# 1枚のプリントを10の国の学校の流儀で

> 同じ7つの :::exercise を10の言語で組みます。各版は、その国の教科書が問題を組むやり方にならった問題スタイルで印刷します。

- HTML版: https://postext.dev/ja/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet
- レシピ No. 169 · 教科書 · 難易度 2 (中級) · 出力: Canvas, PDF
- ジャンル: ワークブックと練習問題, 教科書
- 必要なもの postext ≥ 1.59.0, postext-pdf ≥ 1.59.0 · テスト環境 1.59.0, postext-pdf 1.59.0 ／テスト日 2026-10-24
- ページ: [1](https://postext.dev/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet/ja/p01.webp?v=1f58e2d6), [2](https://postext.dev/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet/ja/p02.webp?v=1f58e2d6)
- PDF: https://postext.dev/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet/ja/school-traditions-worksheet.pdf?v=1f58e2d6
- Sandboxで開く: https://postext.dev/ja/sandbox#recipe=school-traditions-worksheet&lang=ja (.postext: https://postext.dev/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet/ja/school-traditions-worksheet.postext)
- 最終更新: 2026-10-24
- 他の言語: [en](https://postext.dev/en/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet.md), [es](https://postext.dev/es/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet.md), [ca](https://postext.dev/ca/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet.md), [de](https://postext.dev/de/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet.md), [fr](https://postext.dev/fr/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet.md), [it](https://postext.dev/it/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet.md), [pt](https://postext.dev/pt/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet.md), [zh](https://postext.dev/zh/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet.md), [ar](https://postext.dev/ar/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet.md)

## かんたんな説明

水のめぐりを扱う2ページの理科と算数のプリントを、10回作ります。問題はどれも同じで、番号、答えのわく、書く線、わり算の筆算が、それぞれの国の教科書と同じ見た目になります。

## できあがり

小学4年の理科と算数の講座から、プリント7「水のたび」を10の版で組みます。問題はどの言語でも同じです。答えを選び、正しいかどうかを答え、語群のことばで穴をうめ、ことばと意味を線で結び、ことばを丸で囲み、水そうの水を分け、水を節約するわけを書きます。各版は、その国の学校のやり方で印刷します。スペイン語版とカタルーニャ語版は番号を丸に入れ、V か F に印をつけさせ、わる数をわられる数の右の L 字の中に置いてわり算をします。フランス語版は四角の番号、*cases à cocher*、点線の空らん、答えを書く Seyès の紙を使います。ドイツ語版は *R* と *F*、*Lückentext*、1行で書く `864 : 4 =`、点で書くかけ算です。ブラジル版はかっこの中に V か F を書かせます。英語版は ⟌ の下でわり算をします。中国語版は大問を「一、二、」と数え、問題文のあとに（　）を置いて A. B. C. を横に並べ、√ か × を書かせ、最後は田字格に書く「看拼音，写词语」です。日本語版はア イ ウと○×を使い、アラビア語版は右から左へ進んで、أ ب ج と صح か خطأ を使います。

**このレシピが答える問い:**

- 同じプリントを、国ごとの教科書の問題と同じ形に組むにはどうしますか？
- わり算の筆算を国ごとの学校の書き方で組むには？
- 中国語の選択問題（問の後の（　）と一行に並ぶ A. B. C. D.）はどう組む？

## 手短な答え

```js
// script.js, 行 36–69
// The Markdown of every edition has the same seven exercises. What changes is this table:
// how the number prints, how options are labelled and answered, how true/false reads, where
// a blank is written, the paper of the open answer and the layout of long division.
const disc = { shape: 'disc' };
const square = { shape: 'square' };
const bare = { shape: 'none', suffix: '.' };
const TRADITIONS = {
  es: { number: disc, options: { marker: 'none' }, trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'line' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'potence' } },
  fr: { number: square, options: { marker: 'box' }, trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'dots' }, area: { kind: 'seyes', spacing: mm(8) },
    arithmetic: { division: 'potence' } },
  de: { number: square, options: { marker: 'box' }, trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'line' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'inline' } },
  it: { number: { shape: 'rounded' }, options: { marker: 'box' }, trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'dots' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'potence' } },
  pt: { number: bare, options: { marker: 'none' }, trueFalse: { look: 'bracket' },
    blank: { look: 'line' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'potence' } },
  en: { number: bare, options: { marker: 'none' }, trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'line' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'bracket' } },
  // 一、二、 sections; （　） after the stem and A. B. C. in a row; √ × in a bracket; 田字格.
  zh: { number: { shape: 'none', format: 'simp-chinese-informal', suffix: '、' },
    options: { labels: 'alpha-upper', suffix: '.', layout: 'row', bracket: true },
    trueFalse: { look: 'bracket' }, blank: { look: 'line' },
    area: { kind: 'tianzige', spacing: mm(13), lines: 1 }, arithmetic: { division: 'bracket' } },
  // ア イ ウ in a row with （　）, ○ × in a bracket, the number in a square.
  ja: { number: square, options: { labels: 'katakana', suffix: '', layout: 'row', bracket: true },
    trueFalse: { look: 'bracket' }, blank: { look: 'line' }, area: { kind: 'lines' },
    arithmetic: { division: 'bracket' } },
  ar: { number: disc, options: { marker: 'none', prefix: '(', suffix: ')' },
    trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'dots' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'bracket' } },
};
TRADITIONS.ca = TRADITIONS.es; // Catalan schools set exercises as Spanish ones do
```

## 材料

**学べること**

- [練習問題のスタイル](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/exercises.md#練習問題スタイル): exerciseStyles。練習問題の組み方を決める。番号（丸、四角、見出し語）、指示文、選択肢の記号、空欄、正誤の欄、線結びの点、語群、解答欄、マス目、活動アイコン、難易度。
- [筆算](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/exercises.md#筆算): 筆算（+ − ×）を一桁一マスで組む。わり算は各言語の学校の書き方に従う。英語圏の ⟌、ヨーロッパ南部のかぎ形、ドイツの 864 : 4 = の横書き。
- [選択問題と正誤問題](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/exercises.md#選択問題と正誤問題): タスクリスト（- [x] 正解、- [ ] 不正解）から選択問題を作る。選択肢は a) b) c)、A. B. C.、ア イ ウ、أ ب ج で、四角、丸、括弧で答える。正誤問題は言語ごとの記号（○ ×、√ ×、V F）。

**ほかに使うもの**

- [練習問題](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/exercises.md#練習問題)
- [穴埋めと語群](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/exercises.md#穴埋めと語群)
- [線結びと分類](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/exercises.md#線で結ぶ問題と分類)
- [記述問題と解答欄](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/exercises.md#記述問題と解答欄)
- [デザインした章扉](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-headings.md#幅と詳細デザイン)
- [見出しの属性](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/document-format.md#見出しの属性)
- [セマンティックカラーパレット](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-fonts-colors-viewers.md#カラーパレット)
- [中国語・日本語・韓国語のフォント](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#中国語日本語韓国語のフォント)
- [アラビア語のフォント](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/arabic-layout.md#フォント)
- [右綴じの本](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-page-layout.md#綴じ)
- [右から左のテキスト](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/arabic-layout.md#書字方向と双方向アルゴリズム)
- [ハイフネーションと文書の言語](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/justification.md#対応するロケール)
- [キャンバス上のページ](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-programmatic-usage.md#ページをビットマップに描画する)
- [PDFの書き出し](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#pdfの生成)
- [中国語の改行](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-east-asian.md#東アジアの組版)
- [解答](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/exercises.md#解答)
- [段落スタイル](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-styles.md#段落スタイル)
- [PDFに埋め込むフォント](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#なぜフォントプロバイダーが必要か)

