# ひとつのデザインで3言語の版をつくる

> 英語・スペイン語・アラビア語の小冊子を共通設定ひとつから組み、各言語は書体、サイズ、字間など自分の分だけを上書きします。

- HTML版: https://postext.dev/ja/cookbook/shared-design-per-language
- レシピ No. 178 · 出力と組み込み · 難易度 3 (上級) · 出力: Canvas, PDF
- ジャンル: カタログ
- 必要なもの postext ≥ 1.65.0, postext-pdf ≥ 1.65.0 · テスト環境 1.65.0, postext-pdf 1.65.0 ／テスト日 2026-10-31
- ページ: [1](https://postext.dev/cookbook/shared-design-per-language/en/p01.webp?v=215986b8), [2](https://postext.dev/cookbook/shared-design-per-language/en/p02.webp?v=215986b8), [3](https://postext.dev/cookbook/shared-design-per-language/en/p03.webp?v=215986b8), [4](https://postext.dev/cookbook/shared-design-per-language/en/p04.webp?v=215986b8)
- PDF: https://postext.dev/cookbook/shared-design-per-language/en/shared-design-per-language.pdf?v=215986b8
- Sandboxで開く: https://postext.dev/ja/sandbox#recipe=shared-design-per-language&lang=en (.postext: https://postext.dev/cookbook/shared-design-per-language/en/shared-design-per-language.postext)
- 最終更新: 2026-10-31
- 他の言語: [en](https://postext.dev/en/cookbook/shared-design-per-language.md), [es](https://postext.dev/es/cookbook/shared-design-per-language.md), [ca](https://postext.dev/ca/cookbook/shared-design-per-language.md), [de](https://postext.dev/de/cookbook/shared-design-per-language.md), [fr](https://postext.dev/fr/cookbook/shared-design-per-language.md), [it](https://postext.dev/it/cookbook/shared-design-per-language.md), [pt](https://postext.dev/pt/cookbook/shared-design-per-language.md), [zh](https://postext.dev/zh/cookbook/shared-design-per-language.md), [ar](https://postext.dev/ar/cookbook/shared-design-per-language.md)

## かんたんな説明

古いアストロラーベ3点を紹介する小冊子を、英語、スペイン語、アラビア語で印刷します。3版は同じデザインで、アラビア語版だけが書体とサイズを変えます。

## できあがり

メトロポリタン美術館の3点のアストロラーベ、1291年イエメン製、1654年イラン製、1462年ヨーロッパ製を紹介するA5判4ページの小冊子です。版元はこれを英語、スペイン語、アラビア語で出し、3版はひとつのデザインです。表紙写真、真鍮色の見出し、帯つきの囲み、本文が回り込む図版、暗い表の見出し行は、同じ設定から生まれます。アラビア語版はその文字に属するものだけを変えます。Source SerifとSource Sansの代わりにAmiriとIBM Plex Sans Arabic、大きめのサイズ、大文字も字間もないラベルです。右から読み、右綴じになりますが、独自の座標はひとつもありません。

アラビア語版とスペイン語版はそれぞれの言語のページで見られます。[漫画1ページを6言語で描き文字し直すレシピ](https://postext.dev/ja/cookbook/one-page-six-languages.md)と見比べてください。

**このレシピが答える問い:**

- 本の各言語版でデザインを共有し、言語ごとの書体やラベルだけを変えるには？
- 1つのプロジェクトから、同じ本を2つの言語で出版するには？

## 手短な答え

```js
// script.js, 行 114–141
const ARABIC_LABEL = { fontFamily: 'IBM Plex Sans Arabic', letterSpacing: pt(0),
  textTransform: 'none' }; // Arabic letters join: never tracked, and they have no capitals
// English and Spanish need nothing more than their locale: it picks the hyphenation patterns
// and the words of the figure and table labels. Arabic sets the faces of its script.
const overrides = {
  ar: {
    bodyText: { fontFamily: 'Amiri', fontSize: pt(12), lineHeight: pt(19),
      firstLineIndent: em(1.5) },
    headings: { fontFamily: 'Amiri', fontWeight: 700,
      levels: [{ level: 2, fontSize: pt(15), lineHeight: pt(24) }] },
    // Lists keyed by id merge entry by entry: only these fields of these elements change.
    headingStyles: [{ id: 'cover', advancedDesign: { slot: { elements: [
      { id: 'kicker', ...ARABIC_LABEL, fontSize: pt(10) },
      { id: 'title', fontFamily: 'Amiri', fontWeight: 700, fontSize: pt(50), lineHeight: 1.25 },
      { id: 'facts', ...ARABIC_LABEL, fontSize: pt(9.5) },
    ] } } }],
    header: { elements: ['verso-folio', 'verso-title', 'recto-title', 'recto-folio']
      .map((id) => ({ id, ...ARABIC_LABEL, fontSize: pt(9) })) },
    calloutStyles: [{ id: 'note', titleStyle: { ...ARABIC_LABEL, fontSize: pt(10) },
      body: { fontSize: pt(11.5), lineHeight: pt(19) } }],
    tableStyle: { headerFontFamily: 'IBM Plex Sans Arabic', headerFontSize: pt(9),
      bodyFontFamily: 'IBM Plex Sans Arabic', bodyFontSize: pt(9.4) },
    captionStyle: { fontFamily: 'IBM Plex Sans Arabic', fontSize: pt(9) },
    paragraphStyles: [{ id: 'colophon', fontFamily: 'IBM Plex Sans Arabic', fontSize: pt(8.4),
      lineHeight: pt(13) }],
  },
};
const edition = mergeConfigLayers(config, overrides[LANG]); // config itself for en and es
```

## 材料

**学べること**

- [言語ごとの上書き](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-bundles.md#共通設定と言語ごとの上書き): 1冊の本の各版が共通設定を共有し、各言語は自分に関わるもの（文字体系の書体、ハイフネーション、引用符、ラベルなど）だけを上書きします。上書きはフィールドごとに統合されます。

**ほかに使うもの**

- [右から左のテキスト](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/arabic-layout.md#書字方向と双方向アルゴリズム)
- [アラビア語のフォント](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/arabic-layout.md#フォント)
- [右綴じの本](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-page-layout.md#綴じ)
- [生成される番号の数字](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-language.md#文書の言語)
- [ハイフネーションと文書の言語](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/justification.md#対応するロケール)
- [「図」と「表」を文書の言語で](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-resources.md#リソースの種類)
- [表紙、扉、奥付](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-styles.md#見出しスタイル)
- [見出しスタイル](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-styles.md#見出しスタイル)
- [見出しの属性](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/document-format.md#見出しの属性)
- [ページデザインの画像](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-headers-footers.md#画像要素)
- [柱とノンブル](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-headers-footers.md#柱とノンブル)
- [図版とボックスの回り込み](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/document-format-resources.md#回り込み)
- [囲み](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-callouts.md#囲みスタイル)
- [表スタイル](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-resources.md#表スタイル)
- [キャプションのスタイル](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-resources.md#キャプションスタイル)
- [セマンティックカラーパレット](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-fonts-colors-viewers.md#カラーパレット)
- [PDFの書き出し](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#pdfの生成)
- [その場に置く図](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/document-format-resources.md#ブロック埋め込み任意本文中への明示的な配置)
- [段抜きの章見出し帯](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-headings.md#幅と詳細デザイン)
- [デザインした章扉](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-headings.md#幅と詳細デザイン)
- [ページの役割ごとの柱](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-headers-footers.md#テキスト要素)
- [段落スタイル](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-styles.md#段落スタイル)
- [PDFに埋め込むフォント](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#なぜフォントプロバイダーが必要か)
- [リソースとしての図と表](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/document-format-resources.md#リソース)
- [タイトル内の改行](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/document-format-directives.md#タイトル内の改行)

