# Un cahier japonais aux corrigés imprimés à l’envers

> Deux pages d’une série de cahiers d’exercices japonais, le calcul à l’horizontale et les kanji en colonnes, chaque exercice suivi de son corrigé à l’envers.

- Version HTML: https://postext.dev/fr/cookbook/japanese-drill-upside-down-answers
- Recette Nº 172 · Manuels scolaires · Niveau 2 (Intermédiaire) · Sorties: Canvas, PDF
- Genres: Cahiers et exercices, Manuels scolaires
- Nécessite postext ≥ 1.59.0, postext-pdf ≥ 1.59.0 · testée avec 1.59.0, postext-pdf 1.59.0 le 2026-10-24
- Pages: [1](https://postext.dev/cookbook/japanese-drill-upside-down-answers/ja/p01.webp?v=4fd772fe), [2](https://postext.dev/cookbook/japanese-drill-upside-down-answers/ja/p02.webp?v=4fd772fe), [1](https://postext.dev/cookbook/japanese-drill-upside-down-answers/ja/p03.webp?v=4fd772fe), [2](https://postext.dev/cookbook/japanese-drill-upside-down-answers/ja/p04.webp?v=4fd772fe)
- Ouvrir dans le Sandbox: https://postext.dev/fr/sandbox#recipe=japanese-drill-upside-down-answers&lang=ja (.postext: https://postext.dev/cookbook/japanese-drill-upside-down-answers/ja/japanese-drill-upside-down-answers.postext)
- Dernière mise à jour: 2026-10-24
- Autres langues: [en](https://postext.dev/en/cookbook/japanese-drill-upside-down-answers.md), [es](https://postext.dev/es/cookbook/japanese-drill-upside-down-answers.md), [ca](https://postext.dev/ca/cookbook/japanese-drill-upside-down-answers.md), [de](https://postext.dev/de/cookbook/japanese-drill-upside-down-answers.md), [it](https://postext.dev/it/cookbook/japanese-drill-upside-down-answers.md), [pt](https://postext.dev/pt/cookbook/japanese-drill-upside-down-answers.md), [zh](https://postext.dev/zh/cookbook/japanese-drill-upside-down-answers.md), [ja](https://postext.dev/ja/cookbook/japanese-drill-upside-down-answers.md), [ar](https://postext.dev/ar/cookbook/japanese-drill-upside-down-answers.md)

## En bref

Un cahier d’école japonais : opérations, cases, choix et vrai ou faux sur une page, kanji et lectures de haut en bas sur une autre. Sous chaque exercice, le corrigé est imprimé à l’envers ; l’enfant retourne le cahier pour vérifier.

## Ce que vous allez composer

Deux pages d’une série de cahiers d’exercices de CE2, au format B5. La page de calcul se lit à l’horizontale : une bande bleu pâle avec la pastille de la matière, le titre et un tanuki en mascotte, une ligne pour le nom et une case pour la note, puis des ひっ算 (opérations posées) avec une case pour chaque chiffre du résultat, des cases à remplir après six calculs, des choix ア イ ウ sur une ligne, des affirmations ○× avec une parenthèse en fin de ligne et deux problèmes avec des lignes pour poser le calcul. La page de kanji est composée comme on imprime un cahier de 国語, de haut en bas et de droite à gauche : des lectures avec une case pour le kanji, des mots soulignés dont la lecture va entre parenthèses, des choix à entourer et un sens à trouver. Sous chaque exercice, le corrigé est imprimé à l’envers en petits caractères gris. L’enfant voit où il se trouve, ne peut pas le lire d’un coup d’œil et retourne le cahier pour vérifier.

**Cette recette répond à:**

- Comment imprimer le corrigé à l’envers sous chaque exercice d’un cahier japonais ?
- Comment composer une page d'exercices japonaise en colonnes verticales avec la même maquette que la page horizontale ?
- Comment composer la division posée comme l'écrivent les écoles de chaque pays ?

## La réponse courte

```js
// script.js, lignes 35–55
// `placement: 'inverted'` sets each exercise's key right after it in a box turned 180°: the
// pupil sees where the answers are without reading them, and turns the book to check. The
// key's words come from the exercise (the options' katakana, ○ and ×, the operations), so
// the Markdown holds nothing twice.
const drill = {
  id: 'drill',
  number: { shape: 'square', fontFamily: TEXT, fontWeight: 600, background: col('blue') },
  instruction: { fontFamily: ROUND, bold: false },
  options: { layout: 'row' }, // ア イ ウ side by side (the default labels in Japanese)
  trueFalse: { look: 'bracket' }, // （　） for ○ or ×
  blank: { look: 'box', width: 'answer', color: col('rule') }, // □ to write in
  area: { kind: 'lines', color: col('rule') },
  grid: { rule: col('rule') },
  solutions: { placement: 'inverted', box: 'kotae' },
  marginTop: em(1.1), marginBottom: em(0.4),
};
const kotae = { id: 'kotae', title: '', backgroundEnabled: false, border: { enabled: false },
  padding: { top: pt(0), right: pt(0), bottom: pt(0), left: pt(0) },
  body: { fontFamily: ROUND, fontSize: pt(8), lineHeight: pt(12), color: col('muted'),
    firstLineIndent: pt(0) },
  marginTop: mm(1), marginBottom: mm(2), keepTogether: true };
```

## Ingrédients

**Enseigne**

- [Corrigés](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/exercises.md#solutions): Où s'impriment les corrigés : nulle part, après chaque exercice, à l'envers à son pied, en fin de chapitre ou là où se trouve une ligne :::solutions.
- [Styles d'exercice](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/exercises.md#styles-dexercice): exerciseStyles : la mise en page d'une famille d'exercices : le numéro (pastille, carré, intitulé), la consigne, les lettres des options, les blancs, les cases vrai/faux, les points à relier, la banque de mots, les zones d'écriture, les grilles, les pictogrammes d'activité et la difficulté.
- [Texte vertical](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/configuration-page-layout.md#écriture-verticale): Le chinois et le japonais composés de haut en bas en lignes lues depuis la droite (layout.writingMode 'vertical-rl'), avec les colonnes en étages, les figures et les tableaux droits et la ponctuation sous ses formes verticales.