**設定の一覧**

- [`bodyText`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-text.md#本文), [`colorPalette`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-fonts-colors-viewers.md#カラーパレット), `exerciseStyles`, [`footer`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-headers-footers.md#柱とノンブル), [`header`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-headers-footers.md#柱とノンブル), [`headings`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-headings.md#見出し), [`layout`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-page-layout.md#レイアウト), [`locale`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-language.md#ハイフネーション), [`orderedLists`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-lists-math.md#番号付きリスト), [`page`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-page-layout.md#ページ), [`paragraphStyles`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-styles.md#段落スタイル)

**API**

- [`buildDocument`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-programmatic-usage.md#文書のビルド), [`decompressWoff2`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#ブラウザー向けフォントプロバイダーfontsource--woff2), [`renderPageToCanvas`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-programmatic-usage.md#ページをビットマップに描画する), [`renderToPdf`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#pdfの生成), [`withLoadedFonts`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-programmatic-usage.md#レイアウトの前にフォントを読み込む)

**書体**

- Nunito (OFL-1.1), Baloo 2 (OFL-1.1), Noto Serif SC (OFL-1.1), Noto Sans SC (OFL-1.1), Klee One (OFL-1.1), Noto Sans JP (OFL-1.1), Noto Naskh Arabic (OFL-1.1), Baloo Bhaijaan 2 (OFL-1.1)

## 作り方

### 1 · 国ごとの流儀を表にまとめる

```js
// script.js, 行 36–69
// The Markdown of every edition has the same seven exercises. What changes is this table:
// how the number prints, how options are labelled and answered, how true/false reads, where
// a blank is written, the paper of the open answer and the layout of long division.
const disc = { shape: 'disc' };
const square = { shape: 'square' };
const bare = { shape: 'none', suffix: '.' };
const TRADITIONS = {
  es: { number: disc, options: { marker: 'none' }, trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'line' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'potence' } },
  fr: { number: square, options: { marker: 'box' }, trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'dots' }, area: { kind: 'seyes', spacing: mm(8) },
    arithmetic: { division: 'potence' } },
  de: { number: square, options: { marker: 'box' }, trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'line' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'inline' } },
  it: { number: { shape: 'rounded' }, options: { marker: 'box' }, trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'dots' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'potence' } },
  pt: { number: bare, options: { marker: 'none' }, trueFalse: { look: 'bracket' },
    blank: { look: 'line' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'potence' } },
  en: { number: bare, options: { marker: 'none' }, trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'line' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'bracket' } },
  // 一、二、 sections; （　） after the stem and A. B. C. in a row; √ × in a bracket; 田字格.
  zh: { number: { shape: 'none', format: 'simp-chinese-informal', suffix: '、' },
    options: { labels: 'alpha-upper', suffix: '.', layout: 'row', bracket: true },
    trueFalse: { look: 'bracket' }, blank: { look: 'line' },
    area: { kind: 'tianzige', spacing: mm(13), lines: 1 }, arithmetic: { division: 'bracket' } },
  // ア イ ウ in a row with （　）, ○ × in a bracket, the number in a square.
  ja: { number: square, options: { labels: 'katakana', suffix: '', layout: 'row', bracket: true },
    trueFalse: { look: 'bracket' }, blank: { look: 'line' }, area: { kind: 'lines' },
    arithmetic: { division: 'bracket' } },
  ar: { number: disc, options: { marker: 'none', prefix: '(', suffix: ')' },
    trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'dots' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'bracket' } },
};
TRADITIONS.ca = TRADITIONS.es; // Catalan schools set exercises as Spanish ones do
```

どの版も Markdown は同じです。7つの `:::exercise` があり、答えは本文に書いてあります（`- [x]`、`[[水じょう気]]`、`- じょう発 -> 水が水じょう気になる`、`- 864 ÷ 4`）。国によって違うのは形なので、形はこの表にだけ置きます。番号の形と数字、選択肢の記号、子どもがわくに印をつけるか記号を丸で囲むか、○×の見た目、空らんの見た目、書く場所、わり算の筆算の並べ方です。カタルーニャ語版はスペイン語版の行をそのまま使います。

### 2 · 共通のスタイルに国の流儀を重ねる

```js
// script.js, 行 73–87
const T = TRADITIONS[LANG];
const ficha = {
  id: 'ficha', ...T,
  number: { background: col('accent'), color: T.number.shape === 'none' ? col('accent')
    : col('paper'), fontFamily: LABEL, fontWeight: 700, ...T.number },
  // Chinese and Japanese sheets set the instructions in the gothic (黑体, ゴシック).
  instruction: { bold: true, color: col('ink'), ...(LANG === 'zh' || LANG === 'ja'
    ? { fontFamily: LABEL } : {}) },
  blank: { color: col('ink'), weight: pt(0.7), ...T.blank },
  match: { look: 'dots', gap: em(5), color: col('accent') },
  bank: { order: 'alpha' },
  area: { color: col('rule'), spacing: mm(9), weight: pt(0.6), ...T.area },
  grid: { cell: mm(8.5), fontFamily: TEXT, rule: col('rule'), color: col('ink') },
  marginTop: mm(7), marginBottom: mm(1), itemSpacing: em(0.4),
};
```

問題スタイルは `ficha` ひとつだけです。10枚に共通するもの（番号の青、灰色の罫線、問題と問題のあいだのあき）をこのスタイルが持ち、その上に版ごとの行を重ねます。行に書いていないことは言語が決めます。T F、V F、R F、√ ×、○ ×、صح خطأ はエンジンがもともと持っていることばで、a) b) c)、A. B. C.、ア イ ウ、أ ب ج も同じなので、どの版も自分では書きません。

### 3 · 文字ごとに書体を決める

```js
// script.js, 行 27–32
const FACES = {
  zh: { text: 'Noto Serif SC', label: 'Noto Sans SC' },
  ja: { text: 'Klee One', label: 'Noto Sans JP' },
  ar: { text: 'Noto Naskh Arabic', label: 'Baloo Bhaijaan 2' },
}[LANG] ?? { text: 'Nunito', label: 'Baloo 2' };
const [TEXT, LABEL] = [FACES.text, FACES.label];
```

ラテン文字の版は Nunito と Baloo 2 を共有します。中国語版は本文を宋体、問題文を黒体で組みます。日本語版は本文を教科書体の Klee One、問題文をゴシック体で組み、アラビア語版は Noto Naskh Arabic を使います。Klee One のいちばん太いウェイトは 600 なので、日本語版は太字を 600 にします（`boldFontWeight`）。700 にするとブラウザーが太字を描き足し、キャプチャーが失敗します。

