# Un quaderno di esercizi arabo, da destra a sinistra

> Un quaderno arabo per la primaria da destra a sinistra: opzioni أ ب ج, colonne da collegare, riquadro di parole, صح o خطأ, crucipuzzle e cifre arabo-indiane.

- Versione HTML: https://postext.dev/it/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl
- Ricetta Nº 173 · Libri di testo · Livello 2 (Intermedio) · Output: Canvas, PDF
- Generi: Quaderni ed eserciziari, Libri di testo
- Richiede postext ≥ 1.59.0, postext-pdf ≥ 1.59.0 · provata con 1.59.0, postext-pdf 1.59.0 il 2026-10-24
- Pagine: [١](https://postext.dev/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl/ar/p01.webp?v=cd08e1dc), [٢](https://postext.dev/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl/ar/p02.webp?v=cd08e1dc), [٣](https://postext.dev/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl/ar/p03.webp?v=cd08e1dc), [٤](https://postext.dev/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl/ar/p04.webp?v=cd08e1dc), [1](https://postext.dev/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl/ar/p05.webp?v=cd08e1dc), [2](https://postext.dev/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl/ar/p06.webp?v=cd08e1dc), [3](https://postext.dev/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl/ar/p07.webp?v=cd08e1dc), [4](https://postext.dev/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl/ar/p08.webp?v=cd08e1dc)
- Apri nella Sandbox: https://postext.dev/it/sandbox#recipe=arabic-workbook-rtl&lang=ar (.postext: https://postext.dev/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl/ar/arabic-workbook-rtl.postext)
- Ultimo aggiornamento: 2026-10-24
- Altre lingue: [en](https://postext.dev/en/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md), [es](https://postext.dev/es/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md), [ca](https://postext.dev/ca/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md), [de](https://postext.dev/de/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md), [fr](https://postext.dev/fr/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md), [pt](https://postext.dev/pt/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md), [zh](https://postext.dev/zh/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md), [ja](https://postext.dev/ja/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md), [ar](https://postext.dev/ar/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md)

## In breve

Pagine di un quaderno di arabo per bambini sull’orto della scuola: scegliere la risposta, collegare le colonne, completare con le parole di un riquadro, segnare vero o falso, ordinare parole, trovarle in una griglia.

## Che cosa comporrai

Un’unità di un quaderno di arabo di seconda elementare su una pagina di 17 × 24 cm, dedicata all’orto della scuola. Si apre con una fascia ad acquerello, la linguetta e il titolo dell’unità e una riga a puntini per il nome, la classe e la data. Poi vengono gli esercizi che stampa un libro arabo per la primaria: scegliere la risposta giusta, con أ) ب) ج) tre per riga; collegare le due colonne; completare gli spazi con un riquadro di parole; segnare صح o خطأ; mettere in ordine le parole e scrivere la frase sulla riga; trovare sette parole dell’orto in una griglia di lettere. Le soluzioni chiudono l’unità. Lo stesso testo si compone due volte: l’edizione del Mashriq numera tutto con cifre arabo-indiane, ١ ٢ ٣, quella del Maghreb con cifre europee. Tutte e due si leggono da destra e si rilegano a destra.

**Questa ricetta risponde a:**

- Come compongo un quaderno arabo da destra a sinistra, con colonne da collegare e cifre arabo-indiane?
- Come compongo una pagina di eserciziario: numeri nei cerchi, banca di parole, vero o falso, collega?
- Come faccio un crucipuzzle o un cruciverba da un elenco di parole?

## La risposta breve

```js
// script.js, righe 34–53
// The locale sets the direction, the binding and the digits: 'ar' writes the exercise
// numbers, the items and the key in Arabic-Indic digits (١ ٢ ٣), 'ar-MA' in European ones.
// Options take the abjad letters (أ ب ج), true/false the words صح / خطأ, both from the
// language. Nothing below names a side: the engine sets every part from the right.
const tamrin = {
  id: 'tamrin',
  number: { shape: 'disc', fontFamily: LABEL, background: col('accent') },
  instruction: { fontFamily: LABEL, bold: false, color: col('ink') },
  options: { layout: 'row' }, // أ) ب) ج) side by side, three to a row (columns=3)
  blank: { look: 'dots', color: col('muted') }, // a dotted line, as Arab workbooks print it
  match: { color: col('accent') },
  bank: { box: 'sunduq', order: 'shuffle' },
  area: { kind: 'lines', color: col('rule') },
  grid: { fontFamily: TEXT, rule: col('leaf'), uppercase: false }, // Arabic has no capitals
  answers: { color: col('leaf'), fontFamily: TEXT },
  solutions: { box: 'hulul' },
  marginTop: em(1.1), marginBottom: em(0.5),
};
// The solutions where :::solutions stands: at the end of the unit.
const exercises = { solutions: { placement: 'directive' } };
```

## Ingredienti

**Insegna**

- [Esercizi](https://postext.dev/it/docs/exercises.md#esercizi): Il recinto :::exercise: un'attività con consegna, domande e risposte nel Markdown, numerata e impaginata come dice uno stile di esercizio, uguale su carta e a schermo.
- [Testo da destra a sinistra](https://postext.dev/it/docs/arabic-layout.md#direzione-e-algoritmo-bidirezionale): direction imposta la direzione di base del documento: 'auto' (il valore predefinito) la ricava dalla scrittura di locale, quindi 'ar', 'fa' o 'he' vanno da destra a sinistra; l’algoritmo bidirezionale (UAX #9) ordina le parole latine e i numeri dentro ogni riga, e il libro si rilega a destra.
- [Cifre dei numeri generati](https://postext.dev/it/docs/configuration-language.md#lingua-del-documento): numerals ('auto', 'latn', 'arab', 'arabext') sceglie le cifre di ogni numero che il motore scrive: folio, numeri di elenchi e note, contatori di titoli e figure, le pagine dell’indice generale e dell’indice analitico. 'auto' segue locale: ١٢٣ per l’arabo, 1 2 3 nel Maghreb (ar-MA, ar-DZ, ar-TN). Il testo dell’autore non viene mai riscritto.

