# 1ページに四コマを2本並べる

> 四コマ漫画のページ。4コマの列を2本並べ、右の列から読み、各作品のタイトルを1コマ目の黒い囲みに入れます。

- HTML版: https://postext.dev/ja/cookbook/yonkoma
- レシピ No. 151 · コミックと漫画 · 難易度 2 (中級) · 出力: Canvas, PDF
- ジャンル: 漫画・コミック
- 必要なもの postext ≥ 1.21.0, postext-pdf ≥ 1.21.0 · テスト環境 1.21.0, postext-pdf 1.21.0 ／テスト日 2026-10-07
- ページ: [1](https://postext.dev/cookbook/yonkoma/ja/p01.webp?v=aac1ae97), [1](https://postext.dev/cookbook/yonkoma/ja/p02.webp?v=aac1ae97)
- PDF: https://postext.dev/cookbook/yonkoma/ja/yonkoma.pdf?v=aac1ae97
- Sandboxで開く: https://postext.dev/ja/sandbox#recipe=yonkoma&lang=ja (.postext: https://postext.dev/cookbook/yonkoma/ja/yonkoma.postext)
- 最終更新: 2026-10-07
- 他の言語: [en](https://postext.dev/en/cookbook/yonkoma.md), [es](https://postext.dev/es/cookbook/yonkoma.md), [ca](https://postext.dev/ca/cookbook/yonkoma.md), [pt](https://postext.dev/pt/cookbook/yonkoma.md), [zh](https://postext.dev/zh/cookbook/yonkoma.md), [ar](https://postext.dev/ar/cookbook/yonkoma.md)

## かんたんな説明

漫画雑誌と同じように、4つのコマでできた短い漫画を2本、横に並べたページです。右の作品を上から下へ読み、次に左の作品を読みます。

## できあがり

このレシピのために書き、やわらかいちびキャラの絵で描いた四コマ集『ねこ喫茶まどろみ』の1ページです。むぎは白猫、黒猫、三毛猫のいる猫カフェを営んでいます。四コマは、新聞のコマ漫画を縦に立てたような形式です。同じ大きさの4コマを上から下へ重ね、起・承・転・結で落とします。雑誌のページには2本を横に並べ、右開きなので右の作品から読みます。判型はA5判（148 × 210 mm）で、見開きの片側に日本語の原版、もう片側に英語版を置きます。

**このレシピが答える問い:**

- 四コマ漫画を2本横に並べ、右の作品から読ませるには？

## 手短な答え

```js
// script.js, 行 44–62
// content.<lang>.md splits the page `* [* / * / * / *] | * [* / * / * / *]`: two equal
// columns, each cut into four equal panels. The reading direction lays the first column
// out on the right, so the strip that opens the page is the right-hand one, as in a
// yonkoma magazine, and each strip still reads top to bottom. The gutter between the
// strips is wider than the gutters between their panels, so the eye drops down a strip
// before it crosses to the next.
const comics = (lang) => ({
  artDirection: 'rtl', // the right strip first, in every edition
  mirrorArt: false,
  gutter: { horizontal: mm(3), vertical: mm(9) }, // 3 mm between panels, 9 mm between strips
  panel: { borderWidth: pt(0.9), borderColor: col('ink'), background: col('paper') },
  lettering: {
    fontFamily: EDITIONS[lang].faces[0], color: col('ink'),
    fontSize: pt(['ja', 'zh'].includes(lang) ? 8 : 7), // a yonkoma letters smaller than a story
    writingMode: lang === 'zh' ? 'vertical' : 'auto',
    maxColumnChars: 6, // short columns: a yonkoma panel is wider than it is tall
  },
  balloonStyles: balloons(),
});
```

## 材料

**学べること**

- [コマ割り](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/comics.md#ページの分割): split=は短い式でページをコマに割ります。/で段を縦に重ね、|でコマを横に並べ、大きさはパーセントで、30~40で斜めの間白を指定し、角かっこでコマをさらに割ります。
- [読む方向と漫画の順序](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/comics.md#読む方向): コマは読む順にセルを埋めます。ふつうは左から右へ、漫画と右から左へ書く言語では右から左へ読みます。comics.artDirectionとmirrorArtで、絵を左右反転して合わせるかどうかを決めます。

**ほかに使うもの**

- [縦組み](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration.md#縦組み)
- [中国語・日本語・韓国語のフォント](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration.md#中国語日本語韓国語のフォント)
- [コマの枠線と間白](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/comics.md#コマと絵)
- [コマの絵とトリミング](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/comics.md#コマと絵)
- [他言語への写植し直し](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/comics.md#写植)
- [話者とアンカー](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/comics.md#話者とアンカー)
- [漫画のページ](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/comics.md#漫画のページ)
- [漫画の写植](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/comics.md#写植)
- [吹き出しのスタイル](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/comics.md#吹き出しのスタイル)
- [描き文字の擬音](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/comics.md#吹き出しのスタイル)
- [右綴じの本](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration.md#綴じ)
- [セマンティックカラーパレット](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration.md#カラーパレット)
- [キャンバス上のページ](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration.md#ページをビットマップに描画する)
- [PDFの書き出し](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration.md#pdfの生成)
- [中国語の改行](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration.md#東アジアの組版)
- [用紙の色](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration.md#ページ)
- [PDFに埋め込むフォント](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration.md#なぜフォントプロバイダーが必要か)
- [リソースとしての図と表](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/document-format.md#リソース)