### 4 · プリントの頭に名前を書く線を置く

```js
// script.js, 行 91–110
const at = (to, edge, x = 0, y = 0, size) => ({ anchor: { to, edge },
  offset: { x: mm(x), y: mm(y) }, ...(size && { size }) });
const field = (id, attr, x, width) => [
  { kind: 'text', id, content: `{attr.${attr}}`, fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(10),
    fontWeight: 700, color: col('muted'), align: 'left', placement: at('container', 'top-left',
      x, 28) },
  { kind: 'rule', id: `${id}-line`, direction: 'horizontal', thickness: pt(0.75),
    color: col('rule'), placement: at('container', 'top-left', x + 16, 33, { width: mm(width) }) },
];
const head = { enabled: true, minHeight: mm(38), slot: { elements: [
  { kind: 'box', id: 'band', style: { backgroundColor: col('accent'), borderRadius: mm(3) },
    placement: at('container', 'top-left', 0, 0, { width: 'fill', height: mm(21) }) },
  { kind: 'text', id: 'kicker', content: '{title} · {subtitle}', fontFamily: LABEL,
    fontSize: pt(8.5), fontWeight: 700, color: col('tint'), align: 'left',
    placement: at('container', 'top-left', 6, 3.5) },
  { kind: 'text', id: 'title', content: '{titleText}', fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(22),
    fontWeight: 700, color: col('paper'), align: 'left', lineHeight: 1.1,
    placement: at('container', 'top-left', 6, 9.5) },
  ...field('name', 'nombre', 0, 96), ...field('date', 'fecha', 120, 40),
] } };
```

レベル1の見出しが、帯、frontmatter から取った講座名、題、線のついた2つの欄を描きます。欄のことばは見出しの属性から取ります（`nombre="名前" fecha="日付"`）。そのため、コードに文字列をひとつも書かなくても、ドイツ語版には *Datum*、日本語版には「名前」と出ます。

## レシピの全体

レシピのフォルダーから合成した1つのファイルで、サンプルのテキストとレシピ集の共通キットを埋め込んであり、自分でページを組み立てます。動かすには、空のページの`<script type="module">`に入れるか、新しいCodePenのpenのJSパネルに貼り付けます（モジュールとして）。esm.shからpostextを読み込むので、インストールもビルドも要りません。

- レシピのフォルダー: https://github.com/drnachio/postext/tree/main/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet

### script.js

```js
// ═══ Postext Cookbook · Nº 169 · One worksheet in ten school traditions ═════════
// https://postext.dev/en/cookbook/school-traditions-worksheet
// Code: MIT · Text: original (CC BY 4.0) · Pictures: none
// Fonts: Nunito, Baloo 2, Klee One, Noto Naskh Arabic and others (SIL OFL) · Needs postext ≥ 1.59.0
import {
  buildDocument, withLoadedFonts, renderPageToCanvas,
} from 'https://esm.sh/postext';
import { renderToPdf, decompressWoff2 } from 'https://esm.sh/postext-pdf';

const LANG = 'ja'; // @lang: the language of the worksheet (en es ca fr de it pt zh ja ar)
const RECIPE = 'school-traditions-worksheet';

// ─── 1 · Design ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// #region palette: a blue-black ink, one blue accent, a pale tint, grey rules
const palette = {
  ink: '#1d2633', accent: '#2a5d9f', tint: '#e8f0fa', rule: '#a9b6c6', muted: '#5d6878',
  paper: '#ffffff',
};
const col = (id) => ({ hex: palette[id], model: 'hex', paletteId: id });
const colorPalette = [
  ...Object.entries(palette).map(([id, hex]) => ({ id, name: id, value: { hex, model: 'hex' } })),
  { id: 'main-color', name: 'accent (defaults)', value: { hex: palette.accent, model: 'hex' } },
];
// #endregion

// #region faces: Latin editions share two faces; Chinese, Japanese and Arabic their own
const FACES = {
  zh: { text: 'Noto Serif SC', label: 'Noto Sans SC' },
  ja: { text: 'Klee One', label: 'Noto Sans JP' },
  ar: { text: 'Noto Naskh Arabic', label: 'Baloo Bhaijaan 2' },
}[LANG] ?? { text: 'Nunito', label: 'Baloo 2' };
const [TEXT, LABEL] = [FACES.text, FACES.label];
// #endregion

// #region answer: the form of the exercises, as each country's school books set them
// The Markdown of every edition has the same seven exercises. What changes is this table:
// how the number prints, how options are labelled and answered, how true/false reads, where
// a blank is written, the paper of the open answer and the layout of long division.
const disc = { shape: 'disc' };
const square = { shape: 'square' };
const bare = { shape: 'none', suffix: '.' };
const TRADITIONS = {
  es: { number: disc, options: { marker: 'none' }, trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'line' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'potence' } },
  fr: { number: square, options: { marker: 'box' }, trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'dots' }, area: { kind: 'seyes', spacing: mm(8) },
    arithmetic: { division: 'potence' } },
  de: { number: square, options: { marker: 'box' }, trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'line' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'inline' } },
  it: { number: { shape: 'rounded' }, options: { marker: 'box' }, trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'dots' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'potence' } },
  pt: { number: bare, options: { marker: 'none' }, trueFalse: { look: 'bracket' },
    blank: { look: 'line' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'potence' } },
  en: { number: bare, options: { marker: 'none' }, trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'line' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'bracket' } },
  // 一、二、 sections; （　） after the stem and A. B. C. in a row; √ × in a bracket; 田字格.
  zh: { number: { shape: 'none', format: 'simp-chinese-informal', suffix: '、' },
    options: { labels: 'alpha-upper', suffix: '.', layout: 'row', bracket: true },
    trueFalse: { look: 'bracket' }, blank: { look: 'line' },
    area: { kind: 'tianzige', spacing: mm(13), lines: 1 }, arithmetic: { division: 'bracket' } },
  // ア イ ウ in a row with （　）, ○ × in a bracket, the number in a square.
  ja: { number: square, options: { labels: 'katakana', suffix: '', layout: 'row', bracket: true },
    trueFalse: { look: 'bracket' }, blank: { look: 'line' }, area: { kind: 'lines' },
    arithmetic: { division: 'bracket' } },
  ar: { number: disc, options: { marker: 'none', prefix: '(', suffix: ')' },
    trueFalse: { look: 'boxes' },
    blank: { look: 'dots' }, area: { kind: 'lines' }, arithmetic: { division: 'bracket' } },
};
TRADITIONS.ca = TRADITIONS.es; // Catalan schools set exercises as Spanish ones do
// #endregion

// #region style: the one exercise style, the edition's tradition over the house look
const T = TRADITIONS[LANG];
const ficha = {
  id: 'ficha', ...T,
  number: { background: col('accent'), color: T.number.shape === 'none' ? col('accent')
    : col('paper'), fontFamily: LABEL, fontWeight: 700, ...T.number },
  // Chinese and Japanese sheets set the instructions in the gothic (黑体, ゴシック).
  instruction: { bold: true, color: col('ink'), ...(LANG === 'zh' || LANG === 'ja'
    ? { fontFamily: LABEL } : {}) },
  blank: { color: col('ink'), weight: pt(0.7), ...T.blank },
  match: { look: 'dots', gap: em(5), color: col('accent') },
  bank: { order: 'alpha' },
  area: { color: col('rule'), spacing: mm(9), weight: pt(0.6), ...T.area },
  grid: { cell: mm(8.5), fontFamily: TEXT, rule: col('rule'), color: col('ink') },
  marginTop: mm(7), marginBottom: mm(1), itemSpacing: em(0.4),
};
// #endregion

// #region head: the worksheet's head, its title on a tinted band and the lines for a name
const at = (to, edge, x = 0, y = 0, size) => ({ anchor: { to, edge },
  offset: { x: mm(x), y: mm(y) }, ...(size && { size }) });
const field = (id, attr, x, width) => [
  { kind: 'text', id, content: `{attr.${attr}}`, fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(10),
    fontWeight: 700, color: col('muted'), align: 'left', placement: at('container', 'top-left',
      x, 28) },
  { kind: 'rule', id: `${id}-line`, direction: 'horizontal', thickness: pt(0.75),
    color: col('rule'), placement: at('container', 'top-left', x + 16, 33, { width: mm(width) }) },
];
const head = { enabled: true, minHeight: mm(38), slot: { elements: [
  { kind: 'box', id: 'band', style: { backgroundColor: col('accent'), borderRadius: mm(3) },
    placement: at('container', 'top-left', 0, 0, { width: 'fill', height: mm(21) }) },
  { kind: 'text', id: 'kicker', content: '{title} · {subtitle}', fontFamily: LABEL,
    fontSize: pt(8.5), fontWeight: 700, color: col('tint'), align: 'left',
    placement: at('container', 'top-left', 6, 3.5) },
  { kind: 'text', id: 'title', content: '{titleText}', fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(22),
    fontWeight: 700, color: col('paper'), align: 'left', lineHeight: 1.1,
    placement: at('container', 'top-left', 6, 9.5) },
  ...field('name', 'nombre', 0, 96), ...field('date', 'fecha', 120, 40),
] } };
// #endregion

const config = {
  locale: t({ en: 'en-gb', es: 'es', ca: 'ca', fr: 'fr', de: 'de', it: 'it', pt: 'pt-BR',
    zh: 'zh-Hans', ja: 'ja', ar: 'ar' }),
  colorPalette,
  page: { sizePreset: 'custom', width: mm(210), height: mm(297), dpi: 150,
    margins: { top: mm(18), bottom: mm(20), left: mm(18), right: mm(18), mirror: true } },
  layout: { layoutType: 'single' },
  bodyText: {
    fontFamily: TEXT, fontSize: pt(LANG === 'ar' ? 13.5 : 12), lineHeight: pt(LANG === 'ar'
      ? 22 : 18), color: col('ink'), boldColor: col('ink'), italicColor: col('ink'),
    referenceColor: col('ink'), textAlign: 'left', firstLineIndent: pt(0),
    boldFontWeight: LANG === 'ja' ? 600 : 700, // Klee One's heaviest cut is 600
    paragraphSpacing: false, hyphenation: { enabled: false }, optimalLineBreaking: true,
    avoidWidows: true, avoidOrphans: true, avoidRunts: true,
  },
  headings: { fontFamily: LABEL, color: col('ink'), fontWeight: 700, levels: [
    { level: 1, fontSize: pt(20), breakBefore: { parity: 'any' }, marginTop: pt(0),
      marginBottom: mm(1), advancedDesign: head },
  ] },
  exerciseStyles: [ficha],
  orderedLists: { fontFamily: LABEL, color: col('accent'), fontWeight: 700, marginTop: pt(0),
    marginBottom: pt(0) },
  paragraphStyles: [{ id: 'colophon', fontFamily: TEXT, fontSize: pt(7.5), lineHeight: pt(10),
    color: col('muted'), firstLineIndent: pt(0), marginTop: mm(6) }],
  header: { elements: [] },
  footer: { elements: [{ kind: 'text', id: 'folio', content: '{pageNumber}', fontFamily: LABEL,
    fontSize: pt(9), fontWeight: 700, color: col('accent'), align: 'center',
    placement: at('page', 'bottom', 0, -11) }] },
};

// ─── 2 · Content ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const markdown = String.raw`---
title: "理科と算数 · 4年"
subtitle: "プリント 7"
---

# 水のたび {nombre="名前" fecha="日付"}

地球の水は、いつも動いています。太陽が海をあたためると、水は空にのぼり、雨や雪になってまたふってきます。この水のたびを、水のじゅんかんといいます。

:::exercise
正しいものをア〜ウからえらび、記号で答えましょう。

1. 雲からふってくる水を何といいますか。
   - [ ] 水じょう気
   - [x] 雨
   - [ ] きり
2. 太陽が海をあたためると、海の水はどうなりますか。
   - [x] じょう発する
   - [ ] こおる
   - [ ] しずむ
:::

:::exercise{type="truefalse"}
正しいものには○、まちがっているものには×を書きましょう。

- [x] 雲は、小さな水のつぶでできている。
- [ ] 氷は、寒くなるととける。
- [x] 川は、水を海へ運ぶ。
- [ ] 雨は海から来るので、しおからい。
:::

:::exercise{bank}
下のことばから選んで、文を完成させましょう。

::bank[氷 | 風]

太陽が[[海]]をあたためます。水は[[水じょう気]]になって、空へのぼります。高いところでひやされて、[[雲]]になります。そして、[[雨]]や雪になってふってきます。
:::

:::exercise
ことばと、その意味を線でむすびましょう。

- じょう発 -> 水が水じょう気になる
- ぎょう結 -> 水じょう気が水のつぶになる
- ふっとう -> 熱した水から、さかんにあわが出る
- しみこむ -> 水が土の中に入っていく
:::

:::exercise
正しいほうのことばを○でかこみましょう。

1. 雪は、[[えき体 | (固体)]]の水です。
2. 水たまりは、[[(晴れ) | くもり]]の日のほうが早くかわきます。
3. 地球の水の大部分は、[[真水 | (海水)]]です。
:::

:::exercise{type="arithmetic"}
学校の水そうには 864 L の水が入ります。4 つの学級で同じように分けると、1 学級は何 L になりますか。筆算でもとめ、たしかめもしましょう。

- 864 ÷ 4
- 216 × 4
:::

:::exercise{type="open" lines="5"}
水を大切に使うのはなぜですか。理由を二つ書きましょう。

:::solution
使える真水は少なく、水をきれいにして家まで運ぶのにエネルギーがかかるからです。
:::
:::

:::paragraphs{style="colophon"}
本文 Klee One、見出し Noto Sans JP（SIL OFL）・オリジナルの文章（CC BY 4.0）
:::
`; // content.<lang>.md, inlined by the Cookbook

// ─── 3 · Fonts ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const FONTS = {
  Nunito: ['400', '700'], 'Baloo 2': ['700'], // the Latin editions
  'Noto Serif SC': ['400', '700'], 'Noto Sans SC': ['700'], // 宋 for the text, 黑 for heads
  'Klee One': ['400', '600'], 'Noto Sans JP': ['600', '700'], // 教科書体 and a gothic
  'Noto Naskh Arabic': ['400', '700'], 'Baloo Bhaijaan 2': ['700'],
};

// ─── 4 · Build & show ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// The edition loads its own faces only.
for (const family of Object.keys(FONTS)) if (![TEXT, LABEL].includes(family)) delete FONTS[family];