**設定の一覧**

- [`bodyText`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-text.md#本文), [`calloutStyles`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-callouts.md#囲みスタイル), [`captionStyle`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-resources.md#キャプションスタイル), [`colorPalette`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-fonts-colors-viewers.md#カラーパレット), [`footer`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-headers-footers.md#柱とノンブル), [`header`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-headers-footers.md#柱とノンブル), [`headingStyles`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-styles.md#見出しスタイル), [`headings`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-headings.md#見出し), [`layout`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-page-layout.md#レイアウト), [`locale`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-language.md#ハイフネーション), [`page`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-page-layout.md#ページ), [`paragraphStyles`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-styles.md#段落スタイル), [`tableStyle`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-resources.md#表スタイル)

**API**

- [`buildDocument`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-programmatic-usage.md#文書のビルド), [`decompressWoff2`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#ブラウザー向けフォントプロバイダーfontsource--woff2), `mergeConfigLayers`, [`registerResourceImage`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/architecture.md#apiの概要), [`renderPageToCanvas`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-programmatic-usage.md#ページをビットマップに描画する), [`renderToPdf`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-pdf-output.md#pdfの生成), [`withLoadedFonts`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration-programmatic-usage.md#レイアウトの前にフォントを読み込む)

**書体**

- Source Serif 4 (OFL-1.1), Source Sans 3 (OFL-1.1), Amiri (OFL-1.1), IBM Plex Sans Arabic (OFL-1.1)

## 作り方

### 1 · 共通設定と3つの小さな上書き

コードは上の[手短な答え](https://postext.dev/ja/cookbook/shared-design-per-language.md#手短な答え)にあります。`config`が共通設定で、`mergeConfigLayers`がその上に版ごとの上書きをフィールド単位で重ねます。英語とスペイン語には上書きがありません。`locale`がハイフネーションのパターンと、*Figure*と*Table*、*Figura*と*Tabla*という語を選びます。アラビア語の上書きは個々のフィールドだけを書きます。`bodyText.fontFamily`は書体を変え、色、揃え、ハイフネーションの設定はそのまま。表紙の`kicker`要素は書体と字間を変え、アンカー、色、大きさはそのままです。`config`でパレットや余白を変えれば、3版すべてに届きます。

### 2 · 左右を文字の方向で呼ぶ

```js
// script.js, 行 59–72
// An even page's outer edge is its start side in either direction (the left of an English
// verso, the right of an Arabic one), an odd page's its end side.
const head = (id, content, parity, edge, x, extra = {}) => ({ kind: 'text', id, content,
  parity, pages: 'body', fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(7.5), fontWeight: 600,
  letterSpacing: pt(1.1), textTransform: 'uppercase', color: col('muted'),
  align: edge.endsWith('start') ? 'start' : 'end',
  placement: { anchor: { to: 'page', edge }, offset: { x: mm(x), y: mm(12) } }, ...extra });
const folio = { fontWeight: 700, color: col('brass') };
const header = { elements: [
  head('verso-folio', '{pageNumber}', 'even', 'top-start', 16, folio),
  head('verso-title', '{title}', 'even', 'top-start', 24),
  head('recto-title', '{subtitle}', 'odd', 'top-end', -24),
  head('recto-folio', '{pageNumber}', 'odd', 'top-end', -16, folio),
] };
```

偶数ページの外側はどちらの方向でも行頭、奇数ページの外側は行末です。そのため`top-start`と`top-end`は、英語の左ページでもアラビア語の左ページでもノンブルを外側に置きます。囲みの帯は`side: 'start'`、表紙の文字は`top-start`に固定しているので、どれも上書きが要りません。

### 3 · 図版を行末に置き、本文を回り込ませる

```js
// script.js, 行 195–219
const photo = (id, file, w, h, extra = {}) => ({ id, typeId: 'figure', kind: 'bitmap',
  createdAt: 0, updatedAt: 0, ...extra,
  bitmap: { fileId: file, format: 'jpeg', width: w, height: h } });
// 'end' is the right of an English column and the left of an Arabic one.
const wrapped = { position: 'here', wrap: 'end', width: 0.38 };
const note = (n) => `The Met, ${n}, CC0`;
const resources = [
  photo('rasulid', 'rasulid-cover-1400.jpg', 1400, 1985),
  photo('mashhad', 'mashhad-800.jpg', 800, 1187, { placement: wrapped, note: note('63.166a–j'),
    caption: t({ en: 'Planispheric astrolabe, Iran, 1654–55. Brass and steel.',
      es: 'Astrolabio planisférico, Irán, 1654-1655. Latón y acero.',
      ar: 'أسطرلاب مسطّح، إيران، ١٠٦٥\u00a0هـ / ١٦٥٤–١٦٥٥\u00a0م. نحاس أصفر وفولاذ.' }),
    altText: t({ en: 'A brass astrolabe whose rete is a lattice of leaves and scrolls',
      es: 'Un astrolabio de latón cuya red es un enrejado de hojas y volutas',
      ar: 'أسطرلاب من النحاس الأصفر عنكبوته شبكة من الأوراق والأغصان الملتفّة' }) }),
  photo('regiomontanus', 'regiomontanus-800.jpg', 800, 1083,
    { placement: wrapped,
    note: note('2025.347a–j'),
    caption: t({ en: 'Astrolabe attributed to Regiomontanus, 1462. Copper alloy.',
      es: 'Astrolabio atribuido a Regiomontano, 1462. Aleación de cobre.',
      ar: 'أسطرلاب يُنسب إلى ريجيومونتانوس، ١٤٦٢\u00a0م. سبيكة نحاسية.' }),
    altText: t({ en: 'A round brass astrolabe with Latin star names on its rete',
      es: 'Un astrolabio redondo de latón con nombres latinos de estrellas en la red',
      ar: 'أسطرلاب مستدير من النحاس عليه أسماء نجوم لاتينية' }) }),
];
```

`wrap: 'end'`は写真を英語の段では右、アラビア語の段では左に置き、本文がその横を流れます。キャプションと代替テキストは各版の言語で書き、アラビア語のキャプションはヒジュラ暦の年を先に示します。

### 4 · 表は各版の言葉と数字で

```js
// script.js, 行 223–241
const row = (...cells) => cells.map((content) => ({ content }));
const head2 = (...cells) => cells.map((content) => ({ content, isHeader: true }));
resources.push({ id: 'three', typeId: 'table', kind: 'table', createdAt: 0, updatedAt: 0,
  placement: { position: 'here' },
  caption: t({ en: 'The three instruments.', es: 'Los tres instrumentos.',
    ar: 'الأدوات الثلاث.' }),
  table: { model: { headerRowCount: 1, columnWidths: [1.15, 1.1, 1.2, 1.1], rows: t({
    en: [head2('Made', 'Where', 'Maker', 'Size'),
      row('1291', 'Yemen', 'ʿUmar ibn Yūsuf', '15.6 cm wide'),
      row('1654–55', 'Iran, Mashhad?', 'Muhammad Zaman', '21.6 cm high'),
      row('1462', 'Germany or Italy', 'Regiomontanus', '13.5 cm high')],
    es: [head2('Fecha', 'Lugar', 'Autor', 'Tamaño'),
      row('1291', 'Yemen', 'ʿUmar ibn Yūsuf', '15,6 cm de ancho'),
      row('1654-1655', 'Irán, ¿Mashhad?', 'Muhammad Zaman', '21,6 cm de alto'),
      row('1462', 'Alemania o Italia', 'Regiomontano', '13,5 cm de alto')],
    ar: [head2('التاريخ', 'المكان', 'الصانع', 'المقاس'),
      row('٦٩٠\u00a0هـ / ١٢٩١\u00a0م', 'اليمن', 'عمر بن يوسف', 'عرضه ١٥٫٦\u00a0سم'),
      row('١٠٦٥\u00a0هـ / ١٦٥٤\u00a0م', 'إيران، مشهد؟', 'محمد زمان', 'ارتفاعه ٢١٫٦\u00a0سم'),
      row('١٤٦٢\u00a0م', 'ألمانيا أو إيطاليا', 'ريجيومونتانوس', 'ارتفاعه ١٣٫٥\u00a0سم')] }) } } });
```