**設定の一覧**

- [`bodyText`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration.md#本文), [`colorPalette`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration.md#カラーパレット), [`comics`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/comics.md#漫画のページ), [`footer`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration.md#柱とノンブル), [`header`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration.md#柱とノンブル), [`headings`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration.md#見出し), [`locale`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration.md#ハイフネーション), [`page`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration.md#ページ)

**API**

- [`buildDocument`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration.md#文書のビルド), [`clearMeasurementCache`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration.md#計測キャッシュ), [`decompressWoff2`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration.md#ブラウザー向けフォントプロバイダーfontsource--woff2), `loadVerticalAlternates`, [`registerResourceImage`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/architecture.md#apiの概要), [`renderPageToCanvas`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration.md#ページをビットマップに描画する), [`renderToPdf`](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/configuration.md#pdfの生成)

**書体**

- Zen Antique (OFL-1.1), Dela Gothic One (OFL-1.1), Comic Neue (OFL-1.1), Bangers (OFL-1.1), Noto Sans SC (OFL-1.1), ZCOOL KuaiLe (OFL-1.1), Playpen Sans Arabic (OFL-1.1), Lalezar (OFL-1.1)

## 作り方

### 1 · ページを4コマの列2本に分ける

コードは前の[手短な答え](https://postext.dev/ja/cookbook/yonkoma.md#手短な答え)にあります。ページ全体が1つの`:::page`で、コマ割りは`split="* [* / * / * / *] | * [* / * / * / *]"`です。同じ幅の2列を、それぞれ同じ高さの4段に分けます。8つの`::panel`の行は読む順にコマを埋めるので、最初の4つが1本目の作品になり、右から左へ読む設定では最初の列が右に置かれます（[コマ割り](https://postext.dev/ja/docs/comics.md#ページの分割)）。作品と作品の間白は9 mm、コマとコマの間白は3 mmにしているので、視線は1本を下まで読んでから次の作品へ移ります。

### 2 · 作品のタイトルを1コマ目に入れる

```js
// script.js, 行 66–73
const balloons = () => [
  { id: 'speech', fill: col('paper'), stroke: col('ink'), strokeWidth: pt(0.6), roundness: 2.4 },
  { id: 'shout', fill: col('paper'), stroke: col('ink'), burstPoints: 16 },
  // caption{title}: the strip's title, white on black in the first panel's corner
  { id: 'title', shape: 'rectangle', fill: col('ink'), stroke: col('ink'), color: col('paper'),
    bold: true, tail: 'none', position: 'top-start', butt: true, align: 'center' },
  { id: 'sfx', color: col('ink'), haloColor: col('paper'), fontScale: 1.8 }, // chibi: small effects
];
```

四コマにはタイトルがあり、作品集では作品の頭に囲みで入れます。ここではタイトルも台本の1行（`caption{title}: 朝ごはん`）で、`title`は専用のフキダシのスタイルです。黒地に白抜きで、コマの枠の行頭側の上の角にぴったり付けます。この本では右上です。ほかの行と同じく版ごとに写植されるので、英語版では同じ囲みに*Breakfast*と*Therapy*が入ります。