await loadFonts(FONTS, markdown);
await loadCjkFonts(FONTS, markdown);
await loadArabicFonts(FONTS, markdown);
const doc = await withLoadedFonts(() => buildDocument({ markdown }, config),
  { ...kitFonts(FONTS), text: markdown });
showBook(doc, { title: t({ en: 'Worksheet', es: 'Ficha', ca: 'Fitxa', fr: 'Fiche',
  de: 'Arbeitsblatt', it: 'Scheda', pt: 'Ficha', zh: '练习单', ja: 'プリント', ar: 'ورقة عمل' }) });
offerPdf(() => renderToPdf(doc, { fontProvider: { zh: cjkPdfProvider, ja: cjkPdfProvider,
  ar: arabicPdfProvider }[LANG] ?? fontsourceProvider }), `${RECIPE}-${LANG}.pdf`);

// ─── Kit ── helpers shared by every Cookbook recipe · postext.dev/cookbook ─────

// ─── Kit · core v1 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
function mm(value) { return { value, unit: 'mm' }; }
function pt(value) { return { value, unit: 'pt' }; }
function em(value) { return { value, unit: 'em' }; }
/** The sample language's string: t({ en: 'Figure', es: 'Figura' }). */
function t(strings) { return strings[LANG] ?? Object.values(strings)[0]; }
/** A file in this recipe's assets folder, served from the Postext repo by jsDelivr. */
function asset(file) { return `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/drnachio/postext@main/cookbook/${RECIPE}/assets/${file}`; }

// ─── Kit · fonts v3 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
// Postext loads the faces a config asks for before layout and asks the kit
// for Fontsource's files, the ones the PDF embeds too.

/** buildDocumentWithFonts' options: the resolver, and FONTS' faces loaded
 *  with the config's. FONTS = { 'Family Name': ['400', '400i', '700'] }. */
function kitFonts(FONTS = {}) {
  const faces = Object.entries(FONTS).flatMap(([family, specs]) => specs.map((spec) =>
    ({ family, weight: parseInt(spec, 10), style: spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal' })));
  return { resolve: fontsourceResolver, faces };
}

/** A face's files with their ranges: latin, then latin-ext and greek when
 *  `text` needs them (kitSubsetsFor). Null for a face Fontsource lacks. */
async function fontsourceResolver(family, weight, style, { text = '' } = {}) {
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  if (meta && !(await fontsourceWeights(family, style)).includes(weight)) return null;
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  const at = await fontsourceAt(id);
  return ['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)].map((subset) => ({
    source: `${at}files/${id}-${subset}-${weight}-${style}.woff2`,
    unicodeRange: kitRanges()[subset],
  }));
}

/** Each file's unicode-range (a function: the kit runs after the pen's code). */
function kitRanges() {
  return {
    latin: 'U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,'
      + 'U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD',
    'latin-ext': 'U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,'
      + 'U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF',
    greek: 'U+0370-03FF',
  };
}

/** For the cjk, arabic and comics blocks: loads `faces` (as FONTS) for the
 *  sample `text`; `optional` skips a face Fontsource lacks. Files are added in
 *  the order asked, the last winning a shared character. Resolves to the count. */
async function loadFonts(faces, text = '', { optional = false } = {}) {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  const ranges = kitRanges();
  const jobs = [];
  for (const [family, specs] of Object.entries(faces)) {
    const id = fontsourceId(family);
    const todo = [...new Set(specs)].map((spec) => [parseInt(spec, 10), spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal'])
      .filter(([weight, style]) => !hasFace(family, weight, style)); // before any await
    const at = fontsourceAt(id);
    const meta = optional || /[^\0-ÿ]/u.test(text) ? await fontsourceMeta(family) : null;
    const subsets = ['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)];
    for (const [weight, style] of todo) {
      if (optional && !(meta && (await fontsourceWeights(family, style)).includes(weight))) continue;
      for (const subset of subsets) {
        const url = `${await at}files/${id}-${subset}-${weight}-${style}.woff2`;
        const face = new FontFace(family, `url(${url}) format('woff2')`,
          { weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: ranges[subset] });
        jobs.push(face.load().catch(() => {
          if (subset === 'latin' && !optional) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${weight} ${style}`);
        }));
      }
    }
  }
  const ready = await Promise.all(jobs).catch((error) => { kitFail(error); throw error; });
  return ready.filter((face) => face && document.fonts.add(face)).length;
}

/** A loaded FontFace covers this face (fonts.check() says yes to any family). */
function hasFace(family, weight, style) {
  for (const face of document.fonts) {
    if (face.status !== 'loaded' || face.style !== style) continue;
    if (face.family.replace(/^["']|["']$/g, '') !== family) continue;
    const [low, high = low] = face.weight.split(' ').map(Number);
    if (weight >= low && weight <= high) return true;
  }
  return false;
}

/** The files beyond latin `text` needs that `meta`'s family ships. */
function kitSubsetsFor(text, meta) {
  return [[/[Ā-˿ᴀ-ᶿḀ-ỿ†ℓⱠ-Ɀ꜠-ꟿ]/u, 'latin-ext'], [/[Ͱ-Ͽ]/u, 'greek']]
    .filter(([re, x]) => re.test(text) && meta?.subsets?.includes(x)).map(([, x]) => x);
}

/** Fontsource's id for a family: 'Source Serif 4' → 'source-serif-4'. */
function fontsourceId(family) { return family.toLowerCase().replace(/\s+/g, '-'); }

/** A package's folder at the one version @5 names now (#766). */
function fontsourceAt(id, u = `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fontsource/${id}@`) {
  return (fontsourceAt.c ??= {})[id] ??= fetch(u + '5/package.json').then((r) => r.json())
    .then((p) => p.version || 5, () => 5).then((v) => `${u}${v}/`);
}

/** The family's Fontsource metadata (weights, styles, subsets), or null. */
function fontsourceMeta(family, id = fontsourceId(family)) {
  return (fontsourceMeta.c ??= {})[id] ??= fetch(`https://api.fontsource.org/v1/fonts/${id}`)
    .then((res) => (res.ok ? res.json() : null), () => null);
}

/** The weights the package ships in `style`: the API pairs none (no Libre
 *  Caslon 700 italic file), so italics are read from latin-italic.css. */
function fontsourceWeights(family, style, id = fontsourceId(family)) {
  return (fontsourceWeights.c ??= {})[id + style] ??= fontsourceMeta(family).then(async (m) => {
    if (!m?.styles.includes(style)) return m ? [] : [400, 700];
    const css = style === 'italic' ? await fetch(`${await fontsourceAt(id)}latin-italic.css`).then((r) => (r.ok ? r.text() : ''), () => '') : '';
    const w = [...css.matchAll(/weight: (\d+)/g)].map((x) => +x[1]);
    return w.length ? w : m.weights;
  });
}

// ─── Kit · viewer v2 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
/** The pages as spreads on a dark desk, page 1 alone, then verso | recto,
 *  each painted when it scrolls near. Other options go to renderPageToCanvas. */
function showPages(docs, { title, width = 460, ...render } = {}) {
  const root = viewer(title);
  const pages = [docs].flat().flatMap((doc) =>
    doc.pages.map((page) => ({ doc, page, n: (doc.pageIndexOffset ?? 0) + page.index })));
  const spreads = [];
  let verso = null;
  for (const p of pages) {
    if (p.n % 2 === 1) { if (verso) spreads.push([verso, null]); verso = p; }
    else { spreads.push([verso, p]); verso = null; }
  }
  if (verso) spreads.push([verso, null]);
  const density = Math.min(window.devicePixelRatio || 1, 2);
  showPages.painter?.disconnect();
  const painter = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {
    for (const { isIntersecting, target } of entries) {
      if (!isIntersecting) continue;
      painter.unobserve(target);
      const { doc, page } = target.postext;
      renderPageToCanvas(page, doc, target, { ...render, scale: (width * density) / page.width });
    }
  }, { rootMargin: '800px' });
  showPages.painter = painter;
  root.replaceChildren(...spreads.map((pair) => {
    const spread = document.createElement('div');
    spread.className = 'pt-spread';
    for (const p of pair) {
      const figure = document.createElement('figure');
      if (p) {
        const label = p.page.pageLabel || String(p.n + 1);
        const canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
        canvas.postext = p;
        canvas.style.aspectRatio = `${p.page.width} / ${p.page.height}`;
        canvas.setAttribute('role', 'img');
        canvas.setAttribute('aria-label', `Page ${label}`);
        const folio = document.createElement('figcaption');
        folio.textContent = label;
        figure.append(canvas, folio);
        painter.observe(canvas);
      } else figure.className = 'pt-blank';
      spread.append(figure);
    }
    return spread;
  }));
  kitStatus(`${pages.length} ${pages.length === 1 ? 'page' : 'pages'}`);
  document.documentElement.dataset.postext = 'ready';
  return pages.length;
}

/** The desk, the bar and the error reporting, created once. */
function viewer(title) {
  if (!document.getElementById('pt-kit')) {
    document.head.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', `<style id="pt-kit">
      :root { color-scheme: dark; }
      body { margin: 0; background: #0e1014; color: #b9bcc4; font: 13px/1.45 system-ui, sans-serif; }
      #pt-bar { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 1; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center;
        gap: 6px 16px; padding: 10px 16px; background: rgb(14 16 20 / .92); backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
        border-bottom: 1px solid #23262d; }
      #pt-bar strong { color: #f4f1ea; font-weight: 600; }
      #pt-actions { display: flex; gap: 12px; margin-left: auto; }
      #pt-actions a, #pt-actions button { color: #d8a21a; font: inherit; background: none; border: 0; padding: 0; cursor: pointer; }
      #pages { display: grid; justify-items: center; gap: 48px; padding: 32px 16px 72px; }
      .pt-spread { display: flex; }
      .pt-spread figure { margin: 0; width: min(460px, 44vw); }