表のデータは内容なので版ごとに変わります。アラビア語版ではアラビア・インド数字とアラビア語の小数点、スペイン語版では小数点にコンマを使います。表のスタイルは共通で、上書きはアラビア語の書体とサイズだけです。

## レシピの全体

レシピのフォルダーから合成した1つのファイルで、サンプルのテキストとレシピ集の共通キットを埋め込んであり、自分でページを組み立てます。動かすには、空のページの`<script type="module">`に入れるか、新しいCodePenのpenのJSパネルに貼り付けます（モジュールとして）。esm.shからpostextを読み込むので、インストールもビルドも要りません。

- レシピのフォルダー: https://github.com/drnachio/postext/tree/main/cookbook/shared-design-per-language

### script.js

```js
// ═══ Postext Cookbook · Nº 178 · One design for three language editions ═══════════
// https://postext.dev/en/cookbook/shared-design-per-language
// Code: MIT · Text: original (CC BY 4.0) · Photographs: The Met, Open Access (CC0)
// Fonts: Source Serif 4, Source Sans 3, Amiri, IBM Plex Sans Arabic (OFL) · Needs postext ≥ 1.65.0
import {
  buildDocument, withLoadedFonts, renderPageToCanvas, registerResourceImage, mergeConfigLayers,
} from 'https://esm.sh/postext';
import { renderToPdf, decompressWoff2 } from 'https://esm.sh/postext-pdf';

const LANG = 'en'; // @lang: the edition: 'en' | 'es' | 'ar'
const RECIPE = 'shared-design-per-language';

// ─── 1 · Design ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// #region palette: night ink, the brass of the instruments, a parchment tint
const palette = {
  ink: '#1f2230', // text: a blue near-black
  brass: '#80561c', // the one accent: kickers, rules, the box stripe (6.2:1 on paper)
  tint: '#f4eee2', // the box ground
  rule: '#cfc5b2', // hairlines
  muted: '#6a655c', // running heads, credits
  paper: '#ffffff',
};
const col = (id) => ({ hex: palette[id], model: 'hex', paletteId: id });
const colorPalette = [
  ...Object.entries(palette).map(([id, hex]) => ({ id, name: id, value: { hex, model: 'hex' } })),
  { id: 'main-color', name: 'brass (defaults)', value: { hex: palette.brass, model: 'hex' } },
];
// #endregion
const [TEXT, LABEL] = ['Source Serif 4', 'Source Sans 3'];
const PAGE = { w: 148, h: 210 }; // mm: an A5 booklet
const LEAD = 14; // pt

// #region cover: the photograph to the trim, the title on its dark head
const at = (edge, x, y, width) => ({ anchor: { to: 'page', edge },
  offset: { x: mm(x), y: mm(y) }, ...(width ? { size: { width: mm(width) } } : {}) });
const caps = { fontFamily: LABEL, fontWeight: 700, textTransform: 'uppercase',
  letterSpacing: pt(1.6) };
// Every side is named by the direction of the text: 'top-start' is the left of an English
// page and the right of an Arabic one, so the cover needs no override to turn round.
const cover = { id: 'cover',
  advancedDesign: { enabled: true, slot: { elements: [
    { kind: 'image', id: 'photo', resourceId: 'rasulid', decorative: true, fit: 'cover',
      placement: { anchor: { to: 'page', edge: 'top-left' },
        size: { width: mm(PAGE.w), height: mm(PAGE.h) } } },
    { kind: 'text', id: 'kicker', content: '{attr.kicker}', fontSize: pt(8.5), align: 'start',
      color: col('paper'), ...caps, placement: at('top-start', 17, 18) },
    { kind: 'rule', id: 'rule', direction: 'horizontal', thickness: pt(1.5), color: col('tint'),
      placement: { anchor: { to: '#kicker', edge: 'below' }, offset: { x: mm(0), y: mm(3) },
        size: { width: mm(16) } } },
    { kind: 'text', id: 'title', content: '{titleText}', fontFamily: TEXT, fontWeight: 600,
      fontSize: pt(46), lineHeight: 1.02, color: col('paper'), align: 'start',
      placement: at('top-start', 16, 29, PAGE.w - 32) },
    { kind: 'text', id: 'facts', content: '{attr.facts}', fontSize: pt(8), align: 'start',
      color: col('ink'), ...caps, placement: at('bottom-start', 17, -14) },
  ] } } };
// #endregion

// #region heads: title on the verso, subtitle on the recto, folios on the outer edge
// An even page's outer edge is its start side in either direction (the left of an English
// verso, the right of an Arabic one), an odd page's its end side.
const head = (id, content, parity, edge, x, extra = {}) => ({ kind: 'text', id, content,
  parity, pages: 'body', fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(7.5), fontWeight: 600,
  letterSpacing: pt(1.1), textTransform: 'uppercase', color: col('muted'),
  align: edge.endsWith('start') ? 'start' : 'end',
  placement: { anchor: { to: 'page', edge }, offset: { x: mm(x), y: mm(12) } }, ...extra });
const folio = { fontWeight: 700, color: col('brass') };
const header = { elements: [
  head('verso-folio', '{pageNumber}', 'even', 'top-start', 16, folio),
  head('verso-title', '{title}', 'even', 'top-start', 24),
  head('recto-title', '{subtitle}', 'odd', 'top-end', -24),
  head('recto-folio', '{pageNumber}', 'odd', 'top-end', -16, folio),
] };
// #endregion

// The general settings: every edition reads them. Only the language is each edition's own.
const config = {
  locale: t({ en: 'en-gb', es: 'es', ar: 'ar' }), // ar: right to left, bound on the right
  colorPalette,
  page: { sizePreset: 'custom', width: mm(PAGE.w), height: mm(PAGE.h), dpi: 150,
    margins: { top: mm(21), bottom: mm(20), left: mm(18), right: mm(16), mirror: true } },
  bodyText: { fontFamily: TEXT, fontSize: pt(10), lineHeight: pt(LEAD), color: col('ink'),
    boldColor: col('ink'), italicColor: col('ink'), referenceColor: col('ink'),
    textAlign: 'justify', firstLineIndent: mm(4.5), indentAfterHeading: false,
    hyphenation: { enabled: true }, optimalLineBreaking: true,
    avoidWidows: true, avoidOrphans: true, avoidRunts: true },
  headings: { fontFamily: TEXT, color: col('ink'), fontWeight: 600, levels: [
    { level: 1, span: 'page', breakBefore: { parity: 'any' } }, // the cover, to the trim
    { level: 2, fontSize: pt(13), lineHeight: pt(LEAD * 1.25), color: col('brass'),
      marginTop: pt(LEAD), marginBottom: pt(LEAD * 0.25) },
  ] },
  headingStyles: [cover],
  layout: { layoutType: 'single', wrap: { gap: mm(5) } },
  paragraphStyles: [{ id: 'colophon', fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(7.4), lineHeight: pt(10),
    color: col('muted'), textAlign: 'start', firstLineIndent: pt(0), marginTop: pt(LEAD) }],
  // 'start': the stripe stands where the lines start, left in English, right in Arabic.
  calloutStyles: [{ id: 'note', background: col('tint'),
    stripe: { enabled: true, side: 'start', width: pt(3), color: col('brass') },
    padding: { top: mm(3), right: mm(4), bottom: mm(3.2), left: mm(4) },
    titleStyle: { fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(8), fontWeight: 700, letterSpacing: pt(1.1),
      textTransform: 'uppercase', color: col('brass') },
    body: { fontSize: pt(9.4), lineHeight: pt(13), firstLineIndent: pt(0) },
    marginTop: pt(LEAD * 0.5), marginBottom: pt(LEAD * 0.5) }],
  tableStyle: { rules: 'horizontal', borderColor: col('rule'), borderWidth: pt(0.5),
    headerBackground: col('ink'), headerColor: col('paper'), headerFontFamily: LABEL,
    headerFontSize: pt(7.8), bodyFontFamily: LABEL, bodyFontSize: pt(8.4), bodyColor: col('ink'),
    cellPadding: mm(1.4) },
  captionStyle: { fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(7.8), color: col('ink'), labelBold: true,
    labelColor: col('brass'), gap: mm(1.8), note: { color: col('muted'), fontSize: pt(6.8) } },
  header,
  footer: { elements: [] },
};

// #region answer: what each language sets otherwise; the rest comes from the general settings
const ARABIC_LABEL = { fontFamily: 'IBM Plex Sans Arabic', letterSpacing: pt(0),
  textTransform: 'none' }; // Arabic letters join: never tracked, and they have no capitals
// English and Spanish need nothing more than their locale: it picks the hyphenation patterns
// and the words of the figure and table labels. Arabic sets the faces of its script.
const overrides = {
  ar: {
    bodyText: { fontFamily: 'Amiri', fontSize: pt(12), lineHeight: pt(19),
      firstLineIndent: em(1.5) },
    headings: { fontFamily: 'Amiri', fontWeight: 700,
      levels: [{ level: 2, fontSize: pt(15), lineHeight: pt(24) }] },
    // Lists keyed by id merge entry by entry: only these fields of these elements change.
    headingStyles: [{ id: 'cover', advancedDesign: { slot: { elements: [
      { id: 'kicker', ...ARABIC_LABEL, fontSize: pt(10) },
      { id: 'title', fontFamily: 'Amiri', fontWeight: 700, fontSize: pt(50), lineHeight: 1.25 },
      { id: 'facts', ...ARABIC_LABEL, fontSize: pt(9.5) },
    ] } } }],
    header: { elements: ['verso-folio', 'verso-title', 'recto-title', 'recto-folio']