**Usa anche**

- [Stili di esercizio](https://postext.dev/it/docs/exercises.md#stili-degli-esercizi)
- [Scelta e vero o falso](https://postext.dev/it/docs/exercises.md#scelta-multipla-e-vero-o-falso)
- [Spazi vuoti e banche di parole](https://postext.dev/it/docs/exercises.md#completamento-e-riquadro-di-parole)
- [Collegare e classificare](https://postext.dev/it/docs/exercises.md#collegamento-e-classificazione)
- [Riordinare](https://postext.dev/it/docs/exercises.md#riordinare)
- [Crucipuzzle e cruciverba](https://postext.dev/it/docs/exercises.md#cerca-parole-e-cruciverba)
- [Soluzioni](https://postext.dev/it/docs/exercises.md#soluzioni)
- [Font arabi](https://postext.dev/it/docs/arabic-layout.md#font)
- [Stili di numerazione arabi](https://postext.dev/it/docs/arabic-layout.md#cifre-e-stili-di-numerazione)
- [Libri rilegati a destra](https://postext.dev/it/docs/configuration-page-layout.md#rilegatura)
- [Chip in linea](https://postext.dev/it/docs/configuration-styles.md#stili-dei-chip)
- [Riquadri](https://postext.dev/it/docs/configuration-callouts.md#stili-dei-riquadri)
- [Aperture progettate](https://postext.dev/it/docs/configuration-headings.md#estensione-e-grafica-avanzata)
- [Attributi dei titoli](https://postext.dev/it/docs/document-format.md#attributi-dei-titoli)
- [Immagini nei progetti di pagina](https://postext.dev/it/docs/configuration-headers-footers.md#elementi-immagine)
- [Tavolozza di colori semantica](https://postext.dev/it/docs/configuration-fonts-colors-viewers.md#tavolozza-dei-colori)
- [Esportazione in PDF](https://postext.dev/it/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#generare-pdf)
- [Riquadri che si dividono o restano interi](https://postext.dev/it/docs/configuration-callouts.md#il-contenitore-callout)
- [Bilanciamento delle colonne](https://postext.dev/it/docs/configuration-page-flow.md#bilanciamento-delle-colonne)
- [Domande aperte e spazi di scrittura](https://postext.dev/it/docs/exercises.md#domande-aperte-e-spazi-per-scrivere)
- [Testatine secondo il ruolo della pagina](https://postext.dev/it/docs/configuration-headers-footers.md#elementi-di-testo)
- [Stili di paragrafo](https://postext.dev/it/docs/configuration-styles.md#stili-di-paragrafo)
- [Font incorporati nel PDF](https://postext.dev/it/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#perché-un-provider-di-font)
- [Figure e tabelle come risorse](https://postext.dev/it/docs/document-format-resources.md#risorse)

**La configurazione in breve**

- [`bodyText`](https://postext.dev/it/docs/configuration-text.md#testo-corrente), [`calloutStyles`](https://postext.dev/it/docs/configuration-callouts.md#stili-dei-riquadri), [`chipStyles`](https://postext.dev/it/docs/configuration-styles.md#stili-dei-chip), [`colorPalette`](https://postext.dev/it/docs/configuration-fonts-colors-viewers.md#tavolozza-dei-colori), `exerciseStyles`, `exercises`, [`footer`](https://postext.dev/it/docs/configuration-headers-footers.md#intestazioni-e-piè-di-pagina), [`header`](https://postext.dev/it/docs/configuration-headers-footers.md#intestazioni-e-piè-di-pagina), [`headings`](https://postext.dev/it/docs/configuration-headings.md#titoli), [`layout`](https://postext.dev/it/docs/configuration-page-layout.md#impaginazione), [`locale`](https://postext.dev/it/docs/configuration-language.md#sillabazione), [`orderedLists`](https://postext.dev/it/docs/configuration-lists-math.md#elenchi-numerati), [`page`](https://postext.dev/it/docs/configuration-page-layout.md#pagina), [`paragraphStyles`](https://postext.dev/it/docs/configuration-styles.md#stili-di-paragrafo)

**API**

- [`buildDocument`](https://postext.dev/it/docs/configuration-programmatic-usage.md#costruire-un-documento), [`decompressWoff2`](https://postext.dev/it/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#provider-di-font-per-il-browser-fontsource--woff2), [`registerResourceImage`](https://postext.dev/it/docs/architecture.md#superficie-dellapi), [`renderPageToCanvas`](https://postext.dev/it/docs/configuration-programmatic-usage.md#rasterizzare-una-pagina), [`renderToPdf`](https://postext.dev/it/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#generare-pdf), [`withLoadedFonts`](https://postext.dev/it/docs/configuration-programmatic-usage.md#caricare-i-font-prima-dellimpaginazione)

**Caratteri**

- Noto Naskh Arabic (OFL-1.1), Baloo Bhaijaan 2 (OFL-1.1)

## Preparazione

### 1 · Non nominare nessun lato

Il codice è [la risposta breve](https://postext.dev/it/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md#la-risposta-breve) qui sopra. `locale: 'ar'` compone il testo da destra a sinistra, rilega il libro a destra e sceglie le cifre; lo stile degli esercizi prende dalla lingua le lettere abjad delle opzioni e صح e خطأ per il vero o falso. Le colonne da collegare, il riquadro di parole, il crucipuzzle e le righe di scrittura sono disegnati come design di riquadro, che una pagina da destra a sinistra rispecchia: la prima colonna sta a destra, una parola letta in orizzontale nella griglia va da destra a sinistra e i puntini da collegare si guardano nel mezzo.

### 2 · L’apertura dell’orto

```js
// script.js, righe 58–73
const BAND = 170 / 2.4; // mm: the painting's height at the page's width
const opener = { enabled: true, minHeight: mm(BAND - 20 + 21), slot: { elements: [
  { kind: 'image', id: 'picture', resourceId: '{attr.pic}', decorative: true, reserve: false,
    placement: { anchor: { to: 'page', edge: 'top-left' },
      size: { width: mm(170), height: mm(BAND) } } },
  // In the flow of a right-to-left page 'left' is the start of the line: the right.
  { kind: 'text', id: 'unit', content: '{attr.kicker}', fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(11),
    fontWeight: 700, color: col('paper'), align: 'left',
    box: { backgroundColor: col('accent'), borderRadius: mm(1.5),
      padding: { top: mm(0.6), bottom: mm(0.4), left: mm(2.4), right: mm(2.4) } },
    placement: { anchor: { to: 'container', edge: 'top-left' },
      offset: { x: mm(0), y: mm(BAND - 20 + 3) } } },
  { kind: 'text', id: 'title', content: '{titleText}', fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(30),
    fontWeight: 700, color: col('ink'), align: 'left',
    placement: { anchor: { to: '#unit', edge: 'right-of' }, offset: { x: mm(4), y: mm(-5) } } },
] } };
```

Il dipinto è ancorato alla pagina e tiene il suo posto. La linguetta e il titolo stanno nel flusso della pagina, dove `left` è l’inizio della riga, e così finiscono a destra senza coordinate proprie. I numeri di pagina restano fisici, come i titoli correnti, e indicano ogni lato.

