# 右から左へ組むアラビア語の練習帳

> 右から左へ組んだアラビア語の小学校練習帳。أ ب جの選択肢、線で結ぶ2列、語群の枠、صحとخطأの欄、単語探し、アラビア・インド数字が入ります。

- HTML版: https://postext.dev/ja/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl
- レシピ No. 173 · 教科書 · 難易度 2 (中級) · 出力: Canvas, PDF
- ジャンル: ワークブックと練習問題, 教科書
- 必要なもの postext ≥ 1.59.0, postext-pdf ≥ 1.59.0 · テスト環境 1.59.0, postext-pdf 1.59.0 ／テスト日 2026-10-24
- ページ: [١](https://postext.dev/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl/ar/p01.webp?v=cd08e1dc), [٢](https://postext.dev/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl/ar/p02.webp?v=cd08e1dc), [٣](https://postext.dev/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl/ar/p03.webp?v=cd08e1dc), [٤](https://postext.dev/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl/ar/p04.webp?v=cd08e1dc), [1](https://postext.dev/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl/ar/p05.webp?v=cd08e1dc), [2](https://postext.dev/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl/ar/p06.webp?v=cd08e1dc), [3](https://postext.dev/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl/ar/p07.webp?v=cd08e1dc), [4](https://postext.dev/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl/ar/p08.webp?v=cd08e1dc)
- Sandboxで開く: https://postext.dev/ja/sandbox#recipe=arabic-workbook-rtl&lang=ar (.postext: https://postext.dev/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl/ar/arabic-workbook-rtl.postext)
- 最終更新: 2026-10-24
- 他の言語: [en](https://postext.dev/en/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md), [es](https://postext.dev/es/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md), [ca](https://postext.dev/ca/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md), [de](https://postext.dev/de/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md), [fr](https://postext.dev/fr/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md), [it](https://postext.dev/it/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md), [pt](https://postext.dev/pt/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md), [zh](https://postext.dev/zh/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md), [ar](https://postext.dev/ar/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md)

## かんたんな説明

学校の菜園を題材にした、子ども向けアラビア語練習帳のページです。答えを選び、2列を線で結び、枠の言葉で空欄を埋め、正誤に印をつけ、言葉を並べ替え、文字の表から言葉を探します。

## できあがり

学校の菜園を題材にした、アラビア語練習帳2年生用の1単元です。判型は17 × 24 cm。水彩画の帯で始まり、単元のタブと題名、名前・組・日付の点線が続きます。そのあとに、アラブの小学校の本が刷る練習が並びます。أ) ب) ج)を1行に3つ並べて正しい答えを選ぶ問題、2列を線で結ぶ問題、語群の枠から空欄を埋める問題、صحかخطأに印をつける問題、言葉を並べ替えて文を線の上に書く問題、文字の表から菜園の言葉を7つ探す問題です。単元の最後に解答が付きます。同じ本文を2回組みます。マシュリク版は番号をすべてアラビア・インド数字١ ٢ ٣で、マグリブ版はヨーロッパ数字で刷ります。どちらも右から読み、右綴じです。

**このレシピが答える問い:**

- アラビア語の練習帳を、線で結ぶ問題やアラビア・インド数字とともに右から左へ組むには？
- 丸数字、語群、正誤問題、線結びのあるワークブックのページはどう組む？
- 語のリストから単語探しやクロスワードを作るには？

## 手短な答え

```js
// script.js, 行 34–53
// The locale sets the direction, the binding and the digits: 'ar' writes the exercise
// numbers, the items and the key in Arabic-Indic digits (١ ٢ ٣), 'ar-MA' in European ones.
// Options take the abjad letters (أ ب ج), true/false the words صح / خطأ, both from the
// language. Nothing below names a side: the engine sets every part from the right.
const tamrin = {
  id: 'tamrin',
  number: { shape: 'disc', fontFamily: LABEL, background: col('accent') },
  instruction: { fontFamily: LABEL, bold: false, color: col('ink') },
  options: { layout: 'row' }, // أ) ب) ج) side by side, three to a row (columns=3)
  blank: { look: 'dots', color: col('muted') }, // a dotted line, as Arab workbooks print it
  match: { color: col('accent') },
  bank: { box: 'sunduq', order: 'shuffle' },
  area: { kind: 'lines', color: col('rule') },
  grid: { fontFamily: TEXT, rule: col('leaf'), uppercase: false }, // Arabic has no capitals
  answers: { color: col('leaf'), fontFamily: TEXT },
  solutions: { box: 'hulul' },
  marginTop: em(1.1), marginBottom: em(0.5),
};
// The solutions where :::solutions stands: at the end of the unit.
const exercises = { solutions: { placement: 'directive' } };
```

## 材料

**学べること**

- [練習問題](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/exercises.md#練習問題): :::exercise フェンス。指示文、設問、答えを Markdown に書き、練習問題のスタイルに従って番号を付けて組む。紙でも画面でも同じ。
- [右から左のテキスト](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/arabic-layout.md#書字方向と双方向アルゴリズム): directionは文書の基本の方向を決めます。'auto'（既定）はlocaleの文字体系から方向を決めるので、'ar'、'fa'、'he'は右から左に組まれます。双方向アルゴリズム（UAX #9）が各行の中の欧文の語や数字を並べ、本は右綴じになります。
- [生成される番号の数字](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-language.md#文書の言語): numerals（'auto'、'latn'、'arab'、'arabext'）は、エンジンが書くすべての番号の数字を選びます。ノンブル、リストと注の番号、見出しと図のカウンター、目次と索引のページ番号です。'auto'はlocaleに従い、アラビア語では١٢٣、マグリブ（ar-MA、ar-DZ、ar-TN）では1 2 3を使います。著者が書いたテキストは書き換えません。