      .map((id) => ({ id, ...ARABIC_LABEL, fontSize: pt(9) })) },
    calloutStyles: [{ id: 'note', titleStyle: { ...ARABIC_LABEL, fontSize: pt(10) },
      body: { fontSize: pt(11.5), lineHeight: pt(19) } }],
    tableStyle: { headerFontFamily: 'IBM Plex Sans Arabic', headerFontSize: pt(9),
      bodyFontFamily: 'IBM Plex Sans Arabic', bodyFontSize: pt(9.4) },
    captionStyle: { fontFamily: 'IBM Plex Sans Arabic', fontSize: pt(9) },
    paragraphStyles: [{ id: 'colophon', fontFamily: 'IBM Plex Sans Arabic', fontSize: pt(8.4),
      lineHeight: pt(13) }],
  },
};
const edition = mergeConfigLayers(config, overrides[LANG]); // config itself for en and es
// #endregion

// ─── 2 · Content ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const markdown = String.raw`---
title: "Three Astrolabes"
subtitle: "Instruments of the sky in brass"
author: "Cabinet of Instruments"
---

# Three\\Astrolabes {style="cover" kicker="Cabinet of Instruments · No. 3" facts="Yemen 1291 · Iran 1654 · Europe 1462"}

## A map of the sky you can turn

An astrolabe is the night sky pressed flat. Its maker projects the celestial sphere onto the plane of the equator, so that every circle of the sky stays a circle on the brass, and a reader can turn the stars by hand to match the hour. With it an astronomer could find the time by day or by night, the height of a tower, the direction of Mecca or the moment a star would rise.

The instrument is a stack of parts held on one pin. The body, the *mater*, has a raised rim engraved with the hours or the degrees. Inside it lie the plates, one for each latitude where the instrument would be used, engraved with the circles of altitude and the lines of direction for that place. Over them turns the rete, a pierced frame whose pointers mark the bright stars and whose ring carries the Sun’s path through the year. On the back an alidade, a sighting rule, measures how high a star stands.

The words came to Europe with the instrument. Arabic astronomers called the rete *al-ʿankabūt*, the spider, and Latin writers kept the name as *aranea*; the alidade is *al-ʿiḍāda*, the rule, in a Latin spelling.

The three instruments in this booklet were made almost four centuries and thousands of kilometres apart. They share the same parts and the same geometry, and each one carries the language and the taste of the workshop that made it.

## The sultan’s instrument

The oldest of the three was made in Yemen in 1291 by ʿUmar ibn Yūsuf, a prince of the Rasulid house who ruled the country as sultan from 1295 to 1296. He was also an author on astronomy and wrote on how astrolabes should be built, and his own instrument shows that he knew the craft: the brass is cast and hammered, pierced and chased, and inlaid with silver. Four plates, each 12.7 cm across, fit inside a case 15.6 cm wide.

:::callout{type="note" title="Telling the time by a star"}
Hold the astrolabe by its ring and sight a bright star through the alidade; read its altitude on the scale of the back. On the front, turn the rete until that star’s pointer lies on the circle of the same altitude. A rule laid from the centre across the Sun’s place on the ring then points to the hour on the rim.
:::

## A garden of stars

::resource{id="mashhad"}

The second instrument comes from Safavid Iran. Muhammad Zaman, who was active from 1643 to 1689 and whose name al-Asturlabi means the astrolabe maker, finished it in 1654–55, probably in Mashhad. Its rete is a lattice of leaves and scrolls, so that the star pointers seem to grow from a climbing plant. The throne, the piece that carries the ring, rises above the rim in a pointed arch. An instrument like this served its owner every day, for the hours of prayer and the direction of Mecca, and it also showed a patron’s taste on the shelf of a library.

## Three instruments side by side

The third was made in Europe in 1462 and is attributed to the astronomer Regiomontanus, Johannes Müller (1436–1476). It is the smallest of the three, 13.5 cm high and 283 grams in weight, and the plainest, and its star names are in Latin, many of them Arabic names in a Latin spelling.

::resource{id="regiomontanus"}

Regiomontanus worked in Vienna, in Italy and in Nuremberg, and wrote on the tables and instruments of astronomy. An astrolabe of his time was read exactly as its Arabic models were, with the same rete, the same plates and the same alidade on the back.

Set side by side, the three instruments answer the same questions with the same moving parts. What changes is the script on the brass and the ornament around the stars. A reader who has learned one of them can read the other two.

::resource{id="three"}

:::paragraphs{style="colophon"}
Cabinet of Instruments, booklet 3. Also published in Spanish and in Arabic, from the same design · Set in Source Serif 4 and Source Sans 3 (SIL OFL) · Text: original, CC BY 4.0 · Photographs: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Open Access (CC0).
:::
`; // content.<lang>.md, inlined by the Cookbook

// #region pictures: three photographs, the figures wrapped at the end side of the text
const photo = (id, file, w, h, extra = {}) => ({ id, typeId: 'figure', kind: 'bitmap',
  createdAt: 0, updatedAt: 0, ...extra,
  bitmap: { fileId: file, format: 'jpeg', width: w, height: h } });
// 'end' is the right of an English column and the left of an Arabic one.
const wrapped = { position: 'here', wrap: 'end', width: 0.38 };
const note = (n) => `The Met, ${n}, CC0`;
const resources = [
  photo('rasulid', 'rasulid-cover-1400.jpg', 1400, 1985),
  photo('mashhad', 'mashhad-800.jpg', 800, 1187, { placement: wrapped, note: note('63.166a–j'),
    caption: t({ en: 'Planispheric astrolabe, Iran, 1654–55. Brass and steel.',
      es: 'Astrolabio planisférico, Irán, 1654-1655. Latón y acero.',
      ar: 'أسطرلاب مسطّح، إيران، ١٠٦٥\u00a0هـ / ١٦٥٤–١٦٥٥\u00a0م. نحاس أصفر وفولاذ.' }),
    altText: t({ en: 'A brass astrolabe whose rete is a lattice of leaves and scrolls',
      es: 'Un astrolabio de latón cuya red es un enrejado de hojas y volutas',
      ar: 'أسطرلاب من النحاس الأصفر عنكبوته شبكة من الأوراق والأغصان الملتفّة' }) }),
  photo('regiomontanus', 'regiomontanus-800.jpg', 800, 1083,
    { placement: wrapped,
    note: note('2025.347a–j'),
    caption: t({ en: 'Astrolabe attributed to Regiomontanus, 1462. Copper alloy.',
      es: 'Astrolabio atribuido a Regiomontano, 1462. Aleación de cobre.',
      ar: 'أسطرلاب يُنسب إلى ريجيومونتانوس، ١٤٦٢\u00a0م. سبيكة نحاسية.' }),
    altText: t({ en: 'A round brass astrolabe with Latin star names on its rete',
      es: 'Un astrolabio redondo de latón con nombres latinos de estrellas en la red',
      ar: 'أسطرلاب مستدير من النحاس عليه أسماء نجوم لاتينية' }) }),
];
// #endregion

// #region table: the three instruments, in the edition's words and digits
const row = (...cells) => cells.map((content) => ({ content }));
const head2 = (...cells) => cells.map((content) => ({ content, isHeader: true }));
resources.push({ id: 'three', typeId: 'table', kind: 'table', createdAt: 0, updatedAt: 0,
  placement: { position: 'here' },
  caption: t({ en: 'The three instruments.', es: 'Los tres instrumentos.',
    ar: 'الأدوات الثلاث.' }),
  table: { model: { headerRowCount: 1, columnWidths: [1.15, 1.1, 1.2, 1.1], rows: t({
    en: [head2('Made', 'Where', 'Maker', 'Size'),
      row('1291', 'Yemen', 'ʿUmar ibn Yūsuf', '15.6 cm wide'),
      row('1654–55', 'Iran, Mashhad?', 'Muhammad Zaman', '21.6 cm high'),
      row('1462', 'Germany or Italy', 'Regiomontanus', '13.5 cm high')],
    es: [head2('Fecha', 'Lugar', 'Autor', 'Tamaño'),
      row('1291', 'Yemen', 'ʿUmar ibn Yūsuf', '15,6 cm de ancho'),
      row('1654-1655', 'Irán, ¿Mashhad?', 'Muhammad Zaman', '21,6 cm de alto'),
      row('1462', 'Alemania o Italia', 'Regiomontano', '13,5 cm de alto')],
    ar: [head2('التاريخ', 'المكان', 'الصانع', 'المقاس'),
      row('٦٩٠\u00a0هـ / ١٢٩١\u00a0م', 'اليمن', 'عمر بن يوسف', 'عرضه ١٥٫٦\u00a0سم'),
      row('١٠٦٥\u00a0هـ / ١٦٥٤\u00a0م', 'إيران، مشهد؟', 'محمد زمان', 'ارتفاعه ٢١٫٦\u00a0سم'),
      row('١٤٦٢\u00a0م', 'ألمانيا أو إيطاليا', 'ريجيومونتانوس', 'ارتفاعه ١٣٫٥\u00a0سم')] }) } } });
// #endregion

// ─── 3 · Fonts ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// The faces of all three editions; the Arabic ones set only the Arabic edition.
