditional ([Quelle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auld_Lang_Syne)), gemeinfrei
- Text: Cumpleaños feliz: the tune of Good Morning to All (Song Stories for the Kindergarten, Chicago, 1893); Spanish words traditional: Mildred J. Hill; traditional ([Quelle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happy_Birthday_to_You)), gemeinfrei
- Text: Martinillo: the French tune of Frère Jacques (18th century) with the traditional Spanish words: Traditional ([Quelle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A8re_Jacques)), gemeinfrei
- Text: La cucaracha: tune, chorus and verse as in the Spanish Wikipedia transcription; two traditional Mexican coplas: Traditional ([Quelle](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_cucaracha)), gemeinfrei
- Text: The preface, the notes on the songs and the chord symbols: Ignacio Ferro, CC-BY-4.0
- Schrift: Spectral (OFL-1.1), Spectral SC (OFL-1.1), Fraunces (OFL-1.1)
- Code: MIT · Beispielinhalt: CC-BY-4.0

## Verwandte Rezepte

- [Nº 015 · Gedichte, Zeile für Zeile gesetzt](https://postext.dev/de/cookbook/poetry-collection.md): Jedes Gedicht ist ein Block :::verse, geschrieben wie gedruckt: Die Einzüge von 1918 sind Leerzeichen, Folgezeilen hängen 2 em ein, Leerzeilen trennen Strophen. · Stufe 2 (Mittel) · Lyrik
- [Nº 044 · Kritische Ausgabe: Zeilenzählung und Noten nach Zeilen](https://postext.dev/de/cookbook/critical-edition-line-numbers.md): Miltons „Lycidas“ im Text von 1645: lineNumbers setzt jede fünfte Zeilennummer in die Seitenspalte, und jede Note beginnt mit ihrer Zeilennummer als Chip. · Stufe 3 (Fortgeschritten) · Lyrik
- [Nº 083 · Tang-Gedichte gegenüber ihren englischen Versen](https://postext.dev/de/cookbook/tang-poems-facing-english.md): Jedes Tang-Gedicht eröffnet eine getönte rechte Seite, Giles’ Englisch die linke gegenüber: Ein Stil bricht auf gerade Seiten um, der andere auf ungerade. · Stufe 2 (Mittel) · Lyrik