### 3 · 猫も話し手として位置を記す

```js
// script.js, 行 206–320
const cat = (id, x, y, fx, fy, w = 0.12, h = 0.15) => ({ id, x, y,
  face: { x: fx, y: fy, width: w, height: h } });
const nose = (id, x, y) => ({ id, x, y, head: { x, y: y - 0.04 } }); // cats asleep or eating
const ART = { // fractions of the picture: the same in every language
  door: {
    alt: t({ en: "Mugi unlocks the café's glass door; the white, black and calico cats wait.",
      es: 'Mugi abre la puerta de cristal del café; dentro esperan los tres gatos.',
      ca: 'La Mugi obre la porta de vidre del cafè; a dins esperen els tres gats.',
      zh: '麦打开猫咖的玻璃门，三只猫在里面等着。',
      ar: 'موغي تفتح باب المقهى الزجاجي، والقطط الثلاث تنتظر في الداخل.',
      ja: '猫カフェのガラス戸を開けるむぎ。中で3匹の猫が待っている。',
      pt: 'Mugi abre a porta de vidro do café; lá dentro, os três gatos esperam.' }),
  safeArea: { x: 0.09, y: 0.19, width: 0.81, height: 0.52 },
  anchors: [{ id: 'mugi', x: 0.205, y: 0.385, head: { x: 0.17, y: 0.25 },
    face: { x: 0.1, y: 0.2, width: 0.2, height: 0.23 } },
  cat('shiro', 0.5, 0.66, 0.44, 0.55, 0.13), cat('kuro', 0.66, 0.62, 0.61, 0.52, 0.12, 0.14),
  cat('mike', 0.83, 0.645, 0.77, 0.53, 0.12, 0.16)] },
  bowls: {
    alt: t({ en: 'Mugi sets out full food bowls in front of the three cats.',
      es: 'Mugi pone cuencos llenos delante de los tres gatos.',
      ca: 'La Mugi posa bols plens de menjar davant dels tres gats.',
      zh: '麦把装满猫粮的碗摆在三只猫面前。',
      ar: 'موغي تضع صحون طعام ممتلئة أمام القطط الثلاث.',
      ja: '3匹の猫の前に、ご飯を盛った器を並べるむぎ。',
      pt: 'Mugi põe tigelas cheias de comida na frente dos três gatos.' }),
  safeArea: { x: 0.16, y: 0.26, width: 0.74, height: 0.65 },
  anchors: [{ id: 'mugi', x: 0.27, y: 0.465, head: { x: 0.25, y: 0.3 },
    face: { x: 0.17, y: 0.26, width: 0.16, height: 0.24 } },
  cat('shiro', 0.37, 0.63, 0.31, 0.52, 0.13, 0.16), cat('kuro', 0.6, 0.64, 0.55, 0.52, 0.11, 0.16),
  cat('mike', 0.82, 0.62, 0.76, 0.52, 0.12, 0.14)] },
  onebowl: {
    alt: t({ en: 'All three cats push their heads into the same bowl; the others stay full.',
      es: 'Los tres gatos meten la cabeza en el mismo cuenco; los otros siguen llenos.',
      ca: 'Els tres gats fiquen el cap al mateix bol; els altres continuen plens.',
      zh: '三只猫把头挤进同一个碗里，另外两个碗还满着。',
      ar: 'القطط الثلاث تدسّ رؤوسها في الصحن نفسه، والصحنان الآخران ممتلئان.',
      ja: '3匹そろって同じ器に頭を突っこみ、ほかの器は手つかず。',
      pt: 'Os três gatos enfiam a cabeça na mesma tigela; as outras continuam cheias.' }),
  safeArea: { x: 0.05, y: 0.27, width: 0.88, height: 0.66 },
  anchors: [nose('shiro', 0.33, 0.66), nose('kuro', 0.5, 0.6), nose('mike', 0.66, 0.68),
    { id: 'sfx', x: 0.5, y: 0.3 }] },
  toast: {
    alt: t({ en: 'Mugi bites her toast while the three cats stare at it with shining eyes.',
      es: 'Mugi muerde su tostada mientras los tres gatos la miran con ojos brillantes.',
      ca: 'La Mugi mossega la torrada mentre els tres gats la miren amb ulls brillants.',
      zh: '麦咬着吐司，三只猫眼睛发亮地盯着。',
      ar: 'موغي تقضم خبزها المحمّص والقطط الثلاث تحدّق فيه بعيون لامعة.',
      ja: 'トーストをかじるむぎを、3匹がきらきらした目で見つめる。',
      pt: 'Mugi morde a torrada enquanto os três gatos olham para ela com olhos brilhando.' }),
  safeArea: { x: 0.09, y: 0.22, width: 0.85, height: 0.56 },
  avoid: [{ x: 0.6, y: 0.52, width: 0.15, height: 0.1 }],
  anchors: [{ id: 'mugi', x: 0.8, y: 0.5, head: { x: 0.85, y: 0.32 },
    face: { x: 0.75, y: 0.25, width: 0.2, height: 0.33 } },
  cat('shiro', 0.17, 0.71, 0.1, 0.6, 0.14, 0.16), cat('kuro', 0.32, 0.73, 0.26, 0.62, 0.12, 0.14),
  cat('mike', 0.46, 0.66, 0.4, 0.56, 0.12, 0.14)] },
  guest: {
    alt: t({ en: 'A tired office worker walks in, arms out; Mugi greets him from the counter.',
      es: 'Un oficinista cansado entra con los brazos abiertos; Mugi lo saluda desde la barra.',
      ca: 'Un oficinista cansat entra amb els braços oberts; la Mugi el saluda des de la barra.',
      zh: '一个疲惫的上班族张着双臂走进来，麦在柜台后招呼他。',
      ar: 'موظف متعب يدخل فاتحًا ذراعيه، وموغي ترحّب به من خلف المنضدة.',
      ja: '両手を広げて入ってくる疲れた会社員と、カウンターから迎えるむぎ。',
      pt: 'Um funcionário de escritório cansado entra de braços abertos; Mugi o recebe do '
        + 'balcão.' }),
  safeArea: { x: 0.13, y: 0.14, width: 0.74, height: 0.51 },
  anchors: [{ id: 'kyaku', x: 0.31, y: 0.42, head: { x: 0.28, y: 0.3 },
    face: { x: 0.19, y: 0.22, width: 0.21, height: 0.26 } },
  { id: 'mugi', x: 0.76, y: 0.39, head: { x: 0.76, y: 0.28 },
    face: { x: 0.68, y: 0.2, width: 0.18, height: 0.25 } }] },
  nap: {
    alt: t({ en: 'The three cats asleep in one pile on a round cushion.',
      es: 'Los tres gatos dormidos en un montón sobre un cojín redondo.',
      ca: 'Els tres gats adormits en un munt sobre un coixí rodó.',
      zh: '三只猫挤成一团睡在圆垫子上。',
      ar: 'القطط الثلاث نائمة كومةً واحدة على وسادة مستديرة.',
      ja: '丸いクッションの上で、ひとかたまりになって眠る3匹。',
      pt: 'Os três gatos dormem amontoados numa almofada redonda.' }),
  safeArea: { x: 0.27, y: 0.21, width: 0.52, height: 0.55 },
  anchors: [nose('shiro', 0.4, 0.42), nose('kuro', 0.41, 0.7), nose('mike', 0.72, 0.58),
    { id: 'sfx', x: 0.3, y: 0.25 }] },
  laptop: {
    alt: t({ en: 'The office worker sighs at a café table and opens his laptop.',
      es: 'El oficinista suspira en una mesa del café y abre el portátil.',
      ca: 'L’oficinista sospira en una taula del cafè i obre el portàtil.',
      zh: '上班族在咖啡桌前叹了口气，打开笔记本电脑。',
      ar: 'الموظف يتنهّد إلى طاولة في المقهى ويفتح حاسوبه.',
      ja: 'カフェのテーブルでため息をつき、ノートパソコンを開く会社員。',
      pt: 'O funcionário suspira numa mesa do café e abre o notebook.' }),
  safeArea: { x: 0.22, y: 0.25, width: 0.56, height: 0.55 },
  anchors: [{ id: 'kyaku', x: 0.45, y: 0.62, head: { x: 0.39, y: 0.4 },
    face: { x: 0.3, y: 0.3, width: 0.22, height: 0.38 } }] },
  keyboard: {
    alt: t({ en: 'The three cats sit on the keyboard; the worker cries tears of joy.',
      es: 'Los tres gatos se sientan en el teclado; el oficinista llora de alegría.',
      ca: 'Els tres gats seuen damunt del teclat; l’oficinista plora d’alegria.',
      zh: '三只猫坐在键盘上，上班族喜极而泣。',
      ar: 'القطط الثلاث تجلس على لوحة المفاتيح، والموظف يبكي من الفرح.',
      ja: 'キーボードの上に座る3匹と、うれし泣きする会社員。',
      pt: 'Os três gatos sentam no teclado; o funcionário chora de alegria.' }),
  safeArea: { x: 0.07, y: 0.1, width: 0.81, height: 0.78 },
  anchors: [{ id: 'kyaku', x: 0.29, y: 0.42, head: { x: 0.25, y: 0.2 },
    face: { x: 0.15, y: 0.1, width: 0.27, height: 0.4 } },
  cat('shiro', 0.42, 0.57, 0.36, 0.48, 0.13, 0.14), cat('kuro', 0.59, 0.6, 0.53, 0.5, 0.12, 0.14),
  cat('mike', 0.74, 0.62, 0.68, 0.52, 0.12, 0.14)] },
};
const panels = () => Promise.all([
  comicPanel('door', asset('neko-door.jpg'), ART.door),
  comicPanel('bowls', asset('neko-bowls.jpg'), ART.bowls),
  comicPanel('onebowl', asset('neko-onebowl.jpg'), ART.onebowl),
  comicPanel('toast', asset('neko-toast.jpg'), ART.toast),
  comicPanel('guest', asset('neko-guest.jpg'), ART.guest),
  comicPanel('nap', asset('neko-nap.jpg'), ART.nap),
  comicPanel('laptop', asset('neko-laptop.jpg'), ART.laptop),
  comicPanel('keyboard', asset('neko-keyboard.jpg'), ART.keyboard),
]);
```