const FONTS = {
  'Source Serif 4': ['400', '400i', '600'],
  'Source Sans 3': ['400', '600', '700'],
  Amiri: ['400', '700'],
  'IBM Plex Sans Arabic': ['400', '600', '700'],
};

// ─── 4 · Build & show ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
await loadFonts(FONTS, markdown);
await loadArabicFonts(FONTS, markdown); // gotcha: arabic-fonts-subset
await loadImage('rasulid-cover-1400.jpg', asset('rasulid-cover-1400.jpg'));
await loadImage('mashhad-800.jpg', asset('mashhad-800.jpg'));
await loadImage('regiomontanus-800.jpg', asset('regiomontanus-800.jpg'));
const doc = await withLoadedFonts(() => buildDocument({ markdown, resources }, edition),
  { ...kitFonts(FONTS), text: markdown });
showBook(doc, { title: t({ en: 'Three Astrolabes, English edition',
  es: 'Tres astrolabios, edición en español', ar: 'ثلاثة أسطرلابات، الطبعة العربية' }) });
offerPdf(() => renderToPdf(doc, { fontProvider: arabicPdfProvider, resourceBytes: imageBytes }),
  `${RECIPE}.pdf`);

// ─── Kit ── helpers shared by every Cookbook recipe · postext.dev/cookbook ─────

// ─── Kit · core v1 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
function mm(value) { return { value, unit: 'mm' }; }
function pt(value) { return { value, unit: 'pt' }; }
function em(value) { return { value, unit: 'em' }; }
/** The sample language's string: t({ en: 'Figure', es: 'Figura' }). */
function t(strings) { return strings[LANG] ?? Object.values(strings)[0]; }
/** A file in this recipe's assets folder, served from the Postext repo by jsDelivr. */
function asset(file) { return `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/drnachio/postext@main/cookbook/${RECIPE}/assets/${file}`; }

// ─── Kit · fonts v3 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
// Postext loads the faces a config asks for before layout and asks the kit
// for Fontsource's files, the ones the PDF embeds too.

/** buildDocumentWithFonts' options: the resolver, and FONTS' faces loaded
 *  with the config's. FONTS = { 'Family Name': ['400', '400i', '700'] }. */
function kitFonts(FONTS = {}) {
  const faces = Object.entries(FONTS).flatMap(([family, specs]) => specs.map((spec) =>
    ({ family, weight: parseInt(spec, 10), style: spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal' })));
  return { resolve: fontsourceResolver, faces };
}

/** A face's files with their ranges: latin, then latin-ext and greek when
 *  `text` needs them (kitSubsetsFor). Null for a face Fontsource lacks. */
async function fontsourceResolver(family, weight, style, { text = '' } = {}) {
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  if (meta && !(await fontsourceWeights(family, style)).includes(weight)) return null;
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  const at = await fontsourceAt(id);
  return ['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)].map((subset) => ({
    source: `${at}files/${id}-${subset}-${weight}-${style}.woff2`,
    unicodeRange: kitRanges()[subset],
  }));
}

/** Each file's unicode-range (a function: the kit runs after the pen's code). */
function kitRanges() {
  return {
    latin: 'U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,'
      + 'U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD',
    'latin-ext': 'U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,'
      + 'U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF',
    greek: 'U+0370-03FF',
  };
}

/** For the cjk, arabic and comics blocks: loads `faces` (as FONTS) for the
 *  sample `text`; `optional` skips a face Fontsource lacks. Files are added in
 *  the order asked, the last winning a shared character. Resolves to the count. */
async function loadFonts(faces, text = '', { optional = false } = {}) {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  const ranges = kitRanges();
  const jobs = [];
  for (const [family, specs] of Object.entries(faces)) {
    const id = fontsourceId(family);
    const todo = [...new Set(specs)].map((spec) => [parseInt(spec, 10), spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal'])
      .filter(([weight, style]) => !hasFace(family, weight, style)); // before any await
    const at = fontsourceAt(id);
    const meta = optional || /[^\0-ÿ]/u.test(text) ? await fontsourceMeta(family) : null;
    const subsets = ['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)];
    for (const [weight, style] of todo) {
      if (optional && !(meta && (await fontsourceWeights(family, style)).includes(weight))) continue;
      for (const subset of subsets) {
        const url = `${await at}files/${id}-${subset}-${weight}-${style}.woff2`;
        const face = new FontFace(family, `url(${url}) format('woff2')`,
          { weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: ranges[subset] });
        jobs.push(face.load().catch(() => {
          if (subset === 'latin' && !optional) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${weight} ${style}`);
        }));
      }
    }
  }
  const ready = await Promise.all(jobs).catch((error) => { kitFail(error); throw error; });
  return ready.filter((face) => face && document.fonts.add(face)).length;
}

/** A loaded FontFace covers this face (fonts.check() says yes to any family). */
function hasFace(family, weight, style) {
  for (const face of document.fonts) {
    if (face.status !== 'loaded' || face.style !== style) continue;
    if (face.family.replace(/^["']|["']$/g, '') !== family) continue;
    const [low, high = low] = face.weight.split(' ').map(Number);
    if (weight >= low && weight <= high) return true;
  }
  return false;
}

/** The files beyond latin `text` needs that `meta`'s family ships. */
function kitSubsetsFor(text, meta) {
  return [[/[Ā-˿ᴀ-ᶿḀ-ỿ†ℓⱠ-Ɀ꜠-ꟿ]/u, 'latin-ext'], [/[Ͱ-Ͽ]/u, 'greek']]
    .filter(([re, x]) => re.test(text) && meta?.subsets?.includes(x)).map(([, x]) => x);
}

/** Fontsource's id for a family: 'Source Serif 4' → 'source-serif-4'. */
function fontsourceId(family) { return family.toLowerCase().replace(/\s+/g, '-'); }

/** A package's folder at the one version @5 names now (#766). */
function fontsourceAt(id, u = `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fontsource/${id}@`) {
  return (fontsourceAt.c ??= {})[id] ??= fetch(u + '5/package.json').then((r) => r.json())
    .then((p) => p.version || 5, () => 5).then((v) => `${u}${v}/`);
}

/** The family's Fontsource metadata (weights, styles, subsets), or null. */
function fontsourceMeta(family, id = fontsourceId(family)) {
  return (fontsourceMeta.c ??= {})[id] ??= fetch(`https://api.fontsource.org/v1/fonts/${id}`)
    .then((res) => (res.ok ? res.json() : null), () => null);
}

/** The weights the package ships in `style`: the API pairs none (no Libre
 *  Caslon 700 italic file), so italics are read from latin-italic.css. */
function fontsourceWeights(family, style, id = fontsourceId(family)) {
  return (fontsourceWeights.c ??= {})[id + style] ??= fontsourceMeta(family).then(async (m) => {
    if (!m?.styles.includes(style)) return m ? [] : [400, 700];
    const css = style === 'italic' ? await fetch(`${await fontsourceAt(id)}latin-italic.css`).then((r) => (r.ok ? r.text() : ''), () => '') : '';
    const w = [...css.matchAll(/weight: (\d+)/g)].map((x) => +x[1]);
    return w.length ? w : m.weights;
  });
}

// ─── Kit · viewer v2 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
/** The pages as spreads on a dark desk, page 1 alone, then verso | recto,
 *  each painted when it scrolls near. Other options go to renderPageToCanvas. */
function showPages(docs, { title, width = 460, ...render } = {}) {
  const root = viewer(title);
  const pages = [docs].flat().flatMap((doc) =>
    doc.pages.map((page) => ({ doc, page, n: (doc.pageIndexOffset ?? 0) + page.index })));
  const spreads = [];
  let verso = null;
  for (const p of pages) {
    if (p.n % 2 === 1) { if (verso) spreads.push([verso, null]); verso = p; }
    else { spreads.push([verso, p]); verso = null; }
  }
  if (verso) spreads.push([verso, null]);
  const density = Math.min(window.devicePixelRatio || 1, 2);
  showPages.painter?.disconnect();
  const painter = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {
    for (const { isIntersecting, target } of entries) {