### 3 · Due edizioni, due serie di cifre

```js
// script.js, righe 227–232
// Both are bound on the right and read from the right; only the locale changes.
const build = () => withLoadedFonts(() => buildDocument({ markdown, resources }, config()),
  { ...kitFonts(FONTS), text: markdown });
const mashriq = await build();
edition = { locale: 'ar-MA' }; // the same book for Morocco: European digits, still right to left
const docs = [mashriq, await build()];
```

La configurazione è una funzione, quindi ogni composizione riceve il suo oggetto, e la seconda cambia solo la lingua. `ar-MA` scrive in cifre europee i numeri degli esercizi, delle voci, delle soluzioni e delle pagine, e lascia il resto com’era: la direzione, la rilegatura, le lettere abjad e le parole delle soluzioni.

## La ricetta completa

Un unico file, composto a partire dalla cartella della ricetta con il testo di esempio e il kit comune del Ricettario già inclusi; costruisce la propria pagina. Per eseguirlo, mettilo in uno `<script type="module">` di una pagina vuota, oppure incollalo nel pannello JS di un nuovo pen di CodePen (come modulo). Importa postext da esm.sh: non c’è niente da installare né da compilare.

- Cartella della ricetta: https://github.com/drnachio/postext/tree/main/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl

### script.js

```js
// ═══ Postext Cookbook · Nº 173 · An Arabic workbook, right to left ═══════════════
// https://postext.dev/en/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl
// Code: MIT · Text: original (CC BY 4.0) · Pictures: generated with diffusion models
// Fonts: Noto Naskh Arabic, Baloo Bhaijaan 2 (SIL OFL 1.1) · Needs postext ≥ 1.59.0
import {
  buildDocument, withLoadedFonts, renderPageToCanvas, registerResourceImage,
} from 'https://esm.sh/postext';
import { renderToPdf, decompressWoff2 } from 'https://esm.sh/postext-pdf';

const LANG = 'ar'; // @lang: the language of the frame; the workbook is Arabic in all
const RECIPE = 'arabic-workbook-rtl';

// ─── 1 · Design ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// #region palette: a garden workbook: ink, a terracotta accent, a leaf green, sand
const palette = {
  ink: '#22282e', // text
  accent: '#b9542a', // the one accent: exercise numbers, the unit tab, the word bank
  leaf: '#4f7d3a', // the second: rules and the word search's ruling
  sand: '#f8eedf', // the bank's ground, the answers box
  rule: '#c8b49b', // writing lines
  muted: '#6f655c', // folios, the name line, the colophon
  paper: '#ffffff',
};
const col = (id) => ({ hex: palette[id], model: 'hex', paletteId: id });
const colorPalette = [
  ...Object.entries(palette).map(([id, hex]) => ({ id, name: id, value: { hex, model: 'hex' } })),
  { id: 'main-color', name: 'accent (defaults)', value: { hex: palette.accent, model: 'hex' } },
];
// #endregion
// Naskh for the text, a rounded Arabic for the labels a child reads first.
const [TEXT, LABEL] = ['Noto Naskh Arabic', 'Baloo Bhaijaan 2'];

// #region answer: one exercise style read right to left, in the edition's digits
// The locale sets the direction, the binding and the digits: 'ar' writes the exercise
// numbers, the items and the key in Arabic-Indic digits (١ ٢ ٣), 'ar-MA' in European ones.
// Options take the abjad letters (أ ب ج), true/false the words صح / خطأ, both from the
// language. Nothing below names a side: the engine sets every part from the right.
const tamrin = {
  id: 'tamrin',
  number: { shape: 'disc', fontFamily: LABEL, background: col('accent') },
  instruction: { fontFamily: LABEL, bold: false, color: col('ink') },
  options: { layout: 'row' }, // أ) ب) ج) side by side, three to a row (columns=3)
  blank: { look: 'dots', color: col('muted') }, // a dotted line, as Arab workbooks print it
  match: { color: col('accent') },
  bank: { box: 'sunduq', order: 'shuffle' },
  area: { kind: 'lines', color: col('rule') },
  grid: { fontFamily: TEXT, rule: col('leaf'), uppercase: false }, // Arabic has no capitals
  answers: { color: col('leaf'), fontFamily: TEXT },
  solutions: { box: 'hulul' },
  marginTop: em(1.1), marginBottom: em(0.5),
};
// The solutions where :::solutions stands: at the end of the unit.
const exercises = { solutions: { placement: 'directive' } };
// #endregion


// #region opener: the garden to the bleed, the unit's tab and its title under it
const BAND = 170 / 2.4; // mm: the painting's height at the page's width
const opener = { enabled: true, minHeight: mm(BAND - 20 + 21), slot: { elements: [
  { kind: 'image', id: 'picture', resourceId: '{attr.pic}', decorative: true, reserve: false,
    placement: { anchor: { to: 'page', edge: 'top-left' },
      size: { width: mm(170), height: mm(BAND) } } },
  // In the flow of a right-to-left page 'left' is the start of the line: the right.
  { kind: 'text', id: 'unit', content: '{attr.kicker}', fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(11),
    fontWeight: 700, color: col('paper'), align: 'left',
    box: { backgroundColor: col('accent'), borderRadius: mm(1.5),
      padding: { top: mm(0.6), bottom: mm(0.4), left: mm(2.4), right: mm(2.4) } },
    placement: { anchor: { to: 'container', edge: 'top-left' },
      offset: { x: mm(0), y: mm(BAND - 20 + 3) } } },
  { kind: 'text', id: 'title', content: '{titleText}', fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(30),
    fontWeight: 700, color: col('ink'), align: 'left',
    placement: { anchor: { to: '#unit', edge: 'right-of' }, offset: { x: mm(4), y: mm(-5) } } },
] } };
// #endregion

// Folios at the foot's outer corner: running heads stay physical, so each side is named.
const foot = (id, content, parity, edge, x, extra = {}) => ({ kind: 'text', id, content, parity,
  pages: 'body', fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(9), color: col('muted'),
  placement: { anchor: { to: 'page', edge }, offset: { x: mm(x), y: mm(-11) } }, ...extra });
const footer = { elements: [
  foot('folio-v', '{pageNumber}', 'even', 'bottom-left', 16,
    { fontWeight: 700, color: col('accent') }),
  foot('title-v', '{title}', 'even', 'bottom-left', 24),
  foot('folio-r', '{pageNumber}', 'odd', 'bottom-right', -16,
    { fontWeight: 700, color: col('accent'), align: 'right' }),
  foot('title-r', '{chapterTitle}', 'odd', 'bottom-right', -24, { align: 'right' }),
] };

let edition = {}; // what the second build below changes: the Maghreb edition's locale
const config = () => ({
  locale: 'ar', // the Mashriq edition: ١ ٢ ٣
  colorPalette,
  exerciseStyles: [tamrin],
  exercises,
  page: { sizePreset: 'custom', width: mm(170), height: mm(240), dpi: 150,
    margins: { top: mm(20), bottom: mm(20), left: mm(18), right: mm(16), mirror: true } },
  layout: { layoutType: 'single' },
  bodyText: { fontFamily: TEXT, fontSize: pt(13), lineHeight: pt(22), color: col('ink'),
    boldColor: col('ink'), italicColor: col('ink'), referenceColor: col('ink'),
    textAlign: 'justify', firstLineIndent: pt(0), hyphenation: { enabled: false },
    avoidWidows: true, avoidOrphans: true },
  headings: { fontFamily: LABEL, color: col('ink'), fontWeight: 700,
    balancing: { enabled: false },
    levels: [{ level: 1, fontSize: pt(30), breakBefore: { parity: 'any' },