猫も話すので（`kuro: にゃ`）、どの絵にもむぎと同じように猫の口と顔を記します。リストを短くするために小さな関数を2つ使います。こちらを向いた猫には`cat()`、顔が器やクッションに埋まっている猫には`nose()`です。3コマ目ではむぎが絵に写っていないので、`mugi{tail=top}`の行はしっぽがコマの上の縁へ向かいます。

### 4 · 各版の書体はその版の言葉で読み込む

```js
// script.js, 行 324–336
const SFX = /^sfx[^:：\n]*[:：](.*)$/gm; // sound-effect lines: the second face sets them
async function loadEdition(lang) {
  const text = TEXT[lang];
  const [face, sfx] = EDITIONS[lang].faces;
  const faces = { [face]: FONTS[face], [sfx]: FONTS[sfx] };
  if (['ja', 'zh'].includes(lang)) { // CJK: only the files that hold these characters
    const effects = [...text.matchAll(SFX)].map((m) => m[1]).join('');
    await loadCjkFonts({ [face]: FONTS[face] }, text.replace(SFX, ''), { vertical: true });
    await loadCjkFonts({ [sfx]: FONTS[sfx] }, effects, { vertical: true });
  }
  if (lang === 'ar') await loadArabicFonts(faces, text);
  await loadComicFonts(faces, text); // the bold and italic the faces do not ship
}
```