      if (!isIntersecting) continue;
      painter.unobserve(target);
      const { doc, page } = target.postext;
      renderPageToCanvas(page, doc, target, { ...render, scale: (width * density) / page.width });
    }
  }, { rootMargin: '800px' });
  showPages.painter = painter;
  root.replaceChildren(...spreads.map((pair) => {
    const spread = document.createElement('div');
    spread.className = 'pt-spread';
    for (const p of pair) {
      const figure = document.createElement('figure');
      if (p) {
        const label = p.page.pageLabel || String(p.n + 1);
        const canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
        canvas.postext = p;
        canvas.style.aspectRatio = `${p.page.width} / ${p.page.height}`;
        canvas.setAttribute('role', 'img');
        canvas.setAttribute('aria-label', `Page ${label}`);
        const folio = document.createElement('figcaption');
        folio.textContent = label;
        figure.append(canvas, folio);
        painter.observe(canvas);
      } else figure.className = 'pt-blank';
      spread.append(figure);
    }
    return spread;
  }));
  kitStatus(`${pages.length} ${pages.length === 1 ? 'page' : 'pages'}`);
  document.documentElement.dataset.postext = 'ready';
  return pages.length;
}

/** The desk, the bar and the error reporting, created once. */
function viewer(title) {
  if (!document.getElementById('pt-kit')) {
    document.head.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', `<style id="pt-kit">
      :root { color-scheme: dark; }
      body { margin: 0; background: #0e1014; color: #b9bcc4; font: 13px/1.45 system-ui, sans-serif; }
      #pt-bar { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 1; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center;
        gap: 6px 16px; padding: 10px 16px; background: rgb(14 16 20 / .92); backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
        border-bottom: 1px solid #23262d; }
      #pt-bar strong { color: #f4f1ea; font-weight: 600; }
      #pt-actions { display: flex; gap: 12px; margin-left: auto; }
      #pt-actions a, #pt-actions button { color: #d8a21a; font: inherit; background: none; border: 0; padding: 0; cursor: pointer; }
      #pages { display: grid; justify-items: center; gap: 48px; padding: 32px 16px 72px; }
      .pt-spread { display: flex; }
      .pt-spread figure { margin: 0; width: min(460px, 44vw); }
      .pt-spread canvas { display: block; width: 100%; background: #fff;
        box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
      .pt-spread figure:first-child canvas { box-shadow: inset -14px 0 14px -14px rgb(0 0 0 / .18), 0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
      .pt-spread figcaption { margin-top: 10px; text-align: center; font: 600 10px/1 system-ui, sans-serif;
        letter-spacing: .18em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #6c7079; }
      .pt-blank { visibility: hidden; }
      @media (max-width: 760px) {
        .pt-spread { flex-direction: column; gap: 32px; }
        .pt-spread figure { width: min(460px, 92vw); }
        .pt-blank { display: none; }
      }
    </style>`);
    document.body.insertAdjacentHTML('afterbegin',
      '<header id="pt-bar"><strong id="pt-title"></strong><span id="pt-status" role="status"></span><span id="pt-actions"></span></header>');
    document.getElementById('pt-title').textContent = document.title || 'Postext';
    addEventListener('error', (event) => kitFail(event.error ?? event.message));
    addEventListener('unhandledrejection', (event) => kitFail(event.reason));
  }
  if (title) document.getElementById('pt-title').textContent = title;
  return document.getElementById('pages')
    ?? document.body.appendChild(Object.assign(document.createElement('main'), { id: 'pages' }));
}

function kitStatus(text) {
  viewer();
  document.getElementById('pt-status').textContent = text;
}

function kitFail(error) {
  document.documentElement.dataset.postext = 'error';
  kitStatus(`Error: ${error?.message ?? error}`);
}

// ─── Kit · pdf v3 ── the same in every recipe that exports a PDF
/** The Fontsource files the screen used, as TrueType, with their range and
 *  place: the nearest weight the family ships in that style, upright with no italic;
 *  latin, then what its letters need (kitSubsetsFor). */
async function fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style, request) {
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const s = style === 'italic' && meta && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const shipped = meta ? await fontsourceWeights(family, s) : [];
  const weights = shipped.length ? shipped : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const text = String.fromCodePoint(...(request?.codePoints ?? []));
  const files = await Promise.all(['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)].map(async (subset, order) => {
    const res = await fetch(`${await fontsourceAt(id)}files/${id}-${subset}-${w}-${s}.woff2`);
    if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${w} ${s} ${subset}`);
    return Object.assign(await decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer())),
      { unicodeRange: kitRanges()[subset], order });
  }));
  return files.length === 1 ? files[0] : files;
}

/** A "Build the PDF" button; then "Open the PDF" (a new tab: CodePen's frame
 *  shows no PDFs) and a download link. */
function offerPdf(makePdf, filename) {
  viewer();
  const button = Object.assign(document.createElement('button'), { type: 'button', textContent: 'Build the PDF' });
  button.dataset.postextPdf = filename;
  button.addEventListener('click', async () => {
    button.disabled = true;
    button.textContent = 'Building the PDF…';
    try {
      const bytes = await makePdf();
      const url = URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([bytes], { type: 'application/pdf' }));
      const size = `${Math.max(1, Math.round(bytes.length / 1024))} KB`;
      button.replaceWith(
        Object.assign(document.createElement('a'), { href: url, target: '_blank', rel: 'noopener', textContent: 'Open the PDF ↗' }),
        Object.assign(document.createElement('a'), { href: url, download: filename, textContent: `Download ${filename} · ${size}` }));
    } catch (error) {
      button.disabled = false;
      button.textContent = 'Build the PDF';
      kitFail(error);
    }
  });
  document.getElementById('pt-actions').append(button);
}

// ─── Kit · images v3 ── recipes with pictures · postext.dev/cookbook
/** Registers a photo or PNG for the canvas and keeps its bytes for the PDF.
 *  fetch → ImageBitmap never taints the canvas (a plain cross-origin <img> would). */
async function loadImage(fileId, url) {
  const res = await fetch(url);
  if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Image not found (${res.status}): ${url}`);
  const bytes = new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer());
  registerResourceImage(fileId, await createImageBitmap(new Blob([bytes])));
  (loadImage.bytes ??= new Map()).set(fileId, bytes);
}

/** Registers SVG markup as a vector image, its fonts inside (inlineSvgFonts, ≥ 1.25).
 *  `options` go to registerResourceImage: { singleInk: true } tints it on the canvas. */
async function loadSvg(fileId, svg, options) {
  if (typeof inlineSvgFonts === 'function') svg = await inlineSvgFonts(svg, svgFaces);
  const img = new Image();
  img.src = `data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,${encodeURIComponent(svg)}`;
  await img.decode();
  registerResourceImage(fileId, img, options);
  (loadImage.bytes ??= new Map()).set(fileId, new TextEncoder().encode(svg));
}

/** A face's Fontsource files: nearest weight; latin + what the SVG sets. */
async function svgFaces(family, weight, style, { codePoints = [] } = {}) {
  const [id, m] = [fontsourceId(family), await fontsourceMeta(family)];
  const w = m?.weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a)) ?? weight;
  const s = m?.styles.includes(style) === false ? 'normal' : style;
  return Promise.all(['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(String.fromCodePoint(...codePoints), m)].map(async (x) => new Uint8Array(
    await (await fetch(`${await fontsourceAt(id)}files/${id}-${x}-${w}-${s}.woff2`)).arrayBuffer())));
}