**Utilise aussi**

- [Exercices](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/exercises.md#exercices)
- [Opérations posées](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/exercises.md#opérations-posées)
- [Textes à trous et banques de mots](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/exercises.md#textes-à-trous-et-banques-de-mots)
- [Choix et vrai ou faux](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/exercises.md#choix-multiple-et-vrai-ou-faux)
- [Questions ouvertes et zones d'écriture](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/exercises.md#questions-ouvertes-et-zones-décriture)
- [Kana, kanji et rōmaji](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/japanese-layout.md#kanji-kana-et-rōmaji)
- [Polices chinoises, japonaises et coréennes](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#polices-chinoises-japonaises-et-coréennes)
- [Traits latéraux (bōsen)](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/japanese-layout.md#traits-latéraux-bōsen)
- [Livres reliés à droite](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/configuration-page-layout.md#reliure)
- [Pastilles dans le texte](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/configuration-styles.md#styles-de-pastille)
- [Trois colonnes ou plus](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/configuration-page-layout.md#types-de-mise-en-page)
- [Ouvertures composées](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/configuration-headings.md#étendue-et-maquette-avancée)
- [Attributs de titre](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/document-format.md#attributs-de-titre)
- [Images dans les maquettes de page](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/configuration-headers-footers.md#éléments-image)
- [Ancrer les éléments de maquette](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/configuration-headers-footers.md#placement-des-éléments)
- [Palette de couleurs sémantique](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/configuration-fonts-colors-viewers.md#palette-de-couleurs)
- [Export PDF](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#générer-des-pdf)
- [Colonnes dans un encadré ou dans le texte](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/document-format-directives.md#columns)
- [Encadrés qui se coupent ou restent entiers](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/configuration-callouts.md#le-conteneur-callout)
- [Coupure des lignes en chinois](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/configuration-east-asian.md#typographie-dasie-de-lest)
- [Équilibrage des colonnes](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/configuration-page-flow.md#équilibrage-des-colonnes)
- [Styles de paragraphe](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/configuration-styles.md#styles-de-paragraphe)
- [Polices intégrées au PDF](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#pourquoi-un-fournisseur-de-polices)
- [Figures et tableaux comme ressources](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/document-format-resources.md#ressources)

**La configuration en un coup d’œil**

- [`bodyText`](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/configuration-text.md#texte-courant), [`calloutStyles`](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/configuration-callouts.md#styles-dencadré), [`chipStyles`](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/configuration-styles.md#styles-de-pastille), [`colorPalette`](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/configuration-fonts-colors-viewers.md#palette-de-couleurs), `exerciseStyles`, [`footer`](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/configuration-headers-footers.md#en-têtes-et-pieds-de-page), [`header`](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/configuration-headers-footers.md#en-têtes-et-pieds-de-page), [`headings`](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/configuration-headings.md#titres), [`layout`](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/configuration-page-layout.md#mise-en-page), [`locale`](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/configuration-language.md#césure), [`orderedLists`](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/configuration-lists-math.md#listes-numérotées), [`page`](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/configuration-page-layout.md#page), [`paragraphStyles`](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/configuration-styles.md#styles-de-paragraphe)

**API**

- [`buildDocument`](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/configuration-programmatic-usage.md#construire-un-document), [`decompressWoff2`](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#fournisseur-de-polices-dans-le-navigateur-fontsource--woff2), `loadVerticalAlternates`, [`registerResourceImage`](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/architecture.md#surface-de-lapi), [`renderPageToCanvas`](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/configuration-programmatic-usage.md#rendre-une-page-en-bitmap), [`renderToPdf`](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#générer-des-pdf), [`withLoadedFonts`](https://postext.dev/fr/docs/configuration-programmatic-usage.md#charger-les-polices-avant-la-mise-en-page)

**Caractères**

- Klee One (OFL-1.1), Zen Maru Gothic (OFL-1.1)

## Préparation

### 1 · Retourner le corrigé de chaque exercice

Le code est dans [la réponse courte](https://postext.dev/fr/cookbook/japanese-drill-upside-down-answers.md#la-réponse-courte) plus haut. `placement: 'inverted'` place le corrigé après chaque exercice dans un encadré tourné de 180°, et cet encadré se loge dans celui de l’exercice : un saut de page ne sépare donc jamais les deux. Le corrigé est tiré de l’exercice : les opérations avec leur résultat, le katakana de la bonne réponse, ○ et ×, les mots des trous. Le style d’encadré du corrigé, `kotae`, se contente de composer le texte en petit et en gris.

### 2 · Une bande pour une page horizontale et une page verticale

```js
// script.js, lignes 59–76
// A heading design on a vertical page is laid along its column: x runs down the page and y
// to the left, so the same band stands at the right edge, from head to foot.
const BAND = 30; // mm: the band's depth (its height across, its width down)
const header = { enabled: true, minHeight: mm(BAND + 3), slot: { elements: [
  { kind: 'box', id: 'band', reserve: false, style: { backgroundColor: col('tint'),
    borderRadius: mm(4) }, placement: { anchor: { to: 'container', edge: 'top-left' },
    size: { width: 'fill', height: mm(BAND) } } },
  { kind: 'image', id: 'mascot', resourceId: '{attr.pic}', decorative: true, reserve: false,
    placement: { anchor: { to: 'container', edge: 'top-right' }, offset: { x: mm(-4), y: mm(1) },
      size: { width: mm(28), height: mm(28) } } },
  { kind: 'text', id: 'subject', content: '{attr.kicker}', fontFamily: ROUND, fontSize: pt(10),
    fontWeight: 700, color: col('ink'), box: { backgroundColor: col('sun'), borderRadius: mm(3),
      padding: { top: mm(0.6), bottom: mm(0.6), left: mm(2.4), right: mm(2.4) } },
    placement: { anchor: { to: 'container', edge: 'top-left' }, offset: { x: mm(5), y: mm(5) } } },
  { kind: 'text', id: 'title', content: '{titleText}', fontFamily: ROUND, fontSize: pt(20),
    fontWeight: 700, color: col('ink'),
    placement: { anchor: { to: '#subject', edge: 'below' }, offset: { x: mm(0), y: mm(2.5) } } },
] } };
```

Sur une page verticale, une maquette de titre se pose le long de sa colonne : x descend la page et y va vers la gauche. La bande ancrée en `top-left` sur toute la largeur se tient en haut de la page de calcul et le long du bord droit de la page de kanji ; la mascotte ancrée en `top-right` se place au bout de la bande sur les deux pages. Rien dans la maquette ne nomme une direction.

### 3 · Deux cahiers pour un seul texte

```js
// script.js, lignes 271–279
// Two drill books of one series: arithmetic across, bound on the left; kanji in columns,
// bound on the right (vertical text binds there by itself).
const [sansu, kokugo] = markdown.split(/(?=^# 春のことば)/m);
const build = (text) => withLoadedFonts(() => buildDocument({ markdown: text, resources },
  config()), { ...kitFonts(FONTS), text: markdown });
const across = await build(sansu);
// 国語 is set in columns, top to bottom, right to left: the same design, turned.
writingMode = 'vertical-rl';
const docs = [across, await build(kokugo)];
```

La configuration est une fonction : chaque composition reçoit son propre objet, et seul `writingMode` change entre les deux. Composé à la verticale, le cahier de 国語 se relie à droite de lui-même ; `showBook` place chaque cahier de son côté du dos. Le texte est composé en Klee One, un caractère de manuel scolaire, et les étiquettes en Zen Maru Gothic ; les deux chargent leur ponctuation verticale pour les parenthèses de la page de kanji.

## La recette complète

Un seul fichier, composé à partir du dossier de la recette avec le texte d’exemple et le kit commun des Recettes déjà inclus ; il construit sa propre page. Pour l’exécuter, placez-le dans un `<script type="module">` d’une page vide ou collez-le dans le panneau JS d’un nouveau pen CodePen (en tant que module). Il importe postext depuis esm.sh : il n’y a rien à installer ni à compiler.