      .pt-spread canvas { display: block; width: 100%; background: #fff;
        box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
      .pt-spread figure:first-child canvas { box-shadow: inset -14px 0 14px -14px rgb(0 0 0 / .18), 0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
      .pt-spread figcaption { margin-top: 10px; text-align: center; font: 600 10px/1 system-ui, sans-serif;
        letter-spacing: .18em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #6c7079; }
      .pt-blank { visibility: hidden; }
      @media (max-width: 760px) {
        .pt-spread { flex-direction: column; gap: 32px; }
        .pt-spread figure { width: min(460px, 92vw); }
        .pt-blank { display: none; }
      }
    </style>`);
    document.body.insertAdjacentHTML('afterbegin',
      '<header id="pt-bar"><strong id="pt-title"></strong><span id="pt-status" role="status"></span><span id="pt-actions"></span></header>');
    document.getElementById('pt-title').textContent = document.title || 'Postext';
    addEventListener('error', (event) => kitFail(event.error ?? event.message));
    addEventListener('unhandledrejection', (event) => kitFail(event.reason));
  }
  if (title) document.getElementById('pt-title').textContent = title;
  return document.getElementById('pages')
    ?? document.body.appendChild(Object.assign(document.createElement('main'), { id: 'pages' }));
}

function kitStatus(text) {
  viewer();
  document.getElementById('pt-status').textContent = text;
}

function kitFail(error) {
  document.documentElement.dataset.postext = 'error';
  kitStatus(`Error: ${error?.message ?? error}`);
}

// ─── Kit · pdf v3 ── the same in every recipe that exports a PDF
/** The Fontsource files the screen used, as TrueType, with their range and
 *  place: the nearest weight the family ships in that style, upright with no italic;
 *  latin, then what its letters need (kitSubsetsFor). */
async function fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style, request) {
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const s = style === 'italic' && meta && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const shipped = meta ? await fontsourceWeights(family, s) : [];
  const weights = shipped.length ? shipped : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const text = String.fromCodePoint(...(request?.codePoints ?? []));
  const files = await Promise.all(['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)].map(async (subset, order) => {
    const res = await fetch(`${await fontsourceAt(id)}files/${id}-${subset}-${w}-${s}.woff2`);
    if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${w} ${s} ${subset}`);
    return Object.assign(await decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer())),
      { unicodeRange: kitRanges()[subset], order });
  }));
  return files.length === 1 ? files[0] : files;
}

/** A "Build the PDF" button; then "Open the PDF" (a new tab: CodePen's frame
 *  shows no PDFs) and a download link. */
function offerPdf(makePdf, filename) {
  viewer();
  const button = Object.assign(document.createElement('button'), { type: 'button', textContent: 'Build the PDF' });
  button.dataset.postextPdf = filename;
  button.addEventListener('click', async () => {
    button.disabled = true;
    button.textContent = 'Building the PDF…';
    try {
      const bytes = await makePdf();
      const url = URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([bytes], { type: 'application/pdf' }));
      const size = `${Math.max(1, Math.round(bytes.length / 1024))} KB`;
      button.replaceWith(
        Object.assign(document.createElement('a'), { href: url, target: '_blank', rel: 'noopener', textContent: 'Open the PDF ↗' }),
        Object.assign(document.createElement('a'), { href: url, download: filename, textContent: `Download ${filename} · ${size}` }));
    } catch (error) {
      button.disabled = false;
      button.textContent = 'Build the PDF';
      kitFail(error);
    }
  });
  document.getElementById('pt-actions').append(button);
}

// ─── Kit · cjk v2 ── Chinese, Japanese and Korean books · postext.dev/cookbook
// Fontsource ships a CJK family as about a hundred files per weight, each
// declared in its stylesheet with the unicode-range it covers. The screen
// loads the files the sample touches; the PDF gets the same files for the
// characters its pages set in each face, and embeds each as a subset.
// A book bound on the right (vertical text) is shown with its spreads
// mirrored: page 1 alone on the left of the spine, then [3 | 2].

/** The files of a Fontsource face, read from its stylesheet: { url, range,
 *  ranges }, the last declared first (the order the browser tries them in). */
function cjkSlices(family, weight, style) {
  cjkSlices.cache ??= new Map();
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const css = `${id}/${weight}${style === 'italic' ? '-italic' : ''}.css`;
  if (!cjkSlices.cache.has(css)) {
    let at;
    cjkSlices.cache.set(css, fontsourceAt(id).then((a) => fetch(at = a + css.slice(id.length + 1)))
      .then((res) => {
        if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${weight} ${style} (${res.status})`);
        return res.text();
      })
      .then((text) => [...text.matchAll(/@font-face\s*{([^}]*)}/g)].map(([, rule]) => {
        const range = /unicode-range:\s*([^;]+);/.exec(rule)?.[1].trim() ?? 'U+0-10FFFF';
        const ranges = range.split(',').map((part) => {
          const [lo, hi = lo] = part.trim().slice(2).split('-');
          return [parseInt(lo, 16), parseInt(hi, 16)];
        });
        return { url: new URL(/url\(([^)]+?\.woff2)\)/.exec(rule)[1], at).href, range, ranges };
      }).reverse()));
  }
  return cjkSlices.cache.get(css);
}

/** The file of `slices` the screen sets code point `cp` in, if any: the
 *  last one loadCjkFonts adds whose range holds it. A numbered file that
 *  repeats a letter of latin is added after latin, and wins it. */
function cjkSliceFor(slices, cp) {
  const holds = (slice) => slice.ranges.some(([lo, hi]) => cp >= lo && cp <= hi);
  return slices.reduce((last, slice) => (holds(slice) ? slice : last), undefined);
}

/** Whether Fontsource serves `family` as a Chinese, Japanese or Korean
 *  family (its subsets name the script). Fails when the API does not
 *  answer: a CJK face taken for a Latin one would paint in a system face. */
async function isCjkFamily(family) {
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  if (!meta) throw new Error(`api.fontsource.org did not describe ${family}: reload to try again`);
  return !!meta.subsets?.some((subset) => /^(chinese|japanese|korean)/.test(subset));
}

/** faces = { 'Noto Serif TC': ['400', '700'] }, as for loadFonts: the
 *  whole FONTS object may be passed, its other families are left to
 *  loadFonts. Adds one FontFace per file of each CJK face with its
 *  unicodeRange, then loads the files `text` touches. `text` is what the
 *  faces set: the sample for the text face; a book in several voices calls
 *  it once per voice (loadCjkFonts({ 'LXGW WenKai TC': ['400'] }, quotes)),
 *  so the heading and quotation faces fetch and check only their own
 *  characters. Fails when a character of `text` is in no file of a face.
 *  List every weight the pages use: a weight left to the engine's later round
 *  gets the latin file only. With { vertical: true } it also loads each
 *  family's vertical forms (brackets, quotes, pause marks) for the canvas,
 *  which needs loadVerticalAlternates imported from postext. Resolves to
 *  the number of files loaded. */
async function loadCjkFonts(faces, text, { vertical = false } = {}) {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  let loaded = 0;
  try {
    if (vertical && typeof loadVerticalAlternates !== 'function') {
      throw new Error('loadCjkFonts(…, { vertical: true }) needs loadVerticalAlternates imported from postext');
    }
    for (const [family, specs] of Object.entries(faces)) {
      if (!(await isCjkFamily(family))) continue;
      const twin = [];
      for (const spec of new Set(specs)) {
        const weight = parseInt(spec, 10);
        const style = spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal';
        const slices = await cjkSlices(family, weight, style);
        const missing = [...new Set(text)].filter((ch) => /\S/.test(ch) && !cjkSliceFor(slices, ch.codePointAt(0)));
        if (missing.length) {
          throw new Error(`${family} ${spec} has no file for ${missing.slice(0, 12).join(' ')}: `
            + `give each face the text it sets (loadCjkFonts({ '${family}': ['${spec}'] }, text))`);
        }
        for (const slice of slices) {
          document.fonts.add(new FontFace(family, `url(${slice.url}) format('woff2')`,
            { weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: slice.range }));
          twin.push({ source: slice.url, weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: slice.range });
        }
        const font = `${style === 'italic' ? 'italic ' : ''}${weight} 16px "${family}"`;
        loaded += (await document.fonts.load(font, text)).length;
        if (!document.fonts.check(font, text)) throw new Error(`${family} ${spec} did not load for the sample`);
      }
      // The same files under a twin name with the `vert` feature on: the
      // canvas paints the punctuation of vertical lines with it.
      if (vertical && twin.length) await loadVerticalAlternates(family, twin);
    }
  } catch (error) {
    kitFail(error);
    throw error;
  }
  return loaded;
}

/** The PDF font provider for recipes with CJK faces: a family whose
 *  Fontsource subsets are Chinese, Japanese or Korean gets the files the
 *  screen set its pages' characters in (`request.codePoints`), each marked
 *  with its unicode-range and its place in the order loadCjkFonts added
 *  them: postext-pdf sets a character two files hold in the one added
 *  last, as the browser does. Any other family gets the latin file
 *  fontsourceProvider fetches (the "pdf" block) and, when the face sets
 *  letters only latin-ext has, that file too. */
async function cjkPdfProvider(family, weight, style, request) {