      advancedDesign: opener }] },
  orderedLists: { numberFormat: 'arabic', color: col('ink'), fontWeight: 700 },
  paragraphStyles: [
    { id: 'ism', fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(11), color: col('muted'), firstLineIndent: pt(0),
      textAlign: 'left', marginBottom: mm(3) },
    { id: 'colophon', fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(8), lineHeight: pt(13), color: col('muted'),
      textAlign: 'left', firstLineIndent: pt(0), marginTop: mm(6) },
  ],
  chipStyles: [{ id: 'khatt', backgroundEnabled: false, underline: 'dotted', borderWidth: pt(1),
    borderColor: col('muted'), minWidth: mm(26), paddingX: pt(0), paddingY: pt(0) }],
  calloutStyles: [
    { id: 'sunduq', background: col('sand'), border: { enabled: true, color: col('accent'),
      width: pt(1), style: 'dashed' }, borderRadius: mm(2.5),
    padding: { top: mm(2), right: mm(4), bottom: mm(2.5), left: mm(4) },
    body: { fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(12), textAlign: 'center' },
    marginTop: mm(1.5), marginBottom: mm(2.5) },
    { id: 'hulul', background: col('sand'), borderRadius: mm(2),
      stripe: { enabled: true, side: 'left', width: pt(3), color: col('leaf') },
      padding: { top: mm(3), right: mm(4), bottom: mm(3.5), left: mm(4) },
      titleStyle: { fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(13), fontWeight: 700, color: col('leaf') },
      body: { fontSize: pt(11), lineHeight: pt(19), color: col('ink'), firstLineIndent: pt(0) },
      marginTop: mm(6), marginBottom: mm(2), keepTogether: false },
  ],
  header: { elements: [] },
  footer,
  ...edition,
});

// ─── 2 · Content ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const markdown = String.raw`---
title: "كراسة التمارين · الصف الثاني"
---

# في الحديقة {kicker="الوحدة الثالثة" pic="garden"}

:::paragraphs{style="ism"}
الاسم: :chip[ ]{style="khatt"}  الصف: :chip[ ]{style="khatt"}  التاريخ: :chip[ ]{style="khatt"}
:::

:::exercise{columns=3}
اخترِ الإجابة الصحيحة.

1. تحتاج النبتة كي تنمو إلى:
   - [ ] الحجارة
   - [x] الماء
   - [ ] الرمل
2. نسقي الحديقة في الصباح الباكر لأنّ الشمس فيه:
   - [x] ليست حارّة
   - [ ] شديدة الحرارة
   - [ ] غائبة
3. يصنع النحل العسل من:
   - [ ] أوراق الشجر
   - [ ] حبّات التراب
   - [x] رحيق الأزهار
:::

:::exercise
صِلْ كلّ كلمة في العمود الأول بما يناسبها في العمود الثاني.

- النحلة -> تصنع العسل
- الشمس -> تمنح الضوء والدفء
- الجذور -> تمتصّ الماء من التربة
- الفراشة -> تنتقل من زهرة إلى زهرة
:::

:::exercise{bank}
أكمِلِ الفراغ بالكلمة المناسبة من الصندوق.

زرعت سلمى بذرة [[الليمون]] في أصيص صغير، ووضعته قرب [[النافذة]] حتى يصله الضوء، وصارت [[تسقيه]] كلّ يومين. وبعد أسبوعين ظهرت ورقتان [[خضراوان]].

::bank[الملح | السيّارة]
:::

:::exercise{type=truefalse}
ضع علامة في المربّع المناسب.

- [x] تصنع النحلة العسل من رحيق الأزهار.
- [ ] تنمو شجرة الليمون في يوم واحد.
- [x] الجذور تثبّت النبتة في التربة.
- [ ] نسقي النباتات بالحليب.
:::

:::exercise{type=scramble}
رتّبِ الكلمات لتكوّن جملة مفيدة، ثمّ اكتبها على السطر.

- تسقي / سلمى / الأزهار / في / الصباح
- يحمل / خالد / أصيص / النعناع
:::

:::exercise{type=wordsearch size=8}
ابحث في الشبكة عن أسماء الأشياء التي نراها في الحديقة، ثمّ لوّنها.

- شجرة
- زهرة
- تربة
- بذرة
- ورقة
- نحلة
- غصن
:::

:::solutions

:::paragraphs{style="colophon"}
الحروف: Noto Naskh Arabic وBaloo Bhaijaan 2 (رخصة SIL OFL) · الرسم: مولَّد بنماذج الانتشار · التمارين: نصّ أصليّ للكتاب (CC BY 4.0)
:::
`; // content.ar.md: one text for both editions

// ─── 3 · Fonts ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const FONTS = {
  'Noto Naskh Arabic': ['400', '700'], // the text, the word search's letters
  'Baloo Bhaijaan 2': ['400', '700'], // instructions, numbers, the title
};

// ─── 4 · Build & show ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
await loadFonts(FONTS, markdown);
// Each Arabic face's letters live in a file of their own (gotcha: arabic-fonts-subset).
await loadArabicFonts(FONTS, markdown);
await loadImage('garden-1600.jpg', asset('garden-1600.jpg'));
const resources = [{ id: 'garden', typeId: 'figure', kind: 'bitmap', createdAt: 0, updatedAt: 0,
  bitmap: { fileId: 'garden-1600.jpg', format: 'jpeg', width: 1600, height: 667 } }];
// #region editions: one text, two editions: Mashriq digits, then Maghreb digits
// Both are bound on the right and read from the right; only the locale changes.
const build = () => withLoadedFonts(() => buildDocument({ markdown, resources }, config()),
  { ...kitFonts(FONTS), text: markdown });
const mashriq = await build();
edition = { locale: 'ar-MA' }; // the same book for Morocco: European digits, still right to left
const docs = [mashriq, await build()];
// #endregion
showBook(docs, { title: t({ ar: 'كراسة تمارين عربية', en: 'An Arabic workbook, right to left',
  es: 'Un cuaderno de ejercicios árabe, de derecha a izquierda' }) });
offerPdf(() => renderToPdf(docs, { fontProvider: arabicPdfProvider, resourceBytes: imageBytes }),
  `${RECIPE}.pdf`);

// ─── Kit ── helpers shared by every Cookbook recipe · postext.dev/cookbook ─────

// ─── Kit · core v1 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
function mm(value) { return { value, unit: 'mm' }; }
function pt(value) { return { value, unit: 'pt' }; }
function em(value) { return { value, unit: 'em' }; }
/** The sample language's string: t({ en: 'Figure', es: 'Figura' }). */
function t(strings) { return strings[LANG] ?? Object.values(strings)[0]; }
/** A file in this recipe's assets folder, served from the Postext repo by jsDelivr. */
function asset(file) { return `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/drnachio/postext@main/cookbook/${RECIPE}/assets/${file}`; }

// ─── Kit · fonts v3 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
// Postext loads the faces a config asks for before layout and asks the kit
// for Fontsource's files, the ones the PDF embeds too.

/** buildDocumentWithFonts' options: the resolver, and FONTS' faces loaded
 *  with the config's. FONTS = { 'Family Name': ['400', '400i', '700'] }. */
function kitFonts(FONTS = {}) {
  const faces = Object.entries(FONTS).flatMap(([family, specs]) => specs.map((spec) =>
    ({ family, weight: parseInt(spec, 10), style: spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal' })));
  return { resolve: fontsourceResolver, faces };
}

/** A face's files with their ranges: latin, then latin-ext and greek when
 *  `text` needs them (kitSubsetsFor). Null for a face Fontsource lacks. */
async function fontsourceResolver(family, weight, style, { text = '' } = {}) {
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  if (meta && !(await fontsourceWeights(family, style)).includes(weight)) return null;
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  const at = await fontsourceAt(id);
  return ['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)].map((subset) => ({
    source: `${at}files/${id}-${subset}-${weight}-${style}.woff2`,
    unicodeRange: kitRanges()[subset],
  }));
}

/** Each file's unicode-range (a function: the kit runs after the pen's code). */
function kitRanges() {
  return {
    latin: 'U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,'