- Dossier de la recette: https://github.com/drnachio/postext/tree/main/cookbook/japanese-drill-upside-down-answers

### script.js

```js
// ═══ Postext Cookbook · Nº 172 · A Japanese drill with the answers upside down ═══
// https://postext.dev/en/cookbook/japanese-drill-upside-down-answers
// Code: MIT · Text: original (CC BY 4.0) · Pictures: generated with diffusion models
// Fonts: Klee One, Zen Maru Gothic (SIL OFL 1.1) · Needs postext ≥ 1.59.0
import {
  buildDocument, withLoadedFonts, renderPageToCanvas, registerResourceImage,
  loadVerticalAlternates,
} from 'https://esm.sh/postext';
import { renderToPdf, decompressWoff2 } from 'https://esm.sh/postext-pdf';

const LANG = 'ja'; // @lang: the language of the frame; the drill is Japanese in all
const RECIPE = 'japanese-drill-upside-down-answers';

// ─── 1 · Design ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// #region palette: a drill book's blue, a warm yellow and a pale sky for the band
const palette = {
  ink: '#23272c', // text
  blue: '#2a6cb0', // the accent: exercise numbers, the title band's rule, the score box
  sun: '#f2c14e', // the subject badge
  tint: '#eaf2fb', // the title band
  rule: '#a8bfd8', // writing lines and boxes
  muted: '#69717b', // folios, the name line, the upside-down answers
  paper: '#ffffff',
};
const col = (id) => ({ hex: palette[id], model: 'hex', paletteId: id });
const colorPalette = [
  ...Object.entries(palette).map(([id, hex]) => ({ id, name: id, value: { hex, model: 'hex' } })),
  { id: 'main-color', name: 'accent (defaults)', value: { hex: palette.blue, model: 'hex' } },
];
// #endregion
// 教科書体 for the text a child copies from, a round gothic for the labels.
const [TEXT, ROUND] = ['Klee One', 'Zen Maru Gothic'];

// #region answer: the answers printed upside down under each exercise
// `placement: 'inverted'` sets each exercise's key right after it in a box turned 180°: the
// pupil sees where the answers are without reading them, and turns the book to check. The
// key's words come from the exercise (the options' katakana, ○ and ×, the operations), so
// the Markdown holds nothing twice.
const drill = {
  id: 'drill',
  number: { shape: 'square', fontFamily: TEXT, fontWeight: 600, background: col('blue') },
  instruction: { fontFamily: ROUND, bold: false },
  options: { layout: 'row' }, // ア イ ウ side by side (the default labels in Japanese)
  trueFalse: { look: 'bracket' }, // （　） for ○ or ×
  blank: { look: 'box', width: 'answer', color: col('rule') }, // □ to write in
  area: { kind: 'lines', color: col('rule') },
  grid: { rule: col('rule') },
  solutions: { placement: 'inverted', box: 'kotae' },
  marginTop: em(1.1), marginBottom: em(0.4),
};
const kotae = { id: 'kotae', title: '', backgroundEnabled: false, border: { enabled: false },
  padding: { top: pt(0), right: pt(0), bottom: pt(0), left: pt(0) },
  body: { fontFamily: ROUND, fontSize: pt(8), lineHeight: pt(12), color: col('muted'),
    firstLineIndent: pt(0) },
  marginTop: mm(1), marginBottom: mm(2), keepTogether: true };
// #endregion

// #region header: the drill's band: subject badge, title, the mascot at the far end
// A heading design on a vertical page is laid along its column: x runs down the page and y
// to the left, so the same band stands at the right edge, from head to foot.
const BAND = 30; // mm: the band's depth (its height across, its width down)
const header = { enabled: true, minHeight: mm(BAND + 3), slot: { elements: [
  { kind: 'box', id: 'band', reserve: false, style: { backgroundColor: col('tint'),
    borderRadius: mm(4) }, placement: { anchor: { to: 'container', edge: 'top-left' },
    size: { width: 'fill', height: mm(BAND) } } },
  { kind: 'image', id: 'mascot', resourceId: '{attr.pic}', decorative: true, reserve: false,
    placement: { anchor: { to: 'container', edge: 'top-right' }, offset: { x: mm(-4), y: mm(1) },
      size: { width: mm(28), height: mm(28) } } },
  { kind: 'text', id: 'subject', content: '{attr.kicker}', fontFamily: ROUND, fontSize: pt(10),
    fontWeight: 700, color: col('ink'), box: { backgroundColor: col('sun'), borderRadius: mm(3),
      padding: { top: mm(0.6), bottom: mm(0.6), left: mm(2.4), right: mm(2.4) } },
    placement: { anchor: { to: 'container', edge: 'top-left' }, offset: { x: mm(5), y: mm(5) } } },
  { kind: 'text', id: 'title', content: '{titleText}', fontFamily: ROUND, fontSize: pt(20),
    fontWeight: 700, color: col('ink'),
    placement: { anchor: { to: '#subject', edge: 'below' }, offset: { x: mm(0), y: mm(2.5) } } },
] } };
// #endregion

let writingMode = 'horizontal-tb'; // 算数 runs across the page
const config = () => ({
  locale: 'ja',
  colorPalette,
  page: { sizePreset: 'custom', width: mm(182), height: mm(257), dpi: 150, // B5
    margins: { top: mm(18), bottom: mm(16), left: mm(16), right: mm(16), mirror: true } },
  layout: { layoutType: 'single', writingMode },
  bodyText: { fontFamily: TEXT, fontSize: pt(12), lineHeight: pt(22), color: col('ink'),
    boldColor: col('ink'), italicColor: col('ink'), referenceColor: col('ink'),
    boldFontWeight: 600, // Klee One's heaviest cut
    textAlign: 'left', firstLineIndent: pt(0) },
  headings: { fontFamily: ROUND, color: col('ink'), fontWeight: 700, balancing: { enabled: false },
    levels: [{ level: 1, fontSize: pt(20), breakBefore: { parity: 'any' }, marginBottom: pt(0),
      advancedDesign: header }] },
  orderedLists: { numberFormat: 'arabic', color: col('ink'), fontWeight: 600 },
  paragraphStyles: [
    { id: 'namae', fontFamily: ROUND, fontSize: pt(10), color: col('muted'), textAlign: 'right',
      firstLineIndent: pt(0), marginTop: pt(0), marginBottom: mm(1) },
    { id: 'colophon', fontFamily: ROUND, fontSize: pt(7.5), lineHeight: pt(11), color: col('muted'),
      textAlign: 'left', firstLineIndent: pt(0), marginTop: mm(5) },
  ],
  chipStyles: [{ id: 'sen', backgroundEnabled: false, underline: 'solid', borderWidth: pt(0.7),
    borderColor: col('muted'), minWidth: mm(40), paddingX: pt(0), paddingY: pt(0) },
  { id: 'waku', backgroundEnabled: false, borderWidth: pt(1), borderColor: col('blue'),
    borderRadius: mm(1.5), minWidth: mm(16), paddingY: em(0.2) }],
  calloutStyles: [kotae],
  exerciseStyles: [drill],
  header: { elements: [] },
  footer: { elements: [{ kind: 'text', id: 'folio', content: '{pageNumber}', fontFamily: ROUND,
    fontSize: pt(9), fontWeight: 700, color: col('blue'), align: 'center',
    placement: { anchor: { to: 'page', edge: 'bottom' }, offset: { x: mm(0), y: mm(-9) } } }] },
});

// ─── 2 · Content ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const markdown = String.raw`---
title: "3年生のまいにちドリル"
---

# 3けたのたし算とひき算 {kicker="さんすう　12" pic="tanuki"}

:::paragraphs{style="namae"}
名前:chip[　]{style="sen"}　　:chip[　]{style="waku"}点
:::

:::exercise{type=arithmetic}
ひっ算でしましょう。（1つ5点）

- 345 + 278
- 902 - 456
- 124 × 3
- 864 ÷ 4
:::

:::exercise
□にあてはまる数を書きましょう。（1つ5点）

:::columns{count=2}
25 + 37 = [[62]]

90 − 46 = [[44]]

8 × 7 = [[56]]

400 + 600 = [[1000]]

1000 − 1 = [[999]]

63 ÷ 9 = [[7]]
:::
:::

:::exercise{columns=3}
正しいものをえらんで、記号で答えましょう。（1つ5点）

1. 1000は、100を何こ集めた数ですか。
   - [ ] 1こ
   - [x] 10こ
   - [ ] 100こ
2. 500円玉を2まい出すと、何円ですか。
   - [ ] 700円
   - [ ] 520円
   - [x] 1000円
:::

:::exercise{type=truefalse}
正しいものには○、まちがっているものには×を書きましょう。（1つ5点）

- [x] 345 + 278 の答えは、600より大きい。
- [ ] 902 − 456 の答えは、500より大きい。
- [x] 124 × 3 と 3 × 124 は、同じ答えになる。