**ほかに使うもの**

- [練習問題のスタイル](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/exercises.md#練習問題スタイル)
- [選択問題と正誤問題](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/exercises.md#選択問題と正誤問題)
- [穴埋めと語群](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/exercises.md#穴埋めと語群)
- [線結びと分類](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/exercises.md#線で結ぶ問題と分類)
- [並べ替え](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/exercises.md#並べ替え)
- [単語探しとクロスワード](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/exercises.md#言葉さがしとクロスワード)
- [解答](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/exercises.md#解答)
- [アラビア語のフォント](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/arabic-layout.md#フォント)
- [アラビア語の番号スタイル](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/arabic-layout.md#数字と番号の書式)
- [右綴じの本](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-page-layout.md#綴じ)
- [インラインのチップ](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-styles.md#チップスタイル)
- [囲み](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-callouts.md#囲みスタイル)
- [デザインした章扉](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-headings.md#幅と詳細デザイン)
- [見出しの属性](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/document-format.md#見出しの属性)
- [ページデザインの画像](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-headers-footers.md#画像要素)
- [セマンティックカラーパレット](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-fonts-colors-viewers.md#カラーパレット)
- [PDFの書き出し](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#pdfの生成)
- [分割する囲み、分割しない囲み](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-callouts.md#calloutコンテナー)
- [段末そろえ](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-page-flow.md#段末そろえ)
- [記述問題と解答欄](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/exercises.md#記述問題と解答欄)
- [ページの役割ごとの柱](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-headers-footers.md#テキスト要素)
- [段落スタイル](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-styles.md#段落スタイル)
- [PDFに埋め込むフォント](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#なぜフォントプロバイダーが必要か)
- [リソースとしての図と表](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/document-format-resources.md#リソース)

**設定の一覧**

- [`bodyText`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-text.md#本文), [`calloutStyles`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-callouts.md#囲みスタイル), [`chipStyles`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-styles.md#チップスタイル), [`colorPalette`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-fonts-colors-viewers.md#カラーパレット), `exerciseStyles`, `exercises`, [`footer`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-headers-footers.md#柱とノンブル), [`header`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-headers-footers.md#柱とノンブル), [`headings`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-headings.md#見出し), [`layout`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-page-layout.md#レイアウト), [`locale`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-language.md#ハイフネーション), [`orderedLists`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-lists-math.md#番号付きリスト), [`page`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-page-layout.md#ページ), [`paragraphStyles`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-styles.md#段落スタイル)

**API**

- [`buildDocument`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-programmatic-usage.md#文書のビルド), [`decompressWoff2`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#ブラウザー向けフォントプロバイダーfontsource--woff2), [`registerResourceImage`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/architecture.md#apiの概要), [`renderPageToCanvas`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-programmatic-usage.md#ページをビットマップに描画する), [`renderToPdf`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#pdfの生成), [`withLoadedFonts`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-programmatic-usage.md#レイアウトの前にフォントを読み込む)

**書体**

- Noto Naskh Arabic (OFL-1.1), Baloo Bhaijaan 2 (OFL-1.1)

## 作り方

### 1 · 左右を書かない

コードは上の[手短な答え](https://postext.dev/ja/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md#手短な答え)にあります。`locale: 'ar'`で本文は右から左へ流れ、本は右綴じになり、数字も決まります。練習のスタイルは、選択肢のアブジャド文字と正誤のصحとخطأを言語から取ります。線で結ぶ2列、語群の枠、単語探し、書き込み線は枠のデザインとして描くので、右から左のページでは鏡像になります。最初の列は右に立ち、表を横に読む言葉は右から左へ進み、結ぶ点は中央で向かい合います。

### 2 · 菜園の扉

```js
// script.js, 行 58–73
const BAND = 170 / 2.4; // mm: the painting's height at the page's width
const opener = { enabled: true, minHeight: mm(BAND - 20 + 21), slot: { elements: [
  { kind: 'image', id: 'picture', resourceId: '{attr.pic}', decorative: true, reserve: false,
    placement: { anchor: { to: 'page', edge: 'top-left' },
      size: { width: mm(170), height: mm(BAND) } } },
  // In the flow of a right-to-left page 'left' is the start of the line: the right.
  { kind: 'text', id: 'unit', content: '{attr.kicker}', fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(11),
    fontWeight: 700, color: col('paper'), align: 'left',
    box: { backgroundColor: col('accent'), borderRadius: mm(1.5),
      padding: { top: mm(0.6), bottom: mm(0.4), left: mm(2.4), right: mm(2.4) } },
    placement: { anchor: { to: 'container', edge: 'top-left' },
      offset: { x: mm(0), y: mm(BAND - 20 + 3) } } },
  { kind: 'text', id: 'title', content: '{titleText}', fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(30),
    fontWeight: 700, color: col('ink'), align: 'left',
    placement: { anchor: { to: '#unit', edge: 'right-of' }, offset: { x: mm(4), y: mm(-5) } } },
] } };
```

絵はページに固定され、位置を保ちます。タブと題名はページの流れの中に置きます。そこでは`left`が行頭を指すので、自分の座標を持たなくても右側に立ちます。ノンブルは柱と同じく物理的なページに置き、左右をそれぞれ指定します。

### 3 · 2つの版、2種類の数字

```js
// script.js, 行 227–232
// Both are bound on the right and read from the right; only the locale changes.
const build = () => withLoadedFonts(() => buildDocument({ markdown, resources }, config()),
  { ...kitFonts(FONTS), text: markdown });
const mashriq = await build();
edition = { locale: 'ar-MA' }; // the same book for Morocco: European digits, still right to left
const docs = [mashriq, await build()];
```

設定は関数なので、組むたびに別のオブジェクトができ、2回目はロケールだけを変えます。`ar-MA`は練習番号、小問、解答、ノンブルをヨーロッパ数字で書きます。文字の向き、綴じ、アブジャド文字、解答の言葉はそのままです。

## レシピの全体

レシピのフォルダーから合成した1つのファイルで、サンプルのテキストとレシピ集の共通キットを埋め込んであり、自分でページを組み立てます。動かすには、空のページの`<script type="module">`に入れるか、新しいCodePenのpenのJSパネルに貼り付けます（モジュールとして）。esm.shからpostextを読み込むので、インストールもビルドも要りません。

- レシピのフォルダー: https://github.com/drnachio/postext/tree/main/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl

### script.js

```js
// ═══ Postext Cookbook · Nº 173 · An Arabic workbook, right to left ═══════════════
// https://postext.dev/en/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl
// Code: MIT · Text: original (CC BY 4.0) · Pictures: generated with diffusion models
// Fonts: Noto Naskh Arabic, Baloo Bhaijaan 2 (SIL OFL 1.1) · Needs postext ≥ 1.59.0
import {
  buildDocument, withLoadedFonts, renderPageToCanvas, registerResourceImage,
} from 'https://esm.sh/postext';
import { renderToPdf, decompressWoff2 } from 'https://esm.sh/postext-pdf';

const LANG = 'ar'; // @lang: the language of the frame; the workbook is Arabic in all
const RECIPE = 'arabic-workbook-rtl';

// ─── 1 · Design ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// #region palette: a garden workbook: ink, a terracotta accent, a leaf green, sand
const palette = {
  ink: '#22282e', // text
  accent: '#b9542a', // the one accent: exercise numbers, the unit tab, the word bank
  leaf: '#4f7d3a', // the second: rules and the word search's ruling
  sand: '#f8eedf', // the bank's ground, the answers box
  rule: '#c8b49b', // writing lines
  muted: '#6f655c', // folios, the name line, the colophon
  paper: '#ffffff',
};
const col = (id) => ({ hex: palette[id], model: 'hex', paletteId: id });
const colorPalette = [
  ...Object.entries(palette).map(([id, hex]) => ({ id, name: id, value: { hex, model: 'hex' } })),
  { id: 'main-color', name: 'accent (defaults)', value: { hex: palette.accent, model: 'hex' } },
];
// #endregion
// Naskh for the text, a rounded Arabic for the labels a child reads first.
const [TEXT, LABEL] = ['Noto Naskh Arabic', 'Baloo Bhaijaan 2'];

// #region answer: one exercise style read right to left, in the edition's digits
// The locale sets the direction, the binding and the digits: 'ar' writes the exercise
// numbers, the items and the key in Arabic-Indic digits (١ ٢ ٣), 'ar-MA' in European ones.
// Options take the abjad letters (أ ب ج), true/false the words صح / خطأ, both from the
// language. Nothing below names a side: the engine sets every part from the right.
const tamrin = {
  id: 'tamrin',
  number: { shape: 'disc', fontFamily: LABEL, background: col('accent') },
  instruction: { fontFamily: LABEL, bold: false, color: col('ink') },
  options: { layout: 'row' }, // أ) ب) ج) side by side, three to a row (columns=3)
  blank: { look: 'dots', color: col('muted') }, // a dotted line, as Arab workbooks print it
  match: { color: col('accent') },
  bank: { box: 'sunduq', order: 'shuffle' },
  area: { kind: 'lines', color: col('rule') },
  grid: { fontFamily: TEXT, rule: col('leaf'), uppercase: false }, // Arabic has no capitals
  answers: { color: col('leaf'), fontFamily: TEXT },
  solutions: { box: 'hulul' },
  marginTop: em(1.1), marginBottom: em(0.5),
};
// The solutions where :::solutions stands: at the end of the unit.
const exercises = { solutions: { placement: 'directive' } };
// #endregion


// #region opener: the garden to the bleed, the unit's tab and its title under it
const BAND = 170 / 2.4; // mm: the painting's height at the page's width
const opener = { enabled: true, minHeight: mm(BAND - 20 + 21), slot: { elements: [
  { kind: 'image', id: 'picture', resourceId: '{attr.pic}', decorative: true, reserve: false,
    placement: { anchor: { to: 'page', edge: 'top-left' },
      size: { width: mm(170), height: mm(BAND) } } },
  // In the flow of a right-to-left page 'left' is the start of the line: the right.
  { kind: 'text', id: 'unit', content: '{attr.kicker}', fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(11),
    fontWeight: 700, color: col('paper'), align: 'left',
    box: { backgroundColor: col('accent'), borderRadius: mm(1.5),
      padding: { top: mm(0.6), bottom: mm(0.4), left: mm(2.4), right: mm(2.4) } },
    placement: { anchor: { to: 'container', edge: 'top-left' },
      offset: { x: mm(0), y: mm(BAND - 20 + 3) } } },
  { kind: 'text', id: 'title', content: '{titleText}', fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(30),
    fontWeight: 700, color: col('ink'), align: 'left',
    placement: { anchor: { to: '#unit', edge: 'right-of' }, offset: { x: mm(4), y: mm(-5) } } },
] } };
// #endregion

// Folios at the foot's outer corner: running heads stay physical, so each side is named.
const foot = (id, content, parity, edge, x, extra = {}) => ({ kind: 'text', id, content, parity,
  pages: 'body', fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(9), color: col('muted'),
  placement: { anchor: { to: 'page', edge }, offset: { x: mm(x), y: mm(-11) } }, ...extra });
const footer = { elements: [
  foot('folio-v', '{pageNumber}', 'even', 'bottom-left', 16,
    { fontWeight: 700, color: col('accent') }),
  foot('title-v', '{title}', 'even', 'bottom-left', 24),
  foot('folio-r', '{pageNumber}', 'odd', 'bottom-right', -16,
    { fontWeight: 700, color: col('accent'), align: 'right' }),
  foot('title-r', '{chapterTitle}', 'odd', 'bottom-right', -24, { align: 'right' }),
] };

let edition = {}; // what the second build below changes: the Maghreb edition's locale
const config = () => ({
  locale: 'ar', // the Mashriq edition: ١ ٢ ٣
  colorPalette,
  exerciseStyles: [tamrin],
  exercises,
  page: { sizePreset: 'custom', width: mm(170), height: mm(240), dpi: 150,
    margins: { top: mm(20), bottom: mm(20), left: mm(18), right: mm(16), mirror: true } },
  layout: { layoutType: 'single' },
  bodyText: { fontFamily: TEXT, fontSize: pt(13), lineHeight: pt(22), color: col('ink'),
    boldColor: col('ink'), italicColor: col('ink'), referenceColor: col('ink'),
    textAlign: 'justify', firstLineIndent: pt(0), hyphenation: { enabled: false },
    avoidWidows: true, avoidOrphans: true },
  headings: { fontFamily: LABEL, color: col('ink'), fontWeight: 700,
    balancing: { enabled: false },
    levels: [{ level: 1, fontSize: pt(30), breakBefore: { parity: 'any' },
      advancedDesign: opener }] },
  orderedLists: { numberFormat: 'arabic', color: col('ink'), fontWeight: 700 },
  paragraphStyles: [
    { id: 'ism', fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(11), color: col('muted'), firstLineIndent: pt(0),
      textAlign: 'left', marginBottom: mm(3) },
    { id: 'colophon', fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(8), lineHeight: pt(13), color: col('muted'),
      textAlign: 'left', firstLineIndent: pt(0), marginTop: mm(6) },
  ],
  chipStyles: [{ id: 'khatt', backgroundEnabled: false, underline: 'dotted', borderWidth: pt(1),
    borderColor: col('muted'), minWidth: mm(26), paddingX: pt(0), paddingY: pt(0) }],
  calloutStyles: [
    { id: 'sunduq', background: col('sand'), border: { enabled: true, color: col('accent'),
      width: pt(1), style: 'dashed' }, borderRadius: mm(2.5),
    padding: { top: mm(2), right: mm(4), bottom: mm(2.5), left: mm(4) },
    body: { fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(12), textAlign: 'center' },
    marginTop: mm(1.5), marginBottom: mm(2.5) },