書体にはそれぞれが組む言葉を渡します。Zen Antiqueにはフキダシ、Dela Gothic Oneには描き文字（ガツガツ、じーっ、すやぁ、ずしっ）です。四コマのコマは縦より横が長いので、日本語の列は6字で折り返し（`maxColumnChars: 6`）、写植はストーリー漫画のページより0.5ポイント小さくしています。

### 5 · 各版の向かいに原版を置く

```js
// script.js, 行 341–350
const FACING = LANG === 'ja' ? 'en' : LANG; // Japanese readers see the English edition
const TEXT = { ja: original, [FACING]: LANG === 'ja' ? english : markdown };
await loadFonts(FONTS, Object.values(TEXT).join('\n'));
const resources = await panels();
const build = async (lang) => { // the same pictures and page; this language's lettering
  await loadEdition(lang);
  return buildWithFonts(() => buildDocument({ markdown: TEXT[lang], resources,
    continuation: { pageIndexOffset: lang === 'ja' ? 1 : 2 } }, edition(lang)), TEXT[lang]);
};
const docs = [await build('ja'), await build(FACING)];
```

サイトの言語ごとに2本を自分のファイルで写植し、見開きの反対側の日本語の原版と向かい合わせにします。日本語のページでは英語版と並べます。どの言語でも、右の作品から読む順は変わりません。

## レシピの全体

レシピのフォルダーから合成した1つのファイルで、サンプルのテキストとレシピ集の共通キットを埋め込んであり、自分でページを組み立てます。動かすには、空のページの`<script type="module">`に入れるか、新しいCodePenのpenのJSパネルに貼り付けます（モジュールとして）。esm.shからpostextを読み込むので、インストールもビルドも要りません。