:::

:::exercise{type=open area=lines lines=2}
354円のノートと278円のペンを買いました。あわせて何円ですか。（式5点・答え5点）

:::solution
式　354 + 278 = 632　　答え　632円
:::
:::

:::exercise{type=open area=lines lines=2}
456ページの本を、きのうまでに278ページ読みました。のこりは何ページですか。（式5点・答え5点）

:::solution
式　456 − 278 = 178　　答え　178ページ
:::
:::

# 春のことば {kicker="こくご　12" pic="kitsune"}

:::paragraphs{style="namae"}
名前:chip[　]{style="sen"}　　:chip[　]{style="waku"}点
:::

:::exercise
□に漢字を書きましょう。（1つ5点）

:::columns{count=3}
はる

[[春]]

はな

[[花]]

かぜ

[[風]]

そら

[[空]]

あさ

[[朝]]

ひる

[[昼]]
:::
:::

:::exercise
線を引いた漢字の読みがなを書きましょう。（1つ5点）

1. :sideline[春風]がふく。（[[はるかぜ]]）
2. :sideline[朝日]がのぼる。（[[あさひ]]）
3. 花の:sideline[色]がきれいだ。（[[いろ]]）
:::

:::exercise
文に合うことばを、○でかこみましょう。（1つ5点）

1. 春の風がふいて、さくらの花が [[(ちりました) | のぼりました]]。
2. 朝、つばめが南の国から [[(やってきた) | ねむっていた]]。
:::

:::exercise{columns=1}
ことばのいみに合うものを、えらびましょう。（10点）

「うららか」とは、どんなようすですか。

- [ ] 雨がはげしくふるようす
- [x] 空が晴れて、日の光がやわらかいようす
- [ ] 風がつめたくふくようす
:::

:::paragraphs{style="colophon"}
書体：Klee One、Zen Maru Gothic（SIL OFL）　絵：拡散モデルで生成　問題：本書のための書き下ろし（CC BY 4.0）
:::
`; // content.ja.md: the さんすう page, then the こくご page

// ─── 3 · Fonts ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const FONTS = {
  'Klee One': ['400', '600'], // 教科書体: the text and the numbers to copy
  'Zen Maru Gothic': ['400', '700'], // labels, instructions, titles, the answers
};

// ─── 4 · Build & show ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// Each face loads the files of the characters it sets (gotcha: cjk-fonts-slices); the
// vertical page also needs each face's upright punctuation.
await loadFonts(FONTS, markdown);
await loadCjkFonts(FONTS, markdown, { vertical: true });
const resources = [];
for (const id of ['tanuki', 'kitsune']) {
  await loadImage(`${id}-600.jpg`, asset(id === 'tanuki' ? 'tanuki-600.jpg' : 'kitsune-600.jpg'));
  resources.push({ id, typeId: 'figure', kind: 'bitmap', createdAt: 0, updatedAt: 0,
    bitmap: { fileId: `${id}-600.jpg`, format: 'jpeg', width: 600, height: 600 } });
}
// #region two-books: one drill across, one in columns, with the same styles
// Two drill books of one series: arithmetic across, bound on the left; kanji in columns,
// bound on the right (vertical text binds there by itself).
const [sansu, kokugo] = markdown.split(/(?=^# 春のことば)/m);
const build = (text) => withLoadedFonts(() => buildDocument({ markdown: text, resources },
  config()), { ...kitFonts(FONTS), text: markdown });
const across = await build(sansu);
// 国語 is set in columns, top to bottom, right to left: the same design, turned.
writingMode = 'vertical-rl';
const docs = [across, await build(kokugo)];
// #endregion
showBook(docs, { title: t({ ja: '答えがさかさまのドリル', en: 'A Japanese drill, answers upside down',
  es: 'Un cuaderno japonés con las soluciones del revés' }) });
offerPdf(() => renderToPdf(docs, { fontProvider: cjkPdfProvider, resourceBytes: imageBytes }),
  `${RECIPE}.pdf`);

// ─── Kit ── helpers shared by every Cookbook recipe · postext.dev/cookbook ─────

// ─── Kit · core v1 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
function mm(value) { return { value, unit: 'mm' }; }
function pt(value) { return { value, unit: 'pt' }; }
function em(value) { return { value, unit: 'em' }; }
/** The sample language's string: t({ en: 'Figure', es: 'Figura' }). */
function t(strings) { return strings[LANG] ?? Object.values(strings)[0]; }
/** A file in this recipe's assets folder, served from the Postext repo by jsDelivr. */
function asset(file) { return `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/drnachio/postext@main/cookbook/${RECIPE}/assets/${file}`; }

// ─── Kit · fonts v3 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
// Postext loads the faces a config asks for before layout and asks the kit
// for Fontsource's files, the ones the PDF embeds too.

/** buildDocumentWithFonts' options: the resolver, and FONTS' faces loaded
 *  with the config's. FONTS = { 'Family Name': ['400', '400i', '700'] }. */
function kitFonts(FONTS = {}) {
  const faces = Object.entries(FONTS).flatMap(([family, specs]) => specs.map((spec) =>
    ({ family, weight: parseInt(spec, 10), style: spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal' })));
  return { resolve: fontsourceResolver, faces };
}

/** A face's files with their ranges: latin, then latin-ext and greek when
 *  `text` needs them (kitSubsetsFor). Null for a face Fontsource lacks. */
async function fontsourceResolver(family, weight, style, { text = '' } = {}) {
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  if (meta && !(await fontsourceWeights(family, style)).includes(weight)) return null;
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  const at = await fontsourceAt(id);
  return ['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)].map((subset) => ({
    source: `${at}files/${id}-${subset}-${weight}-${style}.woff2`,
    unicodeRange: kitRanges()[subset],
  }));
}

/** Each file's unicode-range (a function: the kit runs after the pen's code). */
function kitRanges() {
  return {
    latin: 'U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,'
      + 'U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD',
    'latin-ext': 'U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,'
      + 'U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF',
    greek: 'U+0370-03FF',
  };
}

/** For the cjk, arabic and comics blocks: loads `faces` (as FONTS) for the
 *  sample `text`; `optional` skips a face Fontsource lacks. Files are added in
 *  the order asked, the last winning a shared character. Resolves to the count. */
async function loadFonts(faces, text = '', { optional = false } = {}) {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  const ranges = kitRanges();
  const jobs = [];
  for (const [family, specs] of Object.entries(faces)) {
    const id = fontsourceId(family);
    const todo = [...new Set(specs)].map((spec) => [parseInt(spec, 10), spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal'])
      .filter(([weight, style]) => !hasFace(family, weight, style)); // before any await
    const at = fontsourceAt(id);
    const meta = optional || /[^\0-ÿ]/u.test(text) ? await fontsourceMeta(family) : null;
    const subsets = ['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)];
    for (const [weight, style] of todo) {
      if (optional && !(meta && (await fontsourceWeights(family, style)).includes(weight))) continue;
      for (const subset of subsets) {
        const url = `${await at}files/${id}-${subset}-${weight}-${style}.woff2`;
        const face = new FontFace(family, `url(${url}) format('woff2')`,
          { weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: ranges[subset] });
        jobs.push(face.load().catch(() => {
          if (subset === 'latin' && !optional) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${weight} ${style}`);
        }));
      }
    }
  }
  const ready = await Promise.all(jobs).catch((error) => { kitFail(error); throw error; });
  return ready.filter((face) => face && document.fonts.add(face)).length;
}

/** A loaded FontFace covers this face (fonts.check() says yes to any family). */
function hasFace(family, weight, style) {
  for (const face of document.fonts) {
    if (face.status !== 'loaded' || face.style !== style) continue;
    if (face.family.replace(/^["']|["']$/g, '') !== family) continue;
    const [low, high = low] = face.weight.split(' ').map(Number);