  if (!(await isCjkFamily(family))) return cjkLatinPdfFiles(family, weight, style, request);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const weights = meta.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const s = style === 'italic' && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const slices = await cjkSlices(family, w, s);
  const picked = new Set();
  for (const cp of request?.codePoints ?? []) {
    const slice = cjkSliceFor(slices, cp);
    if (slice) picked.add(slice);
  }
  if (!picked.size) picked.add(slices[0]);
  return Promise.all(slices.map(async (slice, order) => {
    if (!picked.has(slice)) return null;
    const res = await fetch(slice.url);
    if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource file ${slice.url} (${res.status})`);
    const bytes = await decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer()));
    return Object.assign(bytes, { unicodeRange: slice.range, order });
  })).then((files) => files.filter(Boolean));
}

/** A Latin family set next to the CJK faces: its latin file, then its
 *  latin-ext file when the face sets letters only latin-ext has (ō ū in
 *  Hepburn rōmaji, ǎ in pinyin), the file loadFonts adds on screen for
 *  them, each marked with its unicode-range and its place in that order:
 *  the PDF sets a character in the file the browser took it from. A face
 *  Fontsource ships without latin-ext, or whose file does not come, gets
 *  latin alone, and the PDF names the letters it lacks. */
async function cjkLatinPdfFiles(family, weight, style, request) {
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const beyond = [...(request?.codePoints ?? [])].some(cjkLatinExtOnly);
  if (!beyond || !meta?.subsets?.includes('latin-ext')) return fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style);
  const weights = meta.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const s = style === 'italic' && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const url = `${await fontsourceAt(id)}files/${id}-latin-ext-${w}-${s}.woff2`;
  const [latin, ext] = await Promise.all([fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style), fetch(url)
    .then(async (res) => (res.ok ? decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer())) : null), () => null)]);
  const ranges = kitRanges();
  return ext ? [Object.assign(latin, { unicodeRange: ranges.latin, order: 0 }),
    Object.assign(ext, { unicodeRange: ranges['latin-ext'], order: 1 })] : latin;
}

/** Whether code point `cp` is in Fontsource's latin-ext file and not in
 *  its latin file: Latin Extended-A and -B, IPA, the spacing modifiers and
 *  Latin Extended Additional (loadFonts's test for latin-ext), less the
 *  few latin holds too (ı Œ œ ʻ ʼ ˆ ˚ ˜). */
function cjkLatinExtOnly(cp) {
  if (!((cp >= 0x100 && cp <= 0x2ff) || (cp >= 0x1e00 && cp <= 0x1eff))) return false;
  return ![0x131, 0x152, 0x153, 0x2bb, 0x2bc, 0x2c6, 0x2da, 0x2dc].includes(cp);
}

/** showPages for a book bound on either edge. A right-bound book (the
 *  document says so: doc.binding is 'right' for page.binding 'right' and
 *  for vertical text) lies on the desk as it opens: page 1 alone on the
 *  left of the spine, then [3 | 2], the spine shade on each page's inner
 *  edge. `binding` ('left' | 'right') overrides the document's. */
function showBook(docs, { binding, ...options } = {}) {
  const count = showPages(docs, options);
  const right = (binding ?? [docs].flat()[0]?.binding) === 'right';
  if (!document.getElementById('pt-kit-cjk')) {
    // The pages keep direction ltr: a canvas draws text in the direction its
    // element inherits, and under rtl each run would end where the engine
    // starts it, its brackets mirrored.
    document.head.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', `<style id="pt-kit-cjk">
      .pt-spread[dir="rtl"] canvas { direction: ltr; }
      .pt-spread[dir="rtl"] figure:first-child canvas { box-shadow: inset 14px 0 14px -14px rgb(0 0 0 / .18),
        0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
    </style>`);
  }
  // Each pair stays [verso, recto] in the page; right to left, the verso
  // sits on the right. Phones stack the pages in reading order either way.
  for (const spread of document.querySelectorAll('#pages > .pt-spread')) spread.dir = right ? 'rtl' : 'ltr';
  document.getElementById('pages').dataset.binding = right ? 'right' : 'left';
  return count;
}

// ─── Kit · arabic v2 ── Arabic-script faces · postext.dev/cookbook
// Fontsource ships an Arabic family as one file per subset and weight: the
// `arabic` file holds the letters, the harakat, the Arabic-Indic digits, the
// Arabic punctuation and the presentation forms; `latin` and `latin-ext`
// hold the rest. loadFonts loads the latin files; this block adds the arabic
// file of every Arabic family, for the canvas and for the PDF, which shapes
// the letters with HarfBuzz from the same bytes.

/** The code points of Fontsource's `arabic` subset, as its stylesheets
 *  declare them (the same unicode-range the browser picks the file by). A
 *  function, not a const: the kit is inlined after the recipe's top-level
 *  awaits, and a const read before its line throws, where a function
 *  declaration is hoisted. */
function arabicRange() {
  return 'U+0600-06FF,U+0750-077F,U+0870-088E,U+0890-0891,U+0897-08E1,U+08E3-08FF,'
    + 'U+200C-200E,U+2010-2011,U+204F,U+2E41,U+FB50-FDFF,U+FE70-FE74,U+FE76-FEFC,U+102E0-102FB,'
    + 'U+10E60-10E7E,U+10EC2-10EC4,U+10EFC-10EFF,U+1EE00-1EEFF';
}

/** Whether code point `cp` is in the arabic file. */
function inArabicRange(cp) {
  inArabicRange.ranges ??= arabicRange().split(',').map((part) => {
    const [lo, hi = lo] = part.slice(2).split('-');
    return [parseInt(lo, 16), parseInt(hi, 16)];
  });
  return inArabicRange.ranges.some(([lo, hi]) => cp >= lo && cp <= hi);
}

/** Whether Fontsource serves `family` with an `arabic` subset. Fails when
 *  the API does not answer: an Arabic face taken for a Latin one would set
 *  its letters in a system face. */
async function isArabicFamily(family) {
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  if (!meta) throw new Error(`api.fontsource.org did not describe ${family}: reload to try again`);
  return !!meta.subsets?.includes('arabic');
}

/** The arabic file of a face. */
async function arabicFileUrl(family, weight, style) {
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  return `${await fontsourceAt(id)}files/${id}-arabic-${weight}-${style}.woff2`;
}

/** faces = { Amiri: ['400', '700'] }, as for loadFonts, after it: the whole
 *  FONTS object may be passed, its families without an arabic subset are
 *  left alone. Adds the arabic file of every listed weight of each Arabic
 *  family (the latin files come from loadFonts) and loads it. `text` is
 *  the sample: fails when it holds an Arabic-script character the arabic
 *  file does not cover. List every weight the pages set in Arabic: a weight
 *  left to the engine's later round gets the latin file only, and its Arabic letters
 *  fall back to a system face. Resolves to the number of files loaded. */
async function loadArabicFonts(faces, text = '') {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  let loaded = 0;
  try {
    const outside = [...new Set(text)].filter((ch) => /\p{Script=Arabic}/u.test(ch) && !inArabicRange(ch.codePointAt(0)));
    if (outside.length) throw new Error(`Fontsource's arabic files have no ${outside.slice(0, 12).join(' ')}`);
    for (const [family, specs] of Object.entries(faces)) {
      if (!(await isArabicFamily(family))) continue;
      for (const spec of new Set(specs)) {
        const weight = parseInt(spec, 10);
        const style = spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal';
        const face = new FontFace(family, `url(${await arabicFileUrl(family, weight, style)}) format('woff2')`,
          { weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: arabicRange() });
        document.fonts.add(await face.load().catch(() => {
          throw new Error(`Fontsource has no arabic file for ${family} ${weight} ${style}`);
        }));
        loaded++;
      }
    }
  } catch (error) {
    kitFail(error);
    throw error;
  }
  return loaded;
}

/** The PDF font provider for recipes with Arabic faces: a family with an
 *  arabic subset gets its arabic file when its pages set Arabic letters
 *  (`request.codePoints`), then its latin file, and its latin-ext file for
 *  the letters beyond latin (transliteration: ā ḥ ʿ), each marked with its
 *  unicode-range and its place in the order the screen added them (latin
 *  and latin-ext by loadFonts, then arabic): the arabic file also has a
 *  space and brackets, which the browser takes from latin, the file whose
 *  range holds them, and postext-pdf follows it. Any other family goes to
 *  fontsourceProvider (the "pdf" block). */
async function arabicPdfProvider(family, weight, style, request) {
  if (!(await isArabicFamily(family))) return fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style, request);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const weights = meta.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const s = style === 'italic' && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const wanted = [...(request?.codePoints ?? [])];
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const subsets = !wanted.length || wanted.some(inArabicRange) ? ['arabic', 'latin'] : ['latin'];
  if (meta.subsets.includes('latin-ext') && wanted.some((cp) => /[Ā-˿Ḁ-ỿ]/u.test(String.fromCodePoint(cp)))) {
    subsets.push('latin-ext');
  }
  const at = await fontsourceAt(id);
  return Promise.all(subsets.map(async (subset) => {
    const url = `${at}files/${id}-${subset}-${w}-${s}.woff2`;
    const res = await fetch(url);
    if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource file ${url} (${res.status})`);
    const bytes = await decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer()));
    return Object.assign(bytes, { unicodeRange: subset === 'arabic' ? arabicRange() : kitRanges()[subset],
      order: ['latin', 'latin-ext', 'greek', 'arabic'].indexOf(subset) });
  }));
}

// ─── /Kit ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
```