    { id: 'hulul', background: col('sand'), borderRadius: mm(2),
      stripe: { enabled: true, side: 'left', width: pt(3), color: col('leaf') },
      padding: { top: mm(3), right: mm(4), bottom: mm(3.5), left: mm(4) },
      titleStyle: { fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(13), fontWeight: 700, color: col('leaf') },
      body: { fontSize: pt(11), lineHeight: pt(19), color: col('ink'), firstLineIndent: pt(0) },
      marginTop: mm(6), marginBottom: mm(2), keepTogether: false },
  ],
  header: { elements: [] },
  footer,
  ...edition,
});

// ─── 2 · Content ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const markdown = String.raw`---
title: "كراسة التمارين · الصف الثاني"
---

# في الحديقة {kicker="الوحدة الثالثة" pic="garden"}

:::paragraphs{style="ism"}
الاسم: :chip[ ]{style="khatt"}  الصف: :chip[ ]{style="khatt"}  التاريخ: :chip[ ]{style="khatt"}
:::

:::exercise{columns=3}
اخترِ الإجابة الصحيحة.

1. تحتاج النبتة كي تنمو إلى:
   - [ ] الحجارة
   - [x] الماء
   - [ ] الرمل
2. نسقي الحديقة في الصباح الباكر لأنّ الشمس فيه:
   - [x] ليست حارّة
   - [ ] شديدة الحرارة
   - [ ] غائبة
3. يصنع النحل العسل من:
   - [ ] أوراق الشجر
   - [ ] حبّات التراب
   - [x] رحيق الأزهار
:::

:::exercise
صِلْ كلّ كلمة في العمود الأول بما يناسبها في العمود الثاني.

- النحلة -> تصنع العسل
- الشمس -> تمنح الضوء والدفء
- الجذور -> تمتصّ الماء من التربة
- الفراشة -> تنتقل من زهرة إلى زهرة
:::

:::exercise{bank}
أكمِلِ الفراغ بالكلمة المناسبة من الصندوق.

زرعت سلمى بذرة [[الليمون]] في أصيص صغير، ووضعته قرب [[النافذة]] حتى يصله الضوء، وصارت [[تسقيه]] كلّ يومين. وبعد أسبوعين ظهرت ورقتان [[خضراوان]].

::bank[الملح | السيّارة]
:::

:::exercise{type=truefalse}
ضع علامة في المربّع المناسب.

- [x] تصنع النحلة العسل من رحيق الأزهار.
- [ ] تنمو شجرة الليمون في يوم واحد.
- [x] الجذور تثبّت النبتة في التربة.
- [ ] نسقي النباتات بالحليب.
:::

:::exercise{type=scramble}
رتّبِ الكلمات لتكوّن جملة مفيدة، ثمّ اكتبها على السطر.

- تسقي / سلمى / الأزهار / في / الصباح
- يحمل / خالد / أصيص / النعناع
:::

:::exercise{type=wordsearch size=8}
ابحث في الشبكة عن أسماء الأشياء التي نراها في الحديقة، ثمّ لوّنها.

- شجرة
- زهرة
- تربة
- بذرة
- ورقة
- نحلة
- غصن
:::

:::solutions

:::paragraphs{style="colophon"}
الحروف: Noto Naskh Arabic وBaloo Bhaijaan 2 (رخصة SIL OFL) · الرسم: مولَّد بنماذج الانتشار · التمارين: نصّ أصليّ للكتاب (CC BY 4.0)
:::
`; // content.ar.md: one text for both editions

// ─── 3 · Fonts ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const FONTS = {
  'Noto Naskh Arabic': ['400', '700'], // the text, the word search's letters
  'Baloo Bhaijaan 2': ['400', '700'], // instructions, numbers, the title
};

// ─── 4 · Build & show ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
await loadFonts(FONTS, markdown);
// Each Arabic face's letters live in a file of their own (gotcha: arabic-fonts-subset).
await loadArabicFonts(FONTS, markdown);
await loadImage('garden-1600.jpg', asset('garden-1600.jpg'));
const resources = [{ id: 'garden', typeId: 'figure', kind: 'bitmap', createdAt: 0, updatedAt: 0,
  bitmap: { fileId: 'garden-1600.jpg', format: 'jpeg', width: 1600, height: 667 } }];
// #region editions: one text, two editions: Mashriq digits, then Maghreb digits
// Both are bound on the right and read from the right; only the locale changes.
const build = () => withLoadedFonts(() => buildDocument({ markdown, resources }, config()),
  { ...kitFonts(FONTS), text: markdown });
const mashriq = await build();
edition = { locale: 'ar-MA' }; // the same book for Morocco: European digits, still right to left
const docs = [mashriq, await build()];
// #endregion
showBook(docs, { title: t({ ar: 'كراسة تمارين عربية', en: 'An Arabic workbook, right to left',
  es: 'Un cuaderno de ejercicios árabe, de derecha a izquierda' }) });
offerPdf(() => renderToPdf(docs, { fontProvider: arabicPdfProvider, resourceBytes: imageBytes }),
  `${RECIPE}.pdf`);

// ─── Kit ── helpers shared by every Cookbook recipe · postext.dev/cookbook ─────

// ─── Kit · core v1 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
function mm(value) { return { value, unit: 'mm' }; }
function pt(value) { return { value, unit: 'pt' }; }
function em(value) { return { value, unit: 'em' }; }
/** The sample language's string: t({ en: 'Figure', es: 'Figura' }). */
function t(strings) { return strings[LANG] ?? Object.values(strings)[0]; }
/** A file in this recipe's assets folder, served from the Postext repo by jsDelivr. */
function asset(file) { return `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/drnachio/postext@main/cookbook/${RECIPE}/assets/${file}`; }

// ─── Kit · fonts v3 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
// Postext loads the faces a config asks for before layout and asks the kit
// for Fontsource's files, the ones the PDF embeds too.

/** buildDocumentWithFonts' options: the resolver, and FONTS' faces loaded
 *  with the config's. FONTS = { 'Family Name': ['400', '400i', '700'] }. */
function kitFonts(FONTS = {}) {
  const faces = Object.entries(FONTS).flatMap(([family, specs]) => specs.map((spec) =>
    ({ family, weight: parseInt(spec, 10), style: spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal' })));
  return { resolve: fontsourceResolver, faces };
}

/** A face's files with their ranges: latin, then latin-ext and greek when
 *  `text` needs them (kitSubsetsFor). Null for a face Fontsource lacks. */
async function fontsourceResolver(family, weight, style, { text = '' } = {}) {
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  if (meta && !(await fontsourceWeights(family, style)).includes(weight)) return null;
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  const at = await fontsourceAt(id);
  return ['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)].map((subset) => ({
    source: `${at}files/${id}-${subset}-${weight}-${style}.woff2`,
    unicodeRange: kitRanges()[subset],
  }));
}

/** Each file's unicode-range (a function: the kit runs after the pen's code). */
function kitRanges() {
  return {
    latin: 'U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,'
      + 'U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD',
    'latin-ext': 'U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,'
      + 'U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF',
    greek: 'U+0370-03FF',
  };
}

/** For the cjk, arabic and comics blocks: loads `faces` (as FONTS) for the
 *  sample `text`; `optional` skips a face Fontsource lacks. Files are added in
 *  the order asked, the last winning a shared character. Resolves to the count. */
async function loadFonts(faces, text = '', { optional = false } = {}) {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  const ranges = kitRanges();
  const jobs = [];
  for (const [family, specs] of Object.entries(faces)) {
    const id = fontsourceId(family);
    const todo = [...new Set(specs)].map((spec) => [parseInt(spec, 10), spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal'])