    if (weight >= low && weight <= high) return true;
  }
  return false;
}

/** The files beyond latin `text` needs that `meta`'s family ships. */
function kitSubsetsFor(text, meta) {
  return [[/[Ā-˿ᴀ-ᶿḀ-ỿ†ℓⱠ-Ɀ꜠-ꟿ]/u, 'latin-ext'], [/[Ͱ-Ͽ]/u, 'greek']]
    .filter(([re, x]) => re.test(text) && meta?.subsets?.includes(x)).map(([, x]) => x);
}

/** Fontsource's id for a family: 'Source Serif 4' → 'source-serif-4'. */
function fontsourceId(family) { return family.toLowerCase().replace(/\s+/g, '-'); }

/** A package's folder at the one version @5 names now (#766). */
function fontsourceAt(id, u = `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fontsource/${id}@`) {
  return (fontsourceAt.c ??= {})[id] ??= fetch(u + '5/package.json').then((r) => r.json())
    .then((p) => p.version || 5, () => 5).then((v) => `${u}${v}/`);
}

/** The family's Fontsource metadata (weights, styles, subsets), or null. */
function fontsourceMeta(family, id = fontsourceId(family)) {
  return (fontsourceMeta.c ??= {})[id] ??= fetch(`https://api.fontsource.org/v1/fonts/${id}`)
    .then((res) => (res.ok ? res.json() : null), () => null);
}

/** The weights the package ships in `style`: the API pairs none (no Libre
 *  Caslon 700 italic file), so italics are read from latin-italic.css. */
function fontsourceWeights(family, style, id = fontsourceId(family)) {
  return (fontsourceWeights.c ??= {})[id + style] ??= fontsourceMeta(family).then(async (m) => {
    if (!m?.styles.includes(style)) return m ? [] : [400, 700];
    const css = style === 'italic' ? await fetch(`${await fontsourceAt(id)}latin-italic.css`).then((r) => (r.ok ? r.text() : ''), () => '') : '';
    const w = [...css.matchAll(/weight: (\d+)/g)].map((x) => +x[1]);
    return w.length ? w : m.weights;
  });
}

// ─── Kit · viewer v2 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
/** The pages as spreads on a dark desk, page 1 alone, then verso | recto,
 *  each painted when it scrolls near. Other options go to renderPageToCanvas. */
function showPages(docs, { title, width = 460, ...render } = {}) {
  const root = viewer(title);
  const pages = [docs].flat().flatMap((doc) =>
    doc.pages.map((page) => ({ doc, page, n: (doc.pageIndexOffset ?? 0) + page.index })));
  const spreads = [];
  let verso = null;
  for (const p of pages) {
    if (p.n % 2 === 1) { if (verso) spreads.push([verso, null]); verso = p; }
    else { spreads.push([verso, p]); verso = null; }
  }
  if (verso) spreads.push([verso, null]);
  const density = Math.min(window.devicePixelRatio || 1, 2);
  showPages.painter?.disconnect();
  const painter = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {
    for (const { isIntersecting, target } of entries) {
      if (!isIntersecting) continue;
      painter.unobserve(target);
      const { doc, page } = target.postext;
      renderPageToCanvas(page, doc, target, { ...render, scale: (width * density) / page.width });
    }
  }, { rootMargin: '800px' });
  showPages.painter = painter;
  root.replaceChildren(...spreads.map((pair) => {
    const spread = document.createElement('div');
    spread.className = 'pt-spread';
    for (const p of pair) {
      const figure = document.createElement('figure');
      if (p) {
        const label = p.page.pageLabel || String(p.n + 1);
        const canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
        canvas.postext = p;
        canvas.style.aspectRatio = `${p.page.width} / ${p.page.height}`;
        canvas.setAttribute('role', 'img');
        canvas.setAttribute('aria-label', `Page ${label}`);
        const folio = document.createElement('figcaption');
        folio.textContent = label;
        figure.append(canvas, folio);
        painter.observe(canvas);
      } else figure.className = 'pt-blank';
      spread.append(figure);
    }
    return spread;
  }));
  kitStatus(`${pages.length} ${pages.length === 1 ? 'page' : 'pages'}`);
  document.documentElement.dataset.postext = 'ready';
  return pages.length;
}

/** The desk, the bar and the error reporting, created once. */
function viewer(title) {
  if (!document.getElementById('pt-kit')) {
    document.head.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', `<style id="pt-kit">
      :root { color-scheme: dark; }
      body { margin: 0; background: #0e1014; color: #b9bcc4; font: 13px/1.45 system-ui, sans-serif; }
      #pt-bar { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 1; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center;
        gap: 6px 16px; padding: 10px 16px; background: rgb(14 16 20 / .92); backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
        border-bottom: 1px solid #23262d; }
      #pt-bar strong { color: #f4f1ea; font-weight: 600; }
      #pt-actions { display: flex; gap: 12px; margin-left: auto; }
      #pt-actions a, #pt-actions button { color: #d8a21a; font: inherit; background: none; border: 0; padding: 0; cursor: pointer; }
      #pages { display: grid; justify-items: center; gap: 48px; padding: 32px 16px 72px; }
      .pt-spread { display: flex; }
      .pt-spread figure { margin: 0; width: min(460px, 44vw); }
      .pt-spread canvas { display: block; width: 100%; background: #fff;
        box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
      .pt-spread figure:first-child canvas { box-shadow: inset -14px 0 14px -14px rgb(0 0 0 / .18), 0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
      .pt-spread figcaption { margin-top: 10px; text-align: center; font: 600 10px/1 system-ui, sans-serif;
        letter-spacing: .18em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #6c7079; }
      .pt-blank { visibility: hidden; }
      @media (max-width: 760px) {
        .pt-spread { flex-direction: column; gap: 32px; }
        .pt-spread figure { width: min(460px, 92vw); }
        .pt-blank { display: none; }
      }
    </style>`);
    document.body.insertAdjacentHTML('afterbegin',
      '<header id="pt-bar"><strong id="pt-title"></strong><span id="pt-status" role="status"></span><span id="pt-actions"></span></header>');
    document.getElementById('pt-title').textContent = document.title || 'Postext';
    addEventListener('error', (event) => kitFail(event.error ?? event.message));
    addEventListener('unhandledrejection', (event) => kitFail(event.reason));
  }
  if (title) document.getElementById('pt-title').textContent = title;
  return document.getElementById('pages')
    ?? document.body.appendChild(Object.assign(document.createElement('main'), { id: 'pages' }));
}

function kitStatus(text) {
  viewer();
  document.getElementById('pt-status').textContent = text;
}

function kitFail(error) {
  document.documentElement.dataset.postext = 'error';
  kitStatus(`Error: ${error?.message ?? error}`);
}

// ─── Kit · pdf v3 ── the same in every recipe that exports a PDF
/** The Fontsource files the screen used, as TrueType, with their range and
 *  place: the nearest weight the family ships in that style, upright with no italic;
 *  latin, then what its letters need (kitSubsetsFor). */
async function fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style, request) {
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const s = style === 'italic' && meta && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const shipped = meta ? await fontsourceWeights(family, s) : [];