/** renderToPdf({ resourceBytes: imageBytes }) */
function imageBytes(fileId) { return loadImage.bytes?.get(fileId); }

/** renderToHtml({ resourceImageUrl: imageUrl }) */
function imageUrl(fileId) {
  const bytes = imageBytes(fileId);
  if (!bytes) return undefined;
  imageUrl.urls ??= new Map();
  if (!imageUrl.urls.has(fileId)) {
    const type = /\.svg$/i.test(fileId) ? 'image/svg+xml' : /\.png$/i.test(fileId) ? 'image/png' : 'image/jpeg';
    imageUrl.urls.set(fileId, URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([bytes], { type })));
  }
  return imageUrl.urls.get(fileId);
}

// ─── Kit · arabic v2 ── Arabic-script faces · postext.dev/cookbook
// Fontsource ships an Arabic family as one file per subset and weight: the
// `arabic` file holds the letters, the harakat, the Arabic-Indic digits, the
// Arabic punctuation and the presentation forms; `latin` and `latin-ext`
// hold the rest. loadFonts loads the latin files; this block adds the arabic
// file of every Arabic family, for the canvas and for the PDF, which shapes
// the letters with HarfBuzz from the same bytes.

/** The code points of Fontsource's `arabic` subset, as its stylesheets
 *  declare them (the same unicode-range the browser picks the file by). A
 *  function, not a const: the kit is inlined after the recipe's top-level
 *  awaits, and a const read before its line throws, where a function
 *  declaration is hoisted. */
function arabicRange() {
  return 'U+0600-06FF,U+0750-077F,U+0870-088E,U+0890-0891,U+0897-08E1,U+08E3-08FF,'
    + 'U+200C-200E,U+2010-2011,U+204F,U+2E41,U+FB50-FDFF,U+FE70-FE74,U+FE76-FEFC,U+102E0-102FB,'
    + 'U+10E60-10E7E,U+10EC2-10EC4,U+10EFC-10EFF,U+1EE00-1EEFF';
}

/** Whether code point `cp` is in the arabic file. */
function inArabicRange(cp) {
  inArabicRange.ranges ??= arabicRange().split(',').map((part) => {
    const [lo, hi = lo] = part.slice(2).split('-');
    return [parseInt(lo, 16), parseInt(hi, 16)];
  });
  return inArabicRange.ranges.some(([lo, hi]) => cp >= lo && cp <= hi);
}

/** Whether Fontsource serves `family` with an `arabic` subset. Fails when
 *  the API does not answer: an Arabic face taken for a Latin one would set
 *  its letters in a system face. */
async function isArabicFamily(family) {
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  if (!meta) throw new Error(`api.fontsource.org did not describe ${family}: reload to try again`);
  return !!meta.subsets?.includes('arabic');
}

/** The arabic file of a face. */
async function arabicFileUrl(family, weight, style) {
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  return `${await fontsourceAt(id)}files/${id}-arabic-${weight}-${style}.woff2`;
}

/** faces = { Amiri: ['400', '700'] }, as for loadFonts, after it: the whole
 *  FONTS object may be passed, its families without an arabic subset are
 *  left alone. Adds the arabic file of every listed weight of each Arabic
 *  family (the latin files come from loadFonts) and loads it. `text` is
 *  the sample: fails when it holds an Arabic-script character the arabic
 *  file does not cover. List every weight the pages set in Arabic: a weight
 *  left to the engine's later round gets the latin file only, and its Arabic letters
 *  fall back to a system face. Resolves to the number of files loaded. */
async function loadArabicFonts(faces, text = '') {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  let loaded = 0;
  try {
    const outside = [...new Set(text)].filter((ch) => /\p{Script=Arabic}/u.test(ch) && !inArabicRange(ch.codePointAt(0)));
    if (outside.length) throw new Error(`Fontsource's arabic files have no ${outside.slice(0, 12).join(' ')}`);
    for (const [family, specs] of Object.entries(faces)) {
      if (!(await isArabicFamily(family))) continue;
      for (const spec of new Set(specs)) {
        const weight = parseInt(spec, 10);
        const style = spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal';
        const face = new FontFace(family, `url(${await arabicFileUrl(family, weight, style)}) format('woff2')`,
          { weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: arabicRange() });
        document.fonts.add(await face.load().catch(() => {
          throw new Error(`Fontsource has no arabic file for ${family} ${weight} ${style}`);
        }));
        loaded++;
      }
    }
  } catch (error) {
    kitFail(error);
    throw error;
  }
  return loaded;
}

/** The PDF font provider for recipes with Arabic faces: a family with an
 *  arabic subset gets its arabic file when its pages set Arabic letters
 *  (`request.codePoints`), then its latin file, and its latin-ext file for
 *  the letters beyond latin (transliteration: ā ḥ ʿ), each marked with its
 *  unicode-range and its place in the order the screen added them (latin
 *  and latin-ext by loadFonts, then arabic): the arabic file also has a
 *  space and brackets, which the browser takes from latin, the file whose
 *  range holds them, and postext-pdf follows it. Any other family goes to
 *  fontsourceProvider (the "pdf" block). */
async function arabicPdfProvider(family, weight, style, request) {
  if (!(await isArabicFamily(family))) return fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style, request);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const weights = meta.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const s = style === 'italic' && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const wanted = [...(request?.codePoints ?? [])];
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const subsets = !wanted.length || wanted.some(inArabicRange) ? ['arabic', 'latin'] : ['latin'];
  if (meta.subsets.includes('latin-ext') && wanted.some((cp) => /[Ā-˿Ḁ-ỿ]/u.test(String.fromCodePoint(cp)))) {
    subsets.push('latin-ext');
  }
  const at = await fontsourceAt(id);
  return Promise.all(subsets.map(async (subset) => {
    const url = `${at}files/${id}-${subset}-${w}-${s}.woff2`;
    const res = await fetch(url);
    if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource file ${url} (${res.status})`);
    const bytes = await decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer()));
    return Object.assign(bytes, { unicodeRange: subset === 'arabic' ? arabicRange() : kitRanges()[subset],
      order: ['latin', 'latin-ext', 'greek', 'arabic'].indexOf(subset) });
  }));
}

// ─── Kit · book v1 ── books bound on either edge · postext.dev/cookbook
// A book bound on the right (Arabic, Hebrew or Persian text, vertical
// Chinese, or page.binding 'right') opens from what a Latin reader calls
// the back: page 1 lies alone on the left of the spine, then [3 | 2].

/** showPages for a book bound on either edge. A right-bound book (the
 *  document says so: doc.binding is 'right' for page.binding 'right', for
 *  text that runs right to left and for vertical text, when the binding is
 *  left to 'auto') lies on the desk as it opens: page 1 alone on the left
 *  of the spine, then [3 | 2], the spine shade on each page's inner edge.
 *  `binding` ('left' | 'right') overrides the document's. */
function showBook(docs, { binding, ...options } = {}) {
  const count = showPages(docs, options);
  const right = (binding ?? [docs].flat()[0]?.binding) === 'right';
  if (!document.getElementById('pt-kit-book')) {
    // The pages keep direction ltr, as in a left-bound book: a canvas takes
    // the direction its element inherits, and under the spread's rtl a run
    // painted for an ltr canvas would end where the engine starts it.
    document.head.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', `<style id="pt-kit-book">
      .pt-spread[dir="rtl"] canvas { direction: ltr; }
      .pt-spread[dir="rtl"] figure:first-child canvas { box-shadow: inset 14px 0 14px -14px rgb(0 0 0 / .18),
        0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
    </style>`);
  }
  // Each pair stays [verso, recto] in the page; right to left, the verso
  // sits on the right. Phones stack the pages in reading order either way.
  for (const spread of document.querySelectorAll('#pages > .pt-spread')) spread.dir = right ? 'rtl' : 'ltr';
  document.getElementById('pages').dataset.binding = right ? 'right' : 'left';
  return count;
}

// ─── /Kit ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
```