      + 'U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD',
    'latin-ext': 'U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,'
      + 'U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF',
    greek: 'U+0370-03FF',
  };
}

/** For the cjk, arabic and comics blocks: loads `faces` (as FONTS) for the
 *  sample `text`; `optional` skips a face Fontsource lacks. Files are added in
 *  the order asked, the last winning a shared character. Resolves to the count. */
async function loadFonts(faces, text = '', { optional = false } = {}) {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  const ranges = kitRanges();
  const jobs = [];
  for (const [family, specs] of Object.entries(faces)) {
    const id = fontsourceId(family);
    const todo = [...new Set(specs)].map((spec) => [parseInt(spec, 10), spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal'])
      .filter(([weight, style]) => !hasFace(family, weight, style)); // before any await
    const at = fontsourceAt(id);
    const meta = optional || /[^\0-ÿ]/u.test(text) ? await fontsourceMeta(family) : null;
    const subsets = ['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)];
    for (const [weight, style] of todo) {
      if (optional && !(meta && (await fontsourceWeights(family, style)).includes(weight))) continue;
      for (const subset of subsets) {
        const url = `${await at}files/${id}-${subset}-${weight}-${style}.woff2`;
        const face = new FontFace(family, `url(${url}) format('woff2')`,
          { weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: ranges[subset] });
        jobs.push(face.load().catch(() => {
          if (subset === 'latin' && !optional) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${weight} ${style}`);
        }));
      }
    }
  }
  const ready = await Promise.all(jobs).catch((error) => { kitFail(error); throw error; });
  return ready.filter((face) => face && document.fonts.add(face)).length;
}

/** A loaded FontFace covers this face (fonts.check() says yes to any family). */
function hasFace(family, weight, style) {
  for (const face of document.fonts) {
    if (face.status !== 'loaded' || face.style !== style) continue;
    if (face.family.replace(/^["']|["']$/g, '') !== family) continue;
    const [low, high = low] = face.weight.split(' ').map(Number);
    if (weight >= low && weight <= high) return true;
  }
  return false;
}

/** The files beyond latin `text` needs that `meta`'s family ships. */
function kitSubsetsFor(text, meta) {
  return [[/[Ā-˿ᴀ-ᶿḀ-ỿ†ℓⱠ-Ɀ꜠-ꟿ]/u, 'latin-ext'], [/[Ͱ-Ͽ]/u, 'greek']]
    .filter(([re, x]) => re.test(text) && meta?.subsets?.includes(x)).map(([, x]) => x);
}

/** Fontsource's id for a family: 'Source Serif 4' → 'source-serif-4'. */
function fontsourceId(family) { return family.toLowerCase().replace(/\s+/g, '-'); }

/** A package's folder at the one version @5 names now (#766). */
function fontsourceAt(id, u = `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fontsource/${id}@`) {
  return (fontsourceAt.c ??= {})[id] ??= fetch(u + '5/package.json').then((r) => r.json())
    .then((p) => p.version || 5, () => 5).then((v) => `${u}${v}/`);
}

/** The family's Fontsource metadata (weights, styles, subsets), or null. */
function fontsourceMeta(family, id = fontsourceId(family)) {
  return (fontsourceMeta.c ??= {})[id] ??= fetch(`https://api.fontsource.org/v1/fonts/${id}`)
    .then((res) => (res.ok ? res.json() : null), () => null);
}

/** The weights the package ships in `style`: the API pairs none (no Libre
 *  Caslon 700 italic file), so italics are read from latin-italic.css. */
function fontsourceWeights(family, style, id = fontsourceId(family)) {
  return (fontsourceWeights.c ??= {})[id + style] ??= fontsourceMeta(family).then(async (m) => {
    if (!m?.styles.includes(style)) return m ? [] : [400, 700];
    const css = style === 'italic' ? await fetch(`${await fontsourceAt(id)}latin-italic.css`).then((r) => (r.ok ? r.text() : ''), () => '') : '';
    const w = [...css.matchAll(/weight: (\d+)/g)].map((x) => +x[1]);
    return w.length ? w : m.weights;
  });
}

// ─── Kit · viewer v2 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
/** The pages as spreads on a dark desk, page 1 alone, then verso | recto,
 *  each painted when it scrolls near. Other options go to renderPageToCanvas. */
function showPages(docs, { title, width = 460, ...render } = {}) {
  const root = viewer(title);
  const pages = [docs].flat().flatMap((doc) =>
    doc.pages.map((page) => ({ doc, page, n: (doc.pageIndexOffset ?? 0) + page.index })));
  const spreads = [];
  let verso = null;
  for (const p of pages) {
    if (p.n % 2 === 1) { if (verso) spreads.push([verso, null]); verso = p; }
    else { spreads.push([verso, p]); verso = null; }
  }
  if (verso) spreads.push([verso, null]);
  const density = Math.min(window.devicePixelRatio || 1, 2);
  showPages.painter?.disconnect();
  const painter = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {
    for (const { isIntersecting, target } of entries) {
      if (!isIntersecting) continue;
      painter.unobserve(target);
      const { doc, page } = target.postext;
      renderPageToCanvas(page, doc, target, { ...render, scale: (width * density) / page.width });
    }
  }, { rootMargin: '800px' });
  showPages.painter = painter;
  root.replaceChildren(...spreads.map((pair) => {
    const spread = document.createElement('div');
    spread.className = 'pt-spread';
    for (const p of pair) {
      const figure = document.createElement('figure');
      if (p) {
        const label = p.page.pageLabel || String(p.n + 1);
        const canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
        canvas.postext = p;
        canvas.style.aspectRatio = `${p.page.width} / ${p.page.height}`;
        canvas.setAttribute('role', 'img');
        canvas.setAttribute('aria-label', `Page ${label}`);
        const folio = document.createElement('figcaption');
        folio.textContent = label;
        figure.append(canvas, folio);
        painter.observe(canvas);
      } else figure.className = 'pt-blank';
      spread.append(figure);
    }
    return spread;
  }));
  kitStatus(`${pages.length} ${pages.length === 1 ? 'page' : 'pages'}`);
  document.documentElement.dataset.postext = 'ready';
  return pages.length;
}

/** The desk, the bar and the error reporting, created once. */
function viewer(title) {
  if (!document.getElementById('pt-kit')) {
    document.head.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', `<style id="pt-kit">
      :root { color-scheme: dark; }
      body { margin: 0; background: #0e1014; color: #b9bcc4; font: 13px/1.45 system-ui, sans-serif; }
      #pt-bar { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 1; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center;
        gap: 6px 16px; padding: 10px 16px; background: rgb(14 16 20 / .92); backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
        border-bottom: 1px solid #23262d; }
      #pt-bar strong { color: #f4f1ea; font-weight: 600; }
      #pt-actions { display: flex; gap: 12px; margin-left: auto; }
      #pt-actions a, #pt-actions button { color: #d8a21a; font: inherit; background: none; border: 0; padding: 0; cursor: pointer; }