  const weights = shipped.length ? shipped : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const text = String.fromCodePoint(...(request?.codePoints ?? []));
  const files = await Promise.all(['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)].map(async (subset, order) => {
    const res = await fetch(`${await fontsourceAt(id)}files/${id}-${subset}-${w}-${s}.woff2`);
    if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${w} ${s} ${subset}`);
    return Object.assign(await decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer())),
      { unicodeRange: kitRanges()[subset], order });
  }));
  return files.length === 1 ? files[0] : files;
}

/** A "Build the PDF" button; then "Open the PDF" (a new tab: CodePen's frame
 *  shows no PDFs) and a download link. */
function offerPdf(makePdf, filename) {
  viewer();
  const button = Object.assign(document.createElement('button'), { type: 'button', textContent: 'Build the PDF' });
  button.dataset.postextPdf = filename;
  button.addEventListener('click', async () => {
    button.disabled = true;
    button.textContent = 'Building the PDF…';
    try {
      const bytes = await makePdf();
      const url = URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([bytes], { type: 'application/pdf' }));
      const size = `${Math.max(1, Math.round(bytes.length / 1024))} KB`;
      button.replaceWith(
        Object.assign(document.createElement('a'), { href: url, target: '_blank', rel: 'noopener', textContent: 'Open the PDF ↗' }),
        Object.assign(document.createElement('a'), { href: url, download: filename, textContent: `Download ${filename} · ${size}` }));
    } catch (error) {
      button.disabled = false;
      button.textContent = 'Build the PDF';
      kitFail(error);
    }
  });
  document.getElementById('pt-actions').append(button);
}

// ─── Kit · images v3 ── recipes with pictures · postext.dev/cookbook
/** Registers a photo or PNG for the canvas and keeps its bytes for the PDF.
 *  fetch → ImageBitmap never taints the canvas (a plain cross-origin <img> would). */
async function loadImage(fileId, url) {
  const res = await fetch(url);
  if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Image not found (${res.status}): ${url}`);
  const bytes = new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer());
  registerResourceImage(fileId, await createImageBitmap(new Blob([bytes])));
  (loadImage.bytes ??= new Map()).set(fileId, bytes);
}

/** Registers SVG markup as a vector image, its fonts inside (inlineSvgFonts, ≥ 1.25).
 *  `options` go to registerResourceImage: { singleInk: true } tints it on the canvas. */
async function loadSvg(fileId, svg, options) {
  if (typeof inlineSvgFonts === 'function') svg = await inlineSvgFonts(svg, svgFaces);
  const img = new Image();
  img.src = `data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,${encodeURIComponent(svg)}`;
  await img.decode();
  registerResourceImage(fileId, img, options);
  (loadImage.bytes ??= new Map()).set(fileId, new TextEncoder().encode(svg));
}

/** A face's Fontsource files: nearest weight; latin + what the SVG sets. */
async function svgFaces(family, weight, style, { codePoints = [] } = {}) {
  const [id, m] = [fontsourceId(family), await fontsourceMeta(family)];
  const w = m?.weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a)) ?? weight;
  const s = m?.styles.includes(style) === false ? 'normal' : style;
  return Promise.all(['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(String.fromCodePoint(...codePoints), m)].map(async (x) => new Uint8Array(
    await (await fetch(`${await fontsourceAt(id)}files/${id}-${x}-${w}-${s}.woff2`)).arrayBuffer())));
}

/** renderToPdf({ resourceBytes: imageBytes }) */
function imageBytes(fileId) { return loadImage.bytes?.get(fileId); }

/** renderToHtml({ resourceImageUrl: imageUrl }) */
function imageUrl(fileId) {
  const bytes = imageBytes(fileId);
  if (!bytes) return undefined;
  imageUrl.urls ??= new Map();
  if (!imageUrl.urls.has(fileId)) {
    const type = /\.svg$/i.test(fileId) ? 'image/svg+xml' : /\.png$/i.test(fileId) ? 'image/png' : 'image/jpeg';
    imageUrl.urls.set(fileId, URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([bytes], { type })));
  }
  return imageUrl.urls.get(fileId);
}

// ─── Kit · cjk v2 ── Chinese, Japanese and Korean books · postext.dev/cookbook
// Fontsource ships a CJK family as about a hundred files per weight, each
// declared in its stylesheet with the unicode-range it covers. The screen
// loads the files the sample touches; the PDF gets the same files for the
// characters its pages set in each face, and embeds each as a subset.
// A book bound on the right (vertical text) is shown with its spreads
// mirrored: page 1 alone on the left of the spine, then [3 | 2].

/** The files of a Fontsource face, read from its stylesheet: { url, range,
 *  ranges }, the last declared first (the order the browser tries them in). */
function cjkSlices(family, weight, style) {
  cjkSlices.cache ??= new Map();
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const css = `${id}/${weight}${style === 'italic' ? '-italic' : ''}.css`;
  if (!cjkSlices.cache.has(css)) {
    let at;
    cjkSlices.cache.set(css, fontsourceAt(id).then((a) => fetch(at = a + css.slice(id.length + 1)))
      .then((res) => {
        if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${weight} ${style} (${res.status})`);
        return res.text();
      })
      .then((text) => [...text.matchAll(/@font-face\s*{([^}]*)}/g)].map(([, rule]) => {
        const range = /unicode-range:\s*([^;]+);/.exec(rule)?.[1].trim() ?? 'U+0-10FFFF';
        const ranges = range.split(',').map((part) => {
          const [lo, hi = lo] = part.trim().slice(2).split('-');
          return [parseInt(lo, 16), parseInt(hi, 16)];
        });
        return { url: new URL(/url\(([^)]+?\.woff2)\)/.exec(rule)[1], at).href, range, ranges };
      }).reverse()));
  }
  return cjkSlices.cache.get(css);
}

/** The file of `slices` the screen sets code point `cp` in, if any: the
 *  last one loadCjkFonts adds whose range holds it. A numbered file that
 *  repeats a letter of latin is added after latin, and wins it. */
function cjkSliceFor(slices, cp) {
  const holds = (slice) => slice.ranges.some(([lo, hi]) => cp >= lo && cp <= hi);
  return slices.reduce((last, slice) => (holds(slice) ? slice : last), undefined);
}

/** Whether Fontsource serves `family` as a Chinese, Japanese or Korean
 *  family (its subsets name the script). Fails when the API does not
 *  answer: a CJK face taken for a Latin one would paint in a system face. */
async function isCjkFamily(family) {
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  if (!meta) throw new Error(`api.fontsource.org did not describe ${family}: reload to try again`);
  return !!meta.subsets?.some((subset) => /^(chinese|japanese|korean)/.test(subset));
}

/** faces = { 'Noto Serif TC': ['400', '700'] }, as for loadFonts: the
 *  whole FONTS object may be passed, its other families are left to
 *  loadFonts. Adds one FontFace per file of each CJK face with its
 *  unicodeRange, then loads the files `text` touches. `text` is what the
 *  faces set: the sample for the text face; a book in several voices calls
 *  it once per voice (loadCjkFonts({ 'LXGW WenKai TC': ['400'] }, quotes)),
 *  so the heading and quotation faces fetch and check only their own
 *  characters. Fails when a character of `text` is in no file of a face.