      .filter(([weight, style]) => !hasFace(family, weight, style)); // before any await
    const at = fontsourceAt(id);
    const meta = optional || /[^\0-ÿ]/u.test(text) ? await fontsourceMeta(family) : null;
    const subsets = ['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)];
    for (const [weight, style] of todo) {
      if (optional && !(meta && (await fontsourceWeights(family, style)).includes(weight))) continue;
      for (const subset of subsets) {
        const url = `${await at}files/${id}-${subset}-${weight}-${style}.woff2`;
        const face = new FontFace(family, `url(${url}) format('woff2')`,
          { weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: ranges[subset] });
        jobs.push(face.load().catch(() => {
          if (subset === 'latin' && !optional) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${weight} ${style}`);
        }));
      }
    }
  }
  const ready = await Promise.all(jobs).catch((error) => { kitFail(error); throw error; });
  return ready.filter((face) => face && document.fonts.add(face)).length;
}

/** A loaded FontFace covers this face (fonts.check() says yes to any family). */
function hasFace(family, weight, style) {
  for (const face of document.fonts) {
    if (face.status !== 'loaded' || face.style !== style) continue;
    if (face.family.replace(/^["']|["']$/g, '') !== family) continue;
    const [low, high = low] = face.weight.split(' ').map(Number);
    if (weight >= low && weight <= high) return true;
  }
  return false;
}

/** The files beyond latin `text` needs that `meta`'s family ships. */
function kitSubsetsFor(text, meta) {
  return [[/[Ā-˿ᴀ-ᶿḀ-ỿ†ℓⱠ-Ɀ꜠-ꟿ]/u, 'latin-ext'], [/[Ͱ-Ͽ]/u, 'greek']]
    .filter(([re, x]) => re.test(text) && meta?.subsets?.includes(x)).map(([, x]) => x);
}

/** Fontsource's id for a family: 'Source Serif 4' → 'source-serif-4'. */
function fontsourceId(family) { return family.toLowerCase().replace(/\s+/g, '-'); }

/** A package's folder at the one version @5 names now (#766). */
function fontsourceAt(id, u = `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fontsource/${id}@`) {
  return (fontsourceAt.c ??= {})[id] ??= fetch(u + '5/package.json').then((r) => r.json())
    .then((p) => p.version || 5, () => 5).then((v) => `${u}${v}/`);
}

/** The family's Fontsource metadata (weights, styles, subsets), or null. */
function fontsourceMeta(family, id = fontsourceId(family)) {
  return (fontsourceMeta.c ??= {})[id] ??= fetch(`https://api.fontsource.org/v1/fonts/${id}`)
    .then((res) => (res.ok ? res.json() : null), () => null);
}

/** The weights the package ships in `style`: the API pairs none (no Libre
 *  Caslon 700 italic file), so italics are read from latin-italic.css. */
function fontsourceWeights(family, style, id = fontsourceId(family)) {
  return (fontsourceWeights.c ??= {})[id + style] ??= fontsourceMeta(family).then(async (m) => {
    if (!m?.styles.includes(style)) return m ? [] : [400, 700];
    const css = style === 'italic' ? await fetch(`${await fontsourceAt(id)}latin-italic.css`).then((r) => (r.ok ? r.text() : ''), () => '') : '';
    const w = [...css.matchAll(/weight: (\d+)/g)].map((x) => +x[1]);
    return w.length ? w : m.weights;
  });
}

// ─── Kit · viewer v2 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
/** The pages as spreads on a dark desk, page 1 alone, then verso | recto,
 *  each painted when it scrolls near. Other options go to renderPageToCanvas. */
function showPages(docs, { title, width = 460, ...render } = {}) {
  const root = viewer(title);
  const pages = [docs].flat().flatMap((doc) =>
    doc.pages.map((page) => ({ doc, page, n: (doc.pageIndexOffset ?? 0) + page.index })));
  const spreads = [];
  let verso = null;
  for (const p of pages) {
    if (p.n % 2 === 1) { if (verso) spreads.push([verso, null]); verso = p; }
    else { spreads.push([verso, p]); verso = null; }
  }
  if (verso) spreads.push([verso, null]);
  const density = Math.min(window.devicePixelRatio || 1, 2);
  showPages.painter?.disconnect();
  const painter = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {
    for (const { isIntersecting, target } of entries) {
      if (!isIntersecting) continue;
      painter.unobserve(target);
      const { doc, page } = target.postext;
      renderPageToCanvas(page, doc, target, { ...render, scale: (width * density) / page.width });
    }
  }, { rootMargin: '800px' });
  showPages.painter = painter;
  root.replaceChildren(...spreads.map((pair) => {
    const spread = document.createElement('div');
    spread.className = 'pt-spread';
    for (const p of pair) {
      const figure = document.createElement('figure');
      if (p) {
        const label = p.page.pageLabel || String(p.n + 1);
        const canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
        canvas.postext = p;
        canvas.style.aspectRatio = `${p.page.width} / ${p.page.height}`;
        canvas.setAttribute('role', 'img');
        canvas.setAttribute('aria-label', `Page ${label}`);
        const folio = document.createElement('figcaption');
        folio.textContent = label;
        figure.append(canvas, folio);
        painter.observe(canvas);
      } else figure.className = 'pt-blank';
      spread.append(figure);
    }
    return spread;
  }));
  kitStatus(`${pages.length} ${pages.length === 1 ? 'page' : 'pages'}`);
  document.documentElement.dataset.postext = 'ready';
  return pages.length;
}

/** The desk, the bar and the error reporting, created once. */
function viewer(title) {
  if (!document.getElementById('pt-kit')) {
    document.head.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', `<style id="pt-kit">
      :root { color-scheme: dark; }
      body { margin: 0; background: #0e1014; color: #b9bcc4; font: 13px/1.45 system-ui, sans-serif; }
      #pt-bar { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 1; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center;
        gap: 6px 16px; padding: 10px 16px; background: rgb(14 16 20 / .92); backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
        border-bottom: 1px solid #23262d; }
      #pt-bar strong { color: #f4f1ea; font-weight: 600; }
      #pt-actions { display: flex; gap: 12px; margin-left: auto; }
      #pt-actions a, #pt-actions button { color: #d8a21a; font: inherit; background: none; border: 0; padding: 0; cursor: pointer; }
      #pages { display: grid; justify-items: center; gap: 48px; padding: 32px 16px 72px; }
      .pt-spread { display: flex; }
      .pt-spread figure { margin: 0; width: min(460px, 44vw); }
      .pt-spread canvas { display: block; width: 100%; background: #fff;
        box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
      .pt-spread figure:first-child canvas { box-shadow: inset -14px 0 14px -14px rgb(0 0 0 / .18), 0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