      #pages { display: grid; justify-items: center; gap: 48px; padding: 32px 16px 72px; }
      .pt-spread { display: flex; }
      .pt-spread figure { margin: 0; width: min(460px, 44vw); }
      .pt-spread canvas { display: block; width: 100%; background: #fff;
        box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
      .pt-spread figure:first-child canvas { box-shadow: inset -14px 0 14px -14px rgb(0 0 0 / .18), 0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
      .pt-spread figcaption { margin-top: 10px; text-align: center; font: 600 10px/1 system-ui, sans-serif;
        letter-spacing: .18em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #6c7079; }
      .pt-blank { visibility: hidden; }
      @media (max-width: 760px) {
        .pt-spread { flex-direction: column; gap: 32px; }
        .pt-spread figure { width: min(460px, 92vw); }
        .pt-blank { display: none; }
      }
    </style>`);
    document.body.insertAdjacentHTML('afterbegin',
      '<header id="pt-bar"><strong id="pt-title"></strong><span id="pt-status" role="status"></span><span id="pt-actions"></span></header>');
    document.getElementById('pt-title').textContent = document.title || 'Postext';
    addEventListener('error', (event) => kitFail(event.error ?? event.message));
    addEventListener('unhandledrejection', (event) => kitFail(event.reason));
  }
  if (title) document.getElementById('pt-title').textContent = title;
  return document.getElementById('pages')
    ?? document.body.appendChild(Object.assign(document.createElement('main'), { id: 'pages' }));
}

function kitStatus(text) {
  viewer();
  document.getElementById('pt-status').textContent = text;
}

function kitFail(error) {
  document.documentElement.dataset.postext = 'error';
  kitStatus(`Error: ${error?.message ?? error}`);
}

// ─── Kit · pdf v3 ── the same in every recipe that exports a PDF
/** The Fontsource files the screen used, as TrueType, with their range and
 *  place: the nearest weight the family ships in that style, upright with no italic;
 *  latin, then what its letters need (kitSubsetsFor). */
async function fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style, request) {
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const s = style === 'italic' && meta && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const shipped = meta ? await fontsourceWeights(family, s) : [];
  const weights = shipped.length ? shipped : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const text = String.fromCodePoint(...(request?.codePoints ?? []));
  const files = await Promise.all(['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)].map(async (subset, order) => {
    const res = await fetch(`${await fontsourceAt(id)}files/${id}-${subset}-${w}-${s}.woff2`);
    if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${w} ${s} ${subset}`);
    return Object.assign(await decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer())),
      { unicodeRange: kitRanges()[subset], order });
  }));
  return files.length === 1 ? files[0] : files;
}

/** A "Build the PDF" button; then "Open the PDF" (a new tab: CodePen's frame
 *  shows no PDFs) and a download link. */
function offerPdf(makePdf, filename) {
  viewer();
  const button = Object.assign(document.createElement('button'), { type: 'button', textContent: 'Build the PDF' });
  button.dataset.postextPdf = filename;
  button.addEventListener('click', async () => {
    button.disabled = true;
    button.textContent = 'Building the PDF…';
    try {
      const bytes = await makePdf();
      const url = URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([bytes], { type: 'application/pdf' }));
      const size = `${Math.max(1, Math.round(bytes.length / 1024))} KB`;
      button.replaceWith(
        Object.assign(document.createElement('a'), { href: url, target: '_blank', rel: 'noopener', textContent: 'Open the PDF ↗' }),
        Object.assign(document.createElement('a'), { href: url, download: filename, textContent: `Download ${filename} · ${size}` }));
    } catch (error) {
      button.disabled = false;
      button.textContent = 'Build the PDF';
      kitFail(error);
    }
  });
  document.getElementById('pt-actions').append(button);
}

// ─── Kit · images v3 ── recipes with pictures · postext.dev/cookbook
/** Registers a photo or PNG for the canvas and keeps its bytes for the PDF.
 *  fetch → ImageBitmap never taints the canvas (a plain cross-origin <img> would). */
async function loadImage(fileId, url) {
  const res = await fetch(url);
  if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Image not found (${res.status}): ${url}`);
  const bytes = new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer());
  registerResourceImage(fileId, await createImageBitmap(new Blob([bytes])));
  (loadImage.bytes ??= new Map()).set(fileId, bytes);
}

/** Registers SVG markup as a vector image, its fonts inside (inlineSvgFonts, ≥ 1.25).
 *  `options` go to registerResourceImage: { singleInk: true } tints it on the canvas. */
async function loadSvg(fileId, svg, options) {
  if (typeof inlineSvgFonts === 'function') svg = await inlineSvgFonts(svg, svgFaces);
  const img = new Image();
  img.src = `data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,${encodeURIComponent(svg)}`;
  await img.decode();
  registerResourceImage(fileId, img, options);
  (loadImage.bytes ??= new Map()).set(fileId, new TextEncoder().encode(svg));
}

/** A face's Fontsource files: nearest weight; latin + what the SVG sets. */
async function svgFaces(family, weight, style, { codePoints = [] } = {}) {
  const [id, m] = [fontsourceId(family), await fontsourceMeta(family)];
  const w = m?.weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a)) ?? weight;
  const s = m?.styles.includes(style) === false ? 'normal' : style;
  return Promise.all(['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(String.fromCodePoint(...codePoints), m)].map(async (x) => new Uint8Array(
    await (await fetch(`${await fontsourceAt(id)}files/${id}-${x}-${w}-${s}.woff2`)).arrayBuffer())));
}

/** renderToPdf({ resourceBytes: imageBytes }) */
function imageBytes(fileId) { return loadImage.bytes?.get(fileId); }

/** renderToHtml({ resourceImageUrl: imageUrl }) */
function imageUrl(fileId) {
  const bytes = imageBytes(fileId);
  if (!bytes) return undefined;
  imageUrl.urls ??= new Map();
  if (!imageUrl.urls.has(fileId)) {
    const type = /\.svg$/i.test(fileId) ? 'image/svg+xml' : /\.png$/i.test(fileId) ? 'image/png' : 'image/jpeg';
    imageUrl.urls.set(fileId, URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([bytes], { type })));
  }
  return imageUrl.urls.get(fileId);
}

// ─── Kit · arabic v2 ── Arabic-script faces · postext.dev/cookbook
// Fontsource ships an Arabic family as one file per subset and weight: the
// `arabic` file holds the letters, the harakat, the Arabic-Indic digits, the
// Arabic punctuation and the presentation forms; `latin` and `latin-ext`
// hold the rest. loadFonts loads the latin files; this block adds the arabic
// file of every Arabic family, for the canvas and for the PDF, which shapes
// the letters with HarfBuzz from the same bytes.