 *  List every weight the pages use: a weight left to the engine's later round
 *  gets the latin file only. With { vertical: true } it also loads each
 *  family's vertical forms (brackets, quotes, pause marks) for the canvas,
 *  which needs loadVerticalAlternates imported from postext. Resolves to
 *  the number of files loaded. */
async function loadCjkFonts(faces, text, { vertical = false } = {}) {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  let loaded = 0;
  try {
    if (vertical && typeof loadVerticalAlternates !== 'function') {
      throw new Error('loadCjkFonts(…, { vertical: true }) needs loadVerticalAlternates imported from postext');
    }
    for (const [family, specs] of Object.entries(faces)) {
      if (!(await isCjkFamily(family))) continue;
      const twin = [];
      for (const spec of new Set(specs)) {
        const weight = parseInt(spec, 10);
        const style = spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal';
        const slices = await cjkSlices(family, weight, style);
        const missing = [...new Set(text)].filter((ch) => /\S/.test(ch) && !cjkSliceFor(slices, ch.codePointAt(0)));
        if (missing.length) {
          throw new Error(`${family} ${spec} has no file for ${missing.slice(0, 12).join(' ')}: `
            + `give each face the text it sets (loadCjkFonts({ '${family}': ['${spec}'] }, text))`);
        }
        for (const slice of slices) {
          document.fonts.add(new FontFace(family, `url(${slice.url}) format('woff2')`,
            { weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: slice.range }));
          twin.push({ source: slice.url, weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: slice.range });
        }
        const font = `${style === 'italic' ? 'italic ' : ''}${weight} 16px "${family}"`;
        loaded += (await document.fonts.load(font, text)).length;
        if (!document.fonts.check(font, text)) throw new Error(`${family} ${spec} did not load for the sample`);
      }
      // The same files under a twin name with the `vert` feature on: the
      // canvas paints the punctuation of vertical lines with it.
      if (vertical && twin.length) await loadVerticalAlternates(family, twin);
    }
  } catch (error) {
    kitFail(error);
    throw error;
  }
  return loaded;
}

/** The PDF font provider for recipes with CJK faces: a family whose
 *  Fontsource subsets are Chinese, Japanese or Korean gets the files the
 *  screen set its pages' characters in (`request.codePoints`), each marked
 *  with its unicode-range and its place in the order loadCjkFonts added
 *  them: postext-pdf sets a character two files hold in the one added
 *  last, as the browser does. Any other family gets the latin file
 *  fontsourceProvider fetches (the "pdf" block) and, when the face sets
 *  letters only latin-ext has, that file too. */
async function cjkPdfProvider(family, weight, style, request) {
  if (!(await isCjkFamily(family))) return cjkLatinPdfFiles(family, weight, style, request);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const weights = meta.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const s = style === 'italic' && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const slices = await cjkSlices(family, w, s);
  const picked = new Set();
  for (const cp of request?.codePoints ?? []) {
    const slice = cjkSliceFor(slices, cp);
    if (slice) picked.add(slice);
  }
  if (!picked.size) picked.add(slices[0]);
  return Promise.all(slices.map(async (slice, order) => {
    if (!picked.has(slice)) return null;
    const res = await fetch(slice.url);
    if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource file ${slice.url} (${res.status})`);
    const bytes = await decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer()));
    return Object.assign(bytes, { unicodeRange: slice.range, order });
  })).then((files) => files.filter(Boolean));
}

/** A Latin family set next to the CJK faces: its latin file, then its
 *  latin-ext file when the face sets letters only latin-ext has (ō ū in
 *  Hepburn rōmaji, ǎ in pinyin), the file loadFonts adds on screen for
 *  them, each marked with its unicode-range and its place in that order:
 *  the PDF sets a character in the file the browser took it from. A face
 *  Fontsource ships without latin-ext, or whose file does not come, gets
 *  latin alone, and the PDF names the letters it lacks. */
async function cjkLatinPdfFiles(family, weight, style, request) {
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const beyond = [...(request?.codePoints ?? [])].some(cjkLatinExtOnly);
  if (!beyond || !meta?.subsets?.includes('latin-ext')) return fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style);
  const weights = meta.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const s = style === 'italic' && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const url = `${await fontsourceAt(id)}files/${id}-latin-ext-${w}-${s}.woff2`;
  const [latin, ext] = await Promise.all([fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style), fetch(url)
    .then(async (res) => (res.ok ? decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer())) : null), () => null)]);
  const ranges = kitRanges();
  return ext ? [Object.assign(latin, { unicodeRange: ranges.latin, order: 0 }),
    Object.assign(ext, { unicodeRange: ranges['latin-ext'], order: 1 })] : latin;
}

/** Whether code point `cp` is in Fontsource's latin-ext file and not in
 *  its latin file: Latin Extended-A and -B, IPA, the spacing modifiers and
 *  Latin Extended Additional (loadFonts's test for latin-ext), less the
 *  few latin holds too (ı Œ œ ʻ ʼ ˆ ˚ ˜). */
function cjkLatinExtOnly(cp) {
  if (!((cp >= 0x100 && cp <= 0x2ff) || (cp >= 0x1e00 && cp <= 0x1eff))) return false;
  return ![0x131, 0x152, 0x153, 0x2bb, 0x2bc, 0x2c6, 0x2da, 0x2dc].includes(cp);
}

/** showPages for a book bound on either edge. A right-bound book (the
 *  document says so: doc.binding is 'right' for page.binding 'right' and
 *  for vertical text) lies on the desk as it opens: page 1 alone on the
 *  left of the spine, then [3 | 2], the spine shade on each page's inner
 *  edge. `binding` ('left' | 'right') overrides the document's. */
function showBook(docs, { binding, ...options } = {}) {
  const count = showPages(docs, options);
  const right = (binding ?? [docs].flat()[0]?.binding) === 'right';
  if (!document.getElementById('pt-kit-cjk')) {
    // The pages keep direction ltr: a canvas draws text in the direction its
    // element inherits, and under rtl each run would end where the engine
    // starts it, its brackets mirrored.
    document.head.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', `<style id="pt-kit-cjk">
      .pt-spread[dir="rtl"] canvas { direction: ltr; }
      .pt-spread[dir="rtl"] figure:first-child canvas { box-shadow: inset 14px 0 14px -14px rgb(0 0 0 / .18),
        0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
    </style>`);
  }
  // Each pair stays [verso, recto] in the page; right to left, the verso
  // sits on the right. Phones stack the pages in reading order either way.
  for (const spread of document.querySelectorAll('#pages > .pt-spread')) spread.dir = right ? 'rtl' : 'ltr';
  document.getElementById('pages').dataset.binding = right ? 'right' : 'left';
  return count;
}

// ─── /Kit ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
```