      .pt-spread figcaption { margin-top: 10px; text-align: center; font: 600 10px/1 system-ui, sans-serif;
        letter-spacing: .18em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #6c7079; }
      .pt-blank { visibility: hidden; }
      @media (max-width: 760px) {
        .pt-spread { flex-direction: column; gap: 32px; }
        .pt-spread figure { width: min(460px, 92vw); }
        .pt-blank { display: none; }
      }
    </style>`);
    document.body.insertAdjacentHTML('afterbegin',
      '<header id="pt-bar"><strong id="pt-title"></strong><span id="pt-status" role="status"></span><span id="pt-actions"></span></header>');
    document.getElementById('pt-title').textContent = document.title || 'Postext';
    addEventListener('error', (event) => kitFail(event.error ?? event.message));
    addEventListener('unhandledrejection', (event) => kitFail(event.reason));
  }
  if (title) document.getElementById('pt-title').textContent = title;
  return document.getElementById('pages')
    ?? document.body.appendChild(Object.assign(document.createElement('main'), { id: 'pages' }));
}

function kitStatus(text) {
  viewer();
  document.getElementById('pt-status').textContent = text;
}

function kitFail(error) {
  document.documentElement.dataset.postext = 'error';
  kitStatus(`Error: ${error?.message ?? error}`);
}

// ─── Kit · pdf v3 ── the same in every recipe that exports a PDF
/** The Fontsource files the screen used, as TrueType, with their range and
 *  place: the nearest weight the family ships in that style, upright with no italic;
 *  latin, then what its letters need (kitSubsetsFor). */
async function fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style, request) {
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const s = style === 'italic' && meta && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const shipped = meta ? await fontsourceWeights(family, s) : [];
  const weights = shipped.length ? shipped : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const text = String.fromCodePoint(...(request?.codePoints ?? []));
  const files = await Promise.all(['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)].map(async (subset, order) => {
    const res = await fetch(`${await fontsourceAt(id)}files/${id}-${subset}-${w}-${s}.woff2`);
    if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${w} ${s} ${subset}`);
    return Object.assign(await decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer())),
      { unicodeRange: kitRanges()[subset], order });
  }));
  return files.length === 1 ? files[0] : files;
}

/** A "Build the PDF" button; then "Open the PDF" (a new tab: CodePen's frame
 *  shows no PDFs) and a download link. */
function offerPdf(makePdf, filename) {
  viewer();
  const button = Object.assign(document.createElement('button'), { type: 'button', textContent: 'Build the PDF' });
  button.dataset.postextPdf = filename;
  button.addEventListener('click', async () => {
    button.disabled = true;
    button.textContent = 'Building the PDF…';
    try {
      const bytes = await makePdf();
      const url = URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([bytes], { type: 'application/pdf' }));
      const size = `${Math.max(1, Math.round(bytes.length / 1024))} KB`;
      button.replaceWith(
        Object.assign(document.createElement('a'), { href: url, target: '_blank', rel: 'noopener', textContent: 'Open the PDF ↗' }),
        Object.assign(document.createElement('a'), { href: url, download: filename, textContent: `Download ${filename} · ${size}` }));
    } catch (error) {
      button.disabled = false;
      button.textContent = 'Build the PDF';
      kitFail(error);
    }
  });
  document.getElementById('pt-actions').append(button);
}

// ─── Kit · images v3 ── recipes with pictures · postext.dev/cookbook
/** Registers a photo or PNG for the canvas and keeps its bytes for the PDF.
 *  fetch → ImageBitmap never taints the canvas (a plain cross-origin <img> would). */
async function loadImage(fileId, url) {
  const res = await fetch(url);
  if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Image not found (${res.status}): ${url}`);
  const bytes = new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer());
  registerResourceImage(fileId, await createImageBitmap(new Blob([bytes])));
  (loadImage.bytes ??= new Map()).set(fileId, bytes);
}

/** Registers SVG markup as a vector image, its fonts inside (inlineSvgFonts, ≥ 1.25).
 *  `options` go to registerResourceImage: { singleInk: true } tints it on the canvas. */
async function loadSvg(fileId, svg, options) {
  if (typeof inlineSvgFonts === 'function') svg = await inlineSvgFonts(svg, svgFaces);
  const img = new Image();
  img.src = `data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,${encodeURIComponent(svg)}`;
  await img.decode();
  registerResourceImage(fileId, img, options);
  (loadImage.bytes ??= new Map()).set(fileId, new TextEncoder().encode(svg));
}

/** A face's Fontsource files: nearest weight; latin + what the SVG sets. */
async function svgFaces(family, weight, style, { codePoints = [] } = {}) {
  const [id, m] = [fontsourceId(family), await fontsourceMeta(family)];
  const w = m?.weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a)) ?? weight;
  const s = m?.styles.includes(style) === false ? 'normal' : style;
  return Promise.all(['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(String.fromCodePoint(...codePoints), m)].map(async (x) => new Uint8Array(
    await (await fetch(`${await fontsourceAt(id)}files/${id}-${x}-${w}-${s}.woff2`)).arrayBuffer())));
}

/** renderToPdf({ resourceBytes: imageBytes }) */
function imageBytes(fileId) { return loadImage.bytes?.get(fileId); }

/** renderToHtml({ resourceImageUrl: imageUrl }) */
function imageUrl(fileId) {
  const bytes = imageBytes(fileId);
  if (!bytes) return undefined;
  imageUrl.urls ??= new Map();
  if (!imageUrl.urls.has(fileId)) {
    const type = /\.svg$/i.test(fileId) ? 'image/svg+xml' : /\.png$/i.test(fileId) ? 'image/png' : 'image/jpeg';
    imageUrl.urls.set(fileId, URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([bytes], { type })));
  }
  return imageUrl.urls.get(fileId);
}

// ─── Kit · arabic v2 ── Arabic-script faces · postext.dev/cookbook
// Fontsource ships an Arabic family as one file per subset and weight: the
// `arabic` file holds the letters, the harakat, the Arabic-Indic digits, the
// Arabic punctuation and the presentation forms; `latin` and `latin-ext`
// hold the rest. loadFonts loads the latin files; this block adds the arabic
// file of every Arabic family, for the canvas and for the PDF, which shapes
// the letters with HarfBuzz from the same bytes.

/** The code points of Fontsource's `arabic` subset, as its stylesheets
 *  declare them (the same unicode-range the browser picks the file by). A
 *  function, not a const: the kit is inlined after the recipe's top-level
 *  awaits, and a const read before its line throws, where a function