/** The code points of Fontsource's `arabic` subset, as its stylesheets
 *  declare them (the same unicode-range the browser picks the file by). A
 *  function, not a const: the kit is inlined after the recipe's top-level
 *  awaits, and a const read before its line throws, where a function
 *  declaration is hoisted. */
function arabicRange() {
  return 'U+0600-06FF,U+0750-077F,U+0870-088E,U+0890-0891,U+0897-08E1,U+08E3-08FF,'
    + 'U+200C-200E,U+2010-2011,U+204F,U+2E41,U+FB50-FDFF,U+FE70-FE74,U+FE76-FEFC,U+102E0-102FB,'
    + 'U+10E60-10E7E,U+10EC2-10EC4,U+10EFC-10EFF,U+1EE00-1EEFF';
}

/** Whether code point `cp` is in the arabic file. */
function inArabicRange(cp) {
  inArabicRange.ranges ??= arabicRange().split(',').map((part) => {
    const [lo, hi = lo] = part.slice(2).split('-');
    return [parseInt(lo, 16), parseInt(hi, 16)];
  });
  return inArabicRange.ranges.some(([lo, hi]) => cp >= lo && cp <= hi);
}

/** Whether Fontsource serves `family` with an `arabic` subset. Fails when
 *  the API does not answer: an Arabic face taken for a Latin one would set
 *  its letters in a system face. */
async function isArabicFamily(family) {
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  if (!meta) throw new Error(`api.fontsource.org did not describe ${family}: reload to try again`);
  return !!meta.subsets?.includes('arabic');
}

/** The arabic file of a face. */
async function arabicFileUrl(family, weight, style) {
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  return `${await fontsourceAt(id)}files/${id}-arabic-${weight}-${style}.woff2`;
}

/** faces = { Amiri: ['400', '700'] }, as for loadFonts, after it: the whole
 *  FONTS object may be passed, its families without an arabic subset are
 *  left alone. Adds the arabic file of every listed weight of each Arabic
 *  family (the latin files come from loadFonts) and loads it. `text` is
 *  the sample: fails when it holds an Arabic-script character the arabic
 *  file does not cover. List every weight the pages set in Arabic: a weight
 *  left to the engine's later round gets the latin file only, and its Arabic letters
 *  fall back to a system face. Resolves to the number of files loaded. */
async function loadArabicFonts(faces, text = '') {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  let loaded = 0;
  try {
    const outside = [...new Set(text)].filter((ch) => /\p{Script=Arabic}/u.test(ch) && !inArabicRange(ch.codePointAt(0)));
    if (outside.length) throw new Error(`Fontsource's arabic files have no ${outside.slice(0, 12).join(' ')}`);
    for (const [family, specs] of Object.entries(faces)) {
      if (!(await isArabicFamily(family))) continue;
      for (const spec of new Set(specs)) {
        const weight = parseInt(spec, 10);
        const style = spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal';
        const face = new FontFace(family, `url(${await arabicFileUrl(family, weight, style)}) format('woff2')`,
          { weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: arabicRange() });
        document.fonts.add(await face.load().catch(() => {
          throw new Error(`Fontsource has no arabic file for ${family} ${weight} ${style}`);
        }));
        loaded++;
      }
    }
  } catch (error) {
    kitFail(error);
    throw error;
  }
  return loaded;
}

/** The PDF font provider for recipes with Arabic faces: a family with an
 *  arabic subset gets its arabic file when its pages set Arabic letters
 *  (`request.codePoints`), then its latin file, and its latin-ext file for
 *  the letters beyond latin (transliteration: ā ḥ ʿ), each marked with its
 *  unicode-range and its place in the order the screen added them (latin
 *  and latin-ext by loadFonts, then arabic): the arabic file also has a
 *  space and brackets, which the browser takes from latin, the file whose
 *  range holds them, and postext-pdf follows it. Any other family goes to
 *  fontsourceProvider (the "pdf" block). */
async function arabicPdfProvider(family, weight, style, request) {
  if (!(await isArabicFamily(family))) return fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style, request);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const weights = meta.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const s = style === 'italic' && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const wanted = [...(request?.codePoints ?? [])];
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const subsets = !wanted.length || wanted.some(inArabicRange) ? ['arabic', 'latin'] : ['latin'];
  if (meta.subsets.includes('latin-ext') && wanted.some((cp) => /[Ā-˿Ḁ-ỿ]/u.test(String.fromCodePoint(cp)))) {
    subsets.push('latin-ext');
  }
  const at = await fontsourceAt(id);
  return Promise.all(subsets.map(async (subset) => {
    const url = `${at}files/${id}-${subset}-${w}-${s}.woff2`;
    const res = await fetch(url);
    if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource file ${url} (${res.status})`);
    const bytes = await decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer()));
    return Object.assign(bytes, { unicodeRange: subset === 'arabic' ? arabicRange() : kitRanges()[subset],
      order: ['latin', 'latin-ext', 'greek', 'arabic'].indexOf(subset) });
  }));
}

// ─── Kit · book v1 ── books bound on either edge · postext.dev/cookbook
// A book bound on the right (Arabic, Hebrew or Persian text, vertical
// Chinese, or page.binding 'right') opens from what a Latin reader calls
// the back: page 1 lies alone on the left of the spine, then [3 | 2].

/** showPages for a book bound on either edge. A right-bound book (the
 *  document says so: doc.binding is 'right' for page.binding 'right', for
 *  text that runs right to left and for vertical text, when the binding is
 *  left to 'auto') lies on the desk as it opens: page 1 alone on the left
 *  of the spine, then [3 | 2], the spine shade on each page's inner edge.
 *  `binding` ('left' | 'right') overrides the document's. */
function showBook(docs, { binding, ...options } = {}) {
  const count = showPages(docs, options);
  const right = (binding ?? [docs].flat()[0]?.binding) === 'right';
  if (!document.getElementById('pt-kit-book')) {
    // The pages keep direction ltr, as in a left-bound book: a canvas takes
    // the direction its element inherits, and under the spread's rtl a run
    // painted for an ltr canvas would end where the engine starts it.
    document.head.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', `<style id="pt-kit-book">
      .pt-spread[dir="rtl"] canvas { direction: ltr; }
      .pt-spread[dir="rtl"] figure:first-child canvas { box-shadow: inset 14px 0 14px -14px rgb(0 0 0 / .18),
        0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
    </style>`);
  }
  // Each pair stays [verso, recto] in the page; right to left, the verso
  // sits on the right. Phones stack the pages in reading order either way.
  for (const spread of document.querySelectorAll('#pages > .pt-spread')) spread.dir = right ? 'rtl' : 'ltr';
  document.getElementById('pages').dataset.binding = right ? 'right' : 'left';
  return count;
}

// ─── /Kit ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
```