- レシピのフォルダー: https://github.com/drnachio/postext/tree/main/cookbook/yonkoma

### script.js

```js
// ═══ Postext Cookbook · Nº 151 · Two yonkoma strips on a page ═════════════════════════
// https://postext.dev/en/cookbook/yonkoma
// Code: MIT · Story: written for the recipe (CC BY 4.0) · Pictures: generated with diffusion models
// Fonts: Zen Antique, Comic Neue and six more (SIL OFL 1.1) · Needs postext ≥ 1.21.0
// A page of a cat-café yonkoma: two four-panel strips side by side, the right one first.
import {
  buildDocument, renderPageToCanvas, clearMeasurementCache, registerResourceImage,
  loadVerticalAlternates,
} from 'https://esm.sh/postext';
import { renderToPdf, decompressWoff2 } from 'https://esm.sh/postext-pdf';

const LANG = 'ja'; // @lang: this edition's language; the Japanese original faces it
const RECIPE = 'yonkoma';

// ─── 1 · Design ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// #region palette: black ink on a warm white, one screen-tone grey
const palette = {
  ink: '#151413', // panel borders, balloon outlines, the lettering
  paper: '#fdfcf9', // the page and the balloons
  tone: '#e8e6e1', // the inner-voice box, a light screen tone
  muted: '#6f6b64',
  accent: '#a8322b', // the cover red (the Folio case in recipe.json)
};
const col = (id) => ({ hex: palette[id], model: 'hex', paletteId: id });
const colorPalette = [
  ...Object.entries(palette).map(([id, hex]) => ({ id, name: id, value: { hex, model: 'hex' } })),
  { id: 'main-color', name: 'ink (defaults)', value: { hex: palette.ink, model: 'hex' } },
];
// #endregion

// The engine's lettering and sound-effect faces per language (defaultComicFont and
// defaultComicSfxFont), written out so FONTS and the PDF know them.
const EDITIONS = {
  ja: { locale: 'ja', faces: ['Zen Antique', 'Dela Gothic One'] },
  en: { locale: 'en-us', faces: ['Comic Neue', 'Bangers'] },
  es: { locale: 'es', faces: ['Comic Neue', 'Bangers'] },
  ca: { locale: 'ca', faces: ['Comic Neue', 'Bangers'] },
  zh: { locale: 'zh-Hans', faces: ['Noto Sans SC', 'ZCOOL KuaiLe'] },
  ar: { locale: 'ar', faces: ['Playpen Sans Arabic', 'Lalezar'] },
  pt: { locale: 'pt-BR', faces: ['Comic Neue', 'Bangers'] },
};

// #region answer: two columns of four, read from the right
// content.<lang>.md splits the page `* [* / * / * / *] | * [* / * / * / *]`: two equal
// columns, each cut into four equal panels. The reading direction lays the first column
// out on the right, so the strip that opens the page is the right-hand one, as in a
// yonkoma magazine, and each strip still reads top to bottom. The gutter between the
// strips is wider than the gutters between their panels, so the eye drops down a strip
// before it crosses to the next.
const comics = (lang) => ({
  artDirection: 'rtl', // the right strip first, in every edition
  mirrorArt: false,
  gutter: { horizontal: mm(3), vertical: mm(9) }, // 3 mm between panels, 9 mm between strips
  panel: { borderWidth: pt(0.9), borderColor: col('ink'), background: col('paper') },
  lettering: {
    fontFamily: EDITIONS[lang].faces[0], color: col('ink'),
    fontSize: pt(['ja', 'zh'].includes(lang) ? 8 : 7), // a yonkoma letters smaller than a story
    writingMode: lang === 'zh' ? 'vertical' : 'auto',
    maxColumnChars: 6, // short columns: a yonkoma panel is wider than it is tall
  },
  balloonStyles: balloons(),
});
// #endregion

// #region balloons: round speech, and a black box for each strip's title
const balloons = () => [
  { id: 'speech', fill: col('paper'), stroke: col('ink'), strokeWidth: pt(0.6), roundness: 2.4 },
  { id: 'shout', fill: col('paper'), stroke: col('ink'), burstPoints: 16 },
  // caption{title}: the strip's title, white on black in the first panel's corner
  { id: 'title', shape: 'rectangle', fill: col('ink'), stroke: col('ink'), color: col('paper'),
    bold: true, tail: 'none', position: 'top-start', butt: true, align: 'center' },
  { id: 'sfx', color: col('ink'), haloColor: col('paper'), fontScale: 1.8 }, // chibi: small effects
];
// #endregion

const config = () => ({ // a factory: the engine caches resolved configs per object
  // Each edition's language, written out (gotcha: ja-locale-tag); the original is built
  // with 'ja' in every edition (edition('ja') below).
  locale: t({ ja: 'ja', en: 'en-us', es: 'es', ca: 'ca', zh: 'zh-Hans', ar: 'ar', pt: 'pt-BR' }),
  colorPalette,
  page: {
    sizePreset: 'custom', width: mm(148), height: mm(210), dpi: 150, // A5, a yonkoma anthology