## アレンジ

### 上書きをバンドルに書き込む

[.postextの往復](https://postext.dev/ja/cookbook/bundle-round-trip.md)は2言語の本を1つのファイルに書き出します。postext 1.58から、`createBundle`は共通設定を一度だけ保存し、各言語の上書きをその章の横に保存します。ここで`mergeConfigLayers`が読む形と同じです。このレシピをSandboxで開くとその形になっています。デザインパネルを「すべての言語」とアラビア語版で切り替えると、アラビア語版が設定しているフィールドが見えます。

### マグリブ向けにアラビア語版を刷る

`ar-MA`は方向と綴じを保ったまま、自動で生成される数字（ノンブルと図番号）をヨーロッパ数字にします。表の数字も打ち直してください。

```diff
-  locale: t({ en: 'en-gb', es: 'es', ar: 'ar' }), // ar: right to left, bound on the right
+  locale: t({ en: 'en-gb', es: 'es', ar: 'ar-MA' }), // ar-MA: European digits
```

## よくあるつまずき

- **アラビア語の書体にはarabicブロックを通じてarabicファイルが必要.** FontsourceはAmiri、Noto Naskh Arabic、Scheherazade Newをサブセットごとに1ファイルとして配信し、アラビア文字はarabicファイルに入っています。loadFontsが取得するのはlatin（とlatin-ext）だけなので、画面ではアラビア文字がシステムの書体で出て計測が狂い、fontsourceProviderはPDFにそのlatinファイルを渡すため、空の四角が印字されます。キットのarabicブロックを挙げ、loadFontsのあとにloadArabicFonts(FONTS, markdown)を呼び（ページでアラビア文字に使うすべてのウェイトをFONTSに挙げておきます）、renderToPdfにfontProvider: arabicPdfProviderを渡してください。

- アラビア文字はつながって書かれるので、共通設定で字間を広げたラベルは、アラビア語の上書きで`letterSpacing`を外さなければなりません。外さないとエンジンが`joiningScriptLetterSpacing`の警告を出します。あわせて`textTransform: 'none'`も指定します。アラビア語に大文字はありません。
- アラビア語版は行が高く、改ページの位置も変わります。どの版も個別に調整しました。アラビア語の囲みはページ下端に送り（`placement="bottom"`）、締めの文は最後の写真の横に組んでいます。

## クレジット

- レシピ: Ignacio Ferro ([@drnachio](https://github.com/drnachio))
- 画像: Astrolabe of ʿUmar ibn Yusuf, Yemen, 1291 (the cover; background extended at the top and darkened): The Metropolitan Museum of Art ([出典](https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/444408)), CC0-1.0
- 画像: Muhammad Zaman, planispheric astrolabe, Iran, 1654–55 (cropped): The Metropolitan Museum of Art ([出典](https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/451699)), CC0-1.0
- 画像: Astrolabe attributed to Regiomontanus, 1462 (cropped): The Metropolitan Museum of Art ([出典](https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/923639)), CC0-1.0
- 書体: Source Serif 4 (OFL-1.1), Source Sans 3 (OFL-1.1), Amiri (OFL-1.1), IBM Plex Sans Arabic (OFL-1.1)
- コード: MIT · サンプルの内容: CC-BY-4.0

## 関連レシピ

- [No. 041 · 2言語の.postextの往復](https://postext.dev/ja/cookbook/bundle-round-trip.md): 両面のDLリーフレットをコードで.postextファイルに書き出し、そのバイト列から組み直します。各版が持つ書体、図、キャプションのラベルもいっしょです。 · 難易度 2 (中級) · 一枚物とエフェメラ
- [No. 173 · 右から左へ組むアラビア語の練習帳](https://postext.dev/ja/cookbook/arabic-workbook-rtl.md): 右から左へ組んだアラビア語の小学校練習帳。أ ب جの選択肢、線で結ぶ2列、語群の枠、صحとخطأの欄、単語探し、アラビア・インド数字が入ります。 · 難易度 2 (中級) · ワークブックと練習問題, 教科書
- [No. 153 · 六つの言語で写植した一ページ](https://postext.dev/ja/cookbook/one-page-six-languages.md): コマ割りと絵はそのまま、言語ごとのせりふから写植します。localeが書体を選び、日本語は縦組みで、日本語とアラビア語は右から読みます。 · 難易度 3 (上級) · 漫画・コミック