## Varianti

### Stampa la guida per l’insegnante

Le risposte si stampano allora al loro posto, nel colore di `answers`: i puntini collegati, le parole negli spazi, le caselle giuste piene e le parole cerchiate nella griglia.

```diff
-const exercises = { solutions: { placement: 'directive' } };
+const exercises = { edition: 'teacher', solutions: { placement: 'none' } };
```

### Scrivi gli esercizi in cinese

[Il quaderno di esercizi cinese](https://postext.dev/it/cookbook/chinese-exercise-book.md) compone gli stessi tipi di esercizio con parentesi e numerali suoi.

## Errori frequenti

- **Assegna a un libro arabo il tag 'ar', non LANG.** Le edizioni di una ricetta sono en ed es, ma un esempio arabo è arabo in entrambe: `locale: LANG` lo comporrebbe da sinistra a destra, lo rilegherebbe a sinistra, numererebbe le pagine 1 2 3 e darebbe alle figure didascalie Figure o Figura. Da postext 1.30 il tag è anche la lingua usata per lo shaping del testo (misura, disegno e incorporamento), quindi con un tag inglese o spagnolo un carattere come Markazi Text non disegna le forme arabe delle sue virgolette basse e dei suoi segni di interpunzione, e le righe vanno a capo altrove. Scrivi tu il tag: 'ar' (cifre arabo-indiane, la convenzione del Mashriq), una regione come 'ar-EG' o 'ar-SA', oppure 'ar-MA', 'ar-DZ' o 'ar-TN' per un’edizione del Maghreb con cifre europee. Una pagina latina che si limita a citare l’arabo mantiene la propria lingua.
- **I caratteri arabi hanno bisogno del loro file arabic, tramite il blocco arabic.** Fontsource serve Amiri, Noto Naskh Arabic o Scheherazade New come un file per sottoinsieme, e le lettere arabe stanno nel file arabic. loadFonts scarica solo latin (e latin-ext), così a schermo l’arabo viene da un font di sistema ed è misurato male, e fontsourceProvider passa al PDF quel file latin, che stampa riquadri vuoti. Elenca il blocco arabic del kit, chiama loadArabicFonts(FONTS, markdown) dopo loadFonts, con ogni peso che le pagine compongono in arabo elencato in FONTS, e passa a renderToPdf fontProvider: arabicPdfProvider.

- Quasi nessun carattere arabo ha ✓ o ✗: vero e falso si scrivono صح e خطأ, e la consegna chiede un segno nella casella.
- Il crucipuzzle riempie le caselle vuote con le lettere delle sue stesse parole, nella forma isolata. Scegli parole con lettere diverse, o la griglia si riempie di ة.

## Crediti

- Ricetta: Ignacio Ferro ([@drnachio](https://github.com/drnachio))
- Immagini: A school garden in an Arab town: date palms, a fountain, lemon trees, a girl watering plants and a boy carrying a pot of mint.: Generated With Diffusion Models, originale
- Caratteri: Noto Naskh Arabic (OFL-1.1), Baloo Bhaijaan 2 (OFL-1.1)
- Codice: MIT · Contenuto di esempio: CC-BY-4.0

## Ricette correlate

- [Nº 161 · Quaderno di scrittura in dieci grafie scolastiche](https://postext.dev/it/cookbook/handwriting-workbook.md): Un primo quaderno di scrittura in ogni lingua del sito: la grafia scolastica di ogni paese sulla sua rigatura, un modello, lettere da ripassare e righe vuote. · Livello 2 (Intermedio) · Quaderni ed eserciziari, Libri di testo
- [Nº 109 · Un’edizione maghrebina di un testo arabo, con cifre europee](https://postext.dev/it/cookbook/maghreb-edition-european-digits.md): Un capitolo arabo per il Marocco: il locale 'ar-MA' tiene il testo da destra a sinistra e rilegato a destra, e scrive ogni numero generato come 1, 2, 3. · Livello 1 (Base) · Manuali, guide e opere di consultazione
- [Nº 171 · Un quaderno di esercizi cinese, per alunno e insegnante](https://postext.dev/it/cookbook/chinese-exercise-book.md): Un 练习册 di cinese e matematica: sezioni 一、二、, parentesi （　）, 田字格 e operazioni in colonna, composto due volte da un solo testo, per l’alunno e l’insegnante. · Livello 2 (Intermedio) · Quaderni ed eserciziari, Libri di testo