    binding: 'right', backgroundColor: col('paper'), // manga open from the right, in any language
    margins: { top: mm(15), bottom: mm(15), left: mm(14), right: mm(14), mirror: true },
  },
  bodyText: {
    fontFamily: 'Zen Antique', fontSize: pt(9), lineHeight: pt(15), color: col('ink'),
    boldColor: col('ink'), italicColor: col('ink'), referenceColor: col('ink'),
  },
  headings: { fontFamily: 'Zen Antique', color: col('ink'),
    levels: [{ level: 1, breakBefore: { enabled: true, parity: 'any' } }] }, // the H1 break
  header: { elements: [] }, // comic pages are all panels: no running heads, no folios
  footer: { elements: [] },
  comics: comics(LANG),
});
// Another edition changes the language and the faces; the strips and their order stay.
const edition = (lang) => ({ ...config(), locale: EDITIONS[lang].locale, comics: comics(lang) });

// ─── 2 · Content ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const markdown = String.raw`---
title: "ねこ喫茶まどろみ"
author: "Postext Cookbook"
---

:::page{split="* [* / * / * / *] | * [* / * / * / *]"}
::panel{art=door}
caption{title}: 朝ごはん
mugi: おはよー、みんな！
kuro: にゃ
::panel{art=bowls}
mugi: ひとり一個ずつね
::panel{art=onebowl}
sfx: ガツガツ
mugi{tail=top}: ……なんで一個に集まるの
::panel{art=toast}
sfx: じーっ
mugi: さっき食べたでしょ！
::panel{art=guest}
caption{title}: いやし
kyaku: 猫ちゃんに癒されに来ました……
mugi: いらっしゃいませー
::panel{art=nap}
sfx: すやぁ
kyaku{tail=top}: ……全員寝てる
::panel{art=laptop}
kyaku: しかたない、仕事するか……
::panel{art=keyboard}
sfx{at="86% 84%" rotate=-10}: ずしっ
kyaku{shout break}: 仕事できないけど幸せーっ！！
:::
`; // content.<lang>.md: this edition's lettering
const original = String.raw`---
title: "ねこ喫茶まどろみ"
author: "Postext Cookbook"
---

:::page{split="* [* / * / * / *] | * [* / * / * / *]"}
::panel{art=door}
caption{title}: 朝ごはん
mugi: おはよー、みんな！
kuro: にゃ
::panel{art=bowls}
mugi: ひとり一個ずつね
::panel{art=onebowl}
sfx: ガツガツ
mugi{tail=top}: ……なんで一個に集まるの
::panel{art=toast}
sfx: じーっ
mugi: さっき食べたでしょ！
::panel{art=guest}
caption{title}: いやし
kyaku: 猫ちゃんに癒されに来ました……
mugi: いらっしゃいませー
::panel{art=nap}
sfx: すやぁ
kyaku{tail=top}: ……全員寝てる
::panel{art=laptop}
kyaku: しかたない、仕事するか……
::panel{art=keyboard}
sfx{at="86% 84%" rotate=-10}: ずしっ
kyaku{shout break}: 仕事できないけど幸せーっ！！
:::
`; // content.ja.md, the original, in every edition
const english = String.raw`---
title: "Café Doze"
author: "Postext Cookbook"
---

:::page{split="* [* / * / * / *] | * [* / * / * / *]"}
::panel{art=door}
caption{title}: Breakfast
mugi: Morning, everyone!
kuro: Mrrp.
::panel{art=bowls}
mugi: One bowl each, okay?
::panel{art=onebowl}
sfx: NOM NOM
mugi{tail=top}: …Why all in the same one?
::panel{art=toast}
sfx: STARE
mugi: You just ate!
::panel{art=guest}
caption{title}: Therapy
kyaku: I'm here to be healed by cats…
mugi: Welcome!
::panel{art=nap}
sfx: zzz
kyaku{tail=top}: …They're all asleep.
::panel{art=laptop}
kyaku: Fine. I'll get some work done…
::panel{art=keyboard}
sfx{at="70% 80%" rotate=-10}: THUMP
kyaku{shout}: Can't work. So happy!!
:::
`; // the Japanese edition faces the original with it
// The same panels and speaker ids in every file; only the words change.

// ─── 3 · Fonts ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const FONTS = {
  'Zen Antique': ['400'], 'Dela Gothic One': ['400'], 'Comic Neue': ['400', '700', '400i', '700i'],
  Bangers: ['400'], 'Noto Sans SC': ['400', '700'], 'ZCOOL KuaiLe': ['400'],
  'Playpen Sans Arabic': ['400', '700'], Lalezar: ['400'],
};

// #region art: eight chibi panels drawn for the recipe, speakers and faces marked once
const cat = (id, x, y, fx, fy, w = 0.12, h = 0.15) => ({ id, x, y,
  face: { x: fx, y: fy, width: w, height: h } });
const nose = (id, x, y) => ({ id, x, y, head: { x, y: y - 0.04 } }); // cats asleep or eating
const ART = { // fractions of the picture: the same in every language
  door: {
    alt: t({ en: "Mugi unlocks the café's glass door; the white, black and calico cats wait.",
      es: 'Mugi abre la puerta de cristal del café; dentro esperan los tres gatos.',
      ca: 'La Mugi obre la porta de vidre del cafè; a dins esperen els tres gats.',
      zh: '麦打开猫咖的玻璃门，三只猫在里面等着。',
      ar: 'موغي تفتح باب المقهى الزجاجي، والقطط الثلاث تنتظر في الداخل.',
      ja: '猫カフェのガラス戸を開けるむぎ。中で3匹の猫が待っている。',
      pt: 'Mugi abre a porta de vidro do café; lá dentro, os três gatos esperam.' }),
  safeArea: { x: 0.09, y: 0.19, width: 0.81, height: 0.52 },
  anchors: [{ id: 'mugi', x: 0.205, y: 0.385, head: { x: 0.17, y: 0.25 },
    face: { x: 0.1, y: 0.2, width: 0.2, height: 0.23 } },