## Variantes

### Regrouper les corrigés à la fin

Un cahier vendu avec un livret de corrigés garde les réponses hors des pages : `chapterEnd` les liste après le dernier exercice.

```diff
-  solutions: { placement: 'inverted', box: 'kotae' },
+  solutions: { placement: 'chapterEnd', box: 'kotae' },
```

### Composer une page de jeux

[La page de jeux](https://postext.dev/fr/cookbook/puzzle-page-upside-down-answers.md) retourne ses solutions de la même façon, sur des cartes en deux colonnes.

## Erreurs fréquentes

- **Les polices chinoises se chargent par tranches, avec le bloc cjk.** Fontsource sert une famille chinoise, japonaise ou coréenne sous la forme d’une centaine de fichiers par graisse, chacun couvrant une plage de caractères. loadFonts ne récupère que le fichier latin : à l’écran, les caractères han viennent d’une police système et sont mal mesurés, et fontsourceProvider remet ce fichier latin au PDF, qui les imprime en cases vides. Listez le bloc cjk du kit, appelez loadCjkFonts(FONTS, markdown) après loadFonts (une fois par voix, avec le texte qu’elle compose, quand le livre utilise plusieurs polices CJK) et donnez à renderToPdf fontProvider: cjkPdfProvider : les deux prennent les fichiers qui contiennent les caractères du texte.
- **Balisez un texte japonais 'ja', jamais zh-Hans ni LANG.** Les éditions d’une recette sont en et es, mais un exemple japonais est en japonais dans les deux : `locale: LANG` le baliserait en anglais ou en espagnol, et une balise chinoise le composerait selon les règles chinoises (ponctuation Kaiming, petits kana libres de commencer une ligne, 图 pour 図, formes de glyphes chinoises dans le PDF). Depuis postext 1.30, la balise est aussi la langue dans laquelle le texte est mis en forme (mesuré, peint et incorporé) : toute balise autre que 'ja' donne d’autres formes de glyphes que les japonaises (les chinoises sous une balise chinoise) et d’autres coupures de ligne. Écrivez 'ja' : elle choisit la région Japon (coupure des lignes et ponctuation JLReq, points d’emphase sésame, espacement des furigana, étiquettes 図 et 表) et désactive la césure. Le lint fait échouer un texte contenant des kana sous une balise zh ou ko.

- Une lecture ne peut pas encore se placer au-dessus d’un blanc : un ruby dans `[[…]]` fait partie de la réponse cachée. L’exercice 漢字の書き取り met chaque lecture sur sa propre ligne et la case juste après, trois par rangée dans un groupe `:::columns` ; sur la page verticale, la lecture se tient à côté de la case, comme des furigana.
- Klee One n’existe qu’en 400 et 600 : `boldFontWeight: 600` garde chaque passage en gras dans une graisse qui existe, numéros des questions et des exercices compris.

## Crédits

- Recette: Ignacio Ferro ([@drnachio](https://github.com/drnachio))
- Images: A young tanuki in a yellow school hat holding a big pencil.: Generated With Diffusion Models, original
- Images: A fox cub in a red scarf reading a book.: Generated With Diffusion Models, original
- Caractères: Klee One (OFL-1.1), Zen Maru Gothic (OFL-1.1)
- Code: MIT · Contenu d’exemple: CC-BY-4.0

## Recettes liées

- [Nº 174 · Une page de jeux avec les solutions à l’envers](https://postext.dev/fr/cookbook/puzzle-page-upside-down-answers.md): La page de jeux d’un magazine pour enfants : mots croisés, mots mêlés, devinette et histoire à remettre en ordre, sur des cartes aux solutions à l’envers. · Niveau 2 (Intermédiaire) · Magazines et fanzines, Cahiers et exercices
- [Nº 124 · Un livre de lecture scolaire, furigana sur chaque kanji](https://postext.dev/fr/cookbook/jukugo-furigana-textbook.md): « Gon le renard » de Niimi Nankichi en manuel : furigana par caractère, par mot et jukugo, espacés 1:2:1, qui débordent sur les kana mais jamais sur un kanji. · Niveau 2 (Intermédiaire) · Manuels scolaires
- [Nº 169 · Une fiche d’exercices en dix traditions scolaires](https://postext.dev/fr/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet.md): Les sept mêmes blocs :::exercise en dix langues, chaque édition mise en page par un style d’exercice fidèle aux manuels scolaires de son pays. · Niveau 2 (Intermédiaire) · Cahiers et exercices, Manuels scolaires