## アレンジ

### 先生用の答え入りを印刷する

答えはすべて、マゼンタでそれぞれの場所に入ります。かっこ、わく、空らん、わり算の商です。

```diff
   exerciseStyles: [ficha],
+  exercises: { edition: 'teacher' },
```

### 答えをプリントの下にまとめる

`placement: 'after'` は各問題の答えをその下に置きます。`'inverted'` はパズルのページのように、答えを上下さかさまにします。

```diff
+  exercises: { solutions: { placement: 'inverted', layout: 'key' } },
```

## よくあるつまずき

- 700 のウェイトがない書体では、問題番号の太字が合成されたものになります。そのような本文の書体には、実際にあるウェイトを `boldFontWeight` で指定します。
- 日本語の問題文の○と中国語の問題文の√は、CJK の書体にしかありません。ラテン文字のラベルではなく、CJK の本文の文の中に置きます。

## クレジット

- レシピ: Ignacio Ferro ([@drnachio](https://github.com/drnachio))
- 書体: Nunito (OFL-1.1), Baloo 2 (OFL-1.1), Noto Serif SC (OFL-1.1), Noto Sans SC (OFL-1.1), Klee One (OFL-1.1), Noto Sans JP (OFL-1.1), Noto Naskh Arabic (OFL-1.1), Baloo Bhaijaan 2 (OFL-1.1)
- コード: MIT · サンプルの内容: CC-BY-4.0

## 関連レシピ

- [No. 171 · 中国語の練習帳（练习册）、児童用と教師用](https://postext.dev/ja/cookbook/chinese-exercise-book.md): 国語と算数の练习册。一、二、の大問、（　）のかっこ、田字格、筆算の竖式を、ひとつのテキストから児童用と教師用の2回組みます。 · 難易度 2 (中級) · ワークブックと練習問題, 教科書
- [No. 172 · こたえを逆さまに刷った小学生ドリル](https://postext.dev/ja/cookbook/japanese-drill-upside-down-answers.md): ドリルのシリーズから2ページ。算数は横組み、国語は縦組みで、どの問題の下にもこたえを逆さまに刷ります。 · 難易度 2 (中級) · ワークブックと練習問題, 教科書
- [No. 173 · 右から左へ組むアラビア語の練習帳](https://postext.dev/ja/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md): 右から左へ組んだアラビア語の小学校練習帳。أ ب جの選択肢、線で結ぶ2列、語群の枠、صحとخطأの欄、単語探し、アラビア・インド数字が入ります。 · 難易度 2 (中級) · ワークブックと練習問題, 教科書