 *  declaration is hoisted. */
function arabicRange() {
  return 'U+0600-06FF,U+0750-077F,U+0870-088E,U+0890-0891,U+0897-08E1,U+08E3-08FF,'
    + 'U+200C-200E,U+2010-2011,U+204F,U+2E41,U+FB50-FDFF,U+FE70-FE74,U+FE76-FEFC,U+102E0-102FB,'
    + 'U+10E60-10E7E,U+10EC2-10EC4,U+10EFC-10EFF,U+1EE00-1EEFF';
}

/** Whether code point `cp` is in the arabic file. */
function inArabicRange(cp) {
  inArabicRange.ranges ??= arabicRange().split(',').map((part) => {
    const [lo, hi = lo] = part.slice(2).split('-');
    return [parseInt(lo, 16), parseInt(hi, 16)];
  });
  return inArabicRange.ranges.some(([lo, hi]) => cp >= lo && cp <= hi);
}

/** Whether Fontsource serves `family` with an `arabic` subset. Fails when
 *  the API does not answer: an Arabic face taken for a Latin one would set
 *  its letters in a system face. */
async function isArabicFamily(family) {
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  if (!meta) throw new Error(`api.fontsource.org did not describe ${family}: reload to try again`);
  return !!meta.subsets?.includes('arabic');
}

/** The arabic file of a face. */
async function arabicFileUrl(family, weight, style) {
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  return `${await fontsourceAt(id)}files/${id}-arabic-${weight}-${style}.woff2`;
}

/** faces = { Amiri: ['400', '700'] }, as for loadFonts, after it: the whole
 *  FONTS object may be passed, its families without an arabic subset are
 *  left alone. Adds the arabic file of every listed weight of each Arabic
 *  family (the latin files come from loadFonts) and loads it. `text` is
 *  the sample: fails when it holds an Arabic-script character the arabic
 *  file does not cover. List every weight the pages set in Arabic: a weight
 *  left to the engine's later round gets the latin file only, and its Arabic letters
 *  fall back to a system face. Resolves to the number of files loaded. */
async function loadArabicFonts(faces, text = '') {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  let loaded = 0;
  try {
    const outside = [...new Set(text)].filter((ch) => /\p{Script=Arabic}/u.test(ch) && !inArabicRange(ch.codePointAt(0)));
    if (outside.length) throw new Error(`Fontsource's arabic files have no ${outside.slice(0, 12).join(' ')}`);
    for (const [family, specs] of Object.entries(faces)) {
      if (!(await isArabicFamily(family))) continue;
      for (const spec of new Set(specs)) {
        const weight = parseInt(spec, 10);
        const style = spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal';
        const face = new FontFace(family, `url(${await arabicFileUrl(family, weight, style)}) format('woff2')`,
          { weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: arabicRange() });
        document.fonts.add(await face.load().catch(() => {
          throw new Error(`Fontsource has no arabic file for ${family} ${weight} ${style}`);
        }));
        loaded++;
      }
    }
  } catch (error) {
    kitFail(error);
    throw error;
  }
  return loaded;
}

/** The PDF font provider for recipes with Arabic faces: a family with an
 *  arabic subset gets its arabic file when its pages set Arabic letters
 *  (`request.codePoints`), then its latin file, and its latin-ext file for
 *  the letters beyond latin (transliteration: ā ḥ ʿ), each marked with its
 *  unicode-range and its place in the order the screen added them (latin
 *  and latin-ext by loadFonts, then arabic): the arabic file also has a
 *  space and brackets, which the browser takes from latin, the file whose
 *  range holds them, and postext-pdf follows it. Any other family goes to
 *  fontsourceProvider (the "pdf" block). */
async function arabicPdfProvider(family, weight, style, request) {
  if (!(await isArabicFamily(family))) return fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style, request);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const weights = meta.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const s = style === 'italic' && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const wanted = [...(request?.codePoints ?? [])];
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const subsets = !wanted.length || wanted.some(inArabicRange) ? ['arabic', 'latin'] : ['latin'];
  if (meta.subsets.includes('latin-ext') && wanted.some((cp) => /[Ā-˿Ḁ-ỿ]/u.test(String.fromCodePoint(cp)))) {
    subsets.push('latin-ext');
  }
  const at = await fontsourceAt(id);
  return Promise.all(subsets.map(async (subset) => {
    const url = `${at}files/${id}-${subset}-${w}-${s}.woff2`;
    const res = await fetch(url);
    if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource file ${url} (${res.status})`);
    const bytes = await decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer()));
    return Object.assign(bytes, { unicodeRange: subset === 'arabic' ? arabicRange() : kitRanges()[subset],
      order: ['latin', 'latin-ext', 'greek', 'arabic'].indexOf(subset) });
  }));
}

// ─── Kit · book v1 ── books bound on either edge · postext.dev/cookbook
// A book bound on the right (Arabic, Hebrew or Persian text, vertical
// Chinese, or page.binding 'right') opens from what a Latin reader calls
// the back: page 1 lies alone on the left of the spine, then [3 | 2].

/** showPages for a book bound on either edge. A right-bound book (the
 *  document says so: doc.binding is 'right' for page.binding 'right', for
 *  text that runs right to left and for vertical text, when the binding is
 *  left to 'auto') lies on the desk as it opens: page 1 alone on the left
 *  of the spine, then [3 | 2], the spine shade on each page's inner edge.
 *  `binding` ('left' | 'right') overrides the document's. */
function showBook(docs, { binding, ...options } = {}) {
  const count = showPages(docs, options);
  const right = (binding ?? [docs].flat()[0]?.binding) === 'right';
  if (!document.getElementById('pt-kit-book')) {
    // The pages keep direction ltr, as in a left-bound book: a canvas takes
    // the direction its element inherits, and under the spread's rtl a run
    // painted for an ltr canvas would end where the engine starts it.
    document.head.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', `<style id="pt-kit-book">
      .pt-spread[dir="rtl"] canvas { direction: ltr; }
      .pt-spread[dir="rtl"] figure:first-child canvas { box-shadow: inset 14px 0 14px -14px rgb(0 0 0 / .18),
        0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
    </style>`);
  }
  // Each pair stays [verso, recto] in the page; right to left, the verso
  // sits on the right. Phones stack the pages in reading order either way.
  for (const spread of document.querySelectorAll('#pages > .pt-spread')) spread.dir = right ? 'rtl' : 'ltr';
  document.getElementById('pages').dataset.binding = right ? 'right' : 'left';
  return count;
}

// ─── /Kit ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
```

## アレンジ

### 教師用を刷る

解答が`answers`の色でそれぞれの場所に入ります。点は結ばれ、言葉は空欄に入り、正しい枠は塗られ、表の言葉は丸で囲まれます。

```diff
-const exercises = { solutions: { placement: 'directive' } };
+const exercises = { edition: 'teacher', solutions: { placement: 'none' } };
```

### 練習を中国語で書く

[中国語の練習帳](https://postext.dev/ja/cookbook/chinese-exercise-book.md)は、同じ種類の練習を中国語のかっこと数字で組みます。

## よくあるつまずき

- **アラビア語の本のタグはLANGではなく'ar'にする.** レシピの版はenとesですが、アラビア語のサンプルはどちらの版でもアラビア語です。`locale: LANG`では左から右に組まれ、左綴じになり、ページ番号は1 2 3となり、図のキャプションにはFigureやFiguraが付きます。postext 1.30以降、このタグはテキストを組む言語（計測、描画、埋め込みに使う言語）でもあるので、英語やスペイン語のタグでは、Markazi Textのようなフォントがギュメ（« »）や終止符をアラビア語の字形で描かず、改行の位置も変わります。タグは自分で書いてください。'ar'（アラビア・インド数字、マシュリク地域の慣習）、'ar-EG'や'ar-SA'のような地域付きのタグ、ヨーロッパ式数字を使うマグレブ版なら'ar-MA'、'ar-DZ'、'ar-TN'です。アラビア語を引用するだけのラテン文字のページは、自分のロケールのままにします。
- **アラビア語の書体にはarabicブロックを通じてarabicファイルが必要.** FontsourceはAmiri、Noto Naskh Arabic、Scheherazade Newをサブセットごとに1ファイルとして配信し、アラビア文字はarabicファイルに入っています。loadFontsが取得するのはlatin（とlatin-ext）だけなので、画面ではアラビア文字がシステムの書体で出て計測が狂い、fontsourceProviderはPDFにそのlatinファイルを渡すため、空の四角が印字されます。キットのarabicブロックを挙げ、loadFontsのあとにloadArabicFonts(FONTS, markdown)を呼び（ページでアラビア文字に使うすべてのウェイトをFONTSに挙げておきます）、renderToPdfにfontProvider: arabicPdfProviderを渡してください。

- アラビア語の書体の多くには✓も✗もありません。正誤の言葉はصحとخطأで、指示文は枠に印をつけるよう求めます。
- 単語探しは、空いたマスを自分の言葉の文字で、独立形のまま埋めます。文字の種類が多い言葉を選ばないと、表がةだらけになります。

## クレジット

- レシピ: Ignacio Ferro ([@drnachio](https://github.com/drnachio))
- 画像: A school garden in an Arab town: date palms, a fountain, lemon trees, a girl watering plants and a boy carrying a pot of mint.: Generated With Diffusion Models, オリジナル
- 書体: Noto Naskh Arabic (OFL-1.1), Baloo Bhaijaan 2 (OFL-1.1)
- コード: MIT · サンプルの内容: CC-BY-4.0

## 関連レシピ

- [No. 161 · 10の手書き書体で組む書き方練習帳](https://postext.dev/ja/cookbook/handwriting-workbook.md): サイトの言語ごとに組む、はじめての書き方練習帳。国ごとの学校の書体をその国の罫に置き、お手本、なぞる点線の文字、空の行と進みます。 · 難易度 2 (中級) · ワークブックと練習問題, 教科書
- [No. 109 · ヨーロッパ数字で組むアラビア語のマグレブ版](https://postext.dev/ja/cookbook/maghreb-edition-european-digits.md): モロッコ向けに印刷したアラビア語の章。ロケール'ar-MA'は本文を右から左・右綴じのまま保ち、生成する数字をすべて1、2、3で書きます。 · 難易度 1 (初級) · マニュアル・ガイド・リファレンス
- [No. 171 · 中国語の練習帳（练习册）、児童用と教師用](https://postext.dev/ja/cookbook/chinese-exercise-book.md): 国語と算数の练习册。一、二、の大問、（　）のかっこ、田字格、筆算の竖式を、ひとつのテキストから児童用と教師用の2回組みます。 · 難易度 2 (中級) · ワークブックと練習問題, 教科書