  cat('shiro', 0.5, 0.66, 0.44, 0.55, 0.13), cat('kuro', 0.66, 0.62, 0.61, 0.52, 0.12, 0.14),
  cat('mike', 0.83, 0.645, 0.77, 0.53, 0.12, 0.16)] },
  bowls: {
    alt: t({ en: 'Mugi sets out full food bowls in front of the three cats.',
      es: 'Mugi pone cuencos llenos delante de los tres gatos.',
      ca: 'La Mugi posa bols plens de menjar davant dels tres gats.',
      zh: '麦把装满猫粮的碗摆在三只猫面前。',
      ar: 'موغي تضع صحون طعام ممتلئة أمام القطط الثلاث.',
      ja: '3匹の猫の前に、ご飯を盛った器を並べるむぎ。',
      pt: 'Mugi põe tigelas cheias de comida na frente dos três gatos.' }),
  safeArea: { x: 0.16, y: 0.26, width: 0.74, height: 0.65 },
  anchors: [{ id: 'mugi', x: 0.27, y: 0.465, head: { x: 0.25, y: 0.3 },
    face: { x: 0.17, y: 0.26, width: 0.16, height: 0.24 } },
  cat('shiro', 0.37, 0.63, 0.31, 0.52, 0.13, 0.16), cat('kuro', 0.6, 0.64, 0.55, 0.52, 0.11, 0.16),
  cat('mike', 0.82, 0.62, 0.76, 0.52, 0.12, 0.14)] },
  onebowl: {
    alt: t({ en: 'All three cats push their heads into the same bowl; the others stay full.',
      es: 'Los tres gatos meten la cabeza en el mismo cuenco; los otros siguen llenos.',
      ca: 'Els tres gats fiquen el cap al mateix bol; els altres continuen plens.',
      zh: '三只猫把头挤进同一个碗里，另外两个碗还满着。',
      ar: 'القطط الثلاث تدسّ رؤوسها في الصحن نفسه، والصحنان الآخران ممتلئان.',
      ja: '3匹そろって同じ器に頭を突っこみ、ほかの器は手つかず。',
      pt: 'Os três gatos enfiam a cabeça na mesma tigela; as outras continuam cheias.' }),
  safeArea: { x: 0.05, y: 0.27, width: 0.88, height: 0.66 },
  anchors: [nose('shiro', 0.33, 0.66), nose('kuro', 0.5, 0.6), nose('mike', 0.66, 0.68),
    { id: 'sfx', x: 0.5, y: 0.3 }] },
  toast: {
    alt: t({ en: 'Mugi bites her toast while the three cats stare at it with shining eyes.',
      es: 'Mugi muerde su tostada mientras los tres gatos la miran con ojos brillantes.',
      ca: 'La Mugi mossega la torrada mentre els tres gats la miren amb ulls brillants.',
      zh: '麦咬着吐司，三只猫眼睛发亮地盯着。',
      ar: 'موغي تقضم خبزها المحمّص والقطط الثلاث تحدّق فيه بعيون لامعة.',
      ja: 'トーストをかじるむぎを、3匹がきらきらした目で見つめる。',
      pt: 'Mugi morde a torrada enquanto os três gatos olham para ela com olhos brilhando.' }),
  safeArea: { x: 0.09, y: 0.22, width: 0.85, height: 0.56 },
  avoid: [{ x: 0.6, y: 0.52, width: 0.15, height: 0.1 }],
  anchors: [{ id: 'mugi', x: 0.8, y: 0.5, head: { x: 0.85, y: 0.32 },
    face: { x: 0.75, y: 0.25, width: 0.2, height: 0.33 } },
  cat('shiro', 0.17, 0.71, 0.1, 0.6, 0.14, 0.16), cat('kuro', 0.32, 0.73, 0.26, 0.62, 0.12, 0.14),
  cat('mike', 0.46, 0.66, 0.4, 0.56, 0.12, 0.14)] },
  guest: {
    alt: t({ en: 'A tired office worker walks in, arms out; Mugi greets him from the counter.',
      es: 'Un oficinista cansado entra con los brazos abiertos; Mugi lo saluda desde la barra.',
      ca: 'Un oficinista cansat entra amb els braços oberts; la Mugi el saluda des de la barra.',
      zh: '一个疲惫的上班族张着双臂走进来，麦在柜台后招呼他。',
      ar: 'موظف متعب يدخل فاتحًا ذراعيه، وموغي ترحّب به من خلف المنضدة.',
      ja: '両手を広げて入ってくる疲れた会社員と、カウンターから迎えるむぎ。',
      pt: 'Um funcionário de escritório cansado entra de braços abertos; Mugi o recebe do '
        + 'balcão.' }),
  safeArea: { x: 0.13, y: 0.14, width: 0.74, height: 0.51 },
  anchors: [{ id: 'kyaku', x: 0.31, y: 0.42, head: { x: 0.28, y: 0.3 },
    face: { x: 0.19, y: 0.22, width: 0.21, height: 0.26 } },
  { id: 'mugi', x: 0.76, y: 0.39, head: { x: 0.76, y: 0.28 },
    face: { x: 0.68, y: 0.2, width: 0.18, height: 0.25 } }] },
  nap: {
    alt: t({ en: 'The three cats asleep in one pile on a round cushion.',
      es: 'Los tres gatos dormidos en un montón sobre un cojín redondo.',
      ca: 'Els tres gats adormits en un munt sobre un coixí rodó.',
      zh: '三只猫挤成一团睡在圆垫子上。',
      ar: 'القطط الثلاث نائمة كومةً واحدة على وسادة مستديرة.',
      ja: '丸いクッションの上で、ひとかたまりになって眠る3匹。',
      pt: 'Os três gatos dormem amontoados numa almofada redonda.' }),
  safeArea: { x: 0.27, y: 0.21, width: 0.52, height: 0.55 },
  anchors: [nose('shiro', 0.4, 0.42), nose('kuro', 0.41, 0.7), nose('mike', 0.72, 0.58),
    { id: 'sfx', x: 0.3, y: 0.25 }] },
  laptop: {
    alt: t({ en: 'The office worker sighs at a café table and opens his laptop.',
      es: 'El oficinista suspira en una mesa del café y abre el portátil.',
      ca: 'L’oficinista sospira en una taula del cafè i obre el portàtil.',
      zh: '上班族在咖啡桌前叹了口气，打开笔记本电脑。',
      ar: 'الموظف يتنهّد إلى طاولة في المقهى ويفتح حاسوبه.',
      ja: 'カフェのテーブルでため息をつき、ノートパソコンを開く会社員。',
      pt: 'O funcionário suspira numa mesa do café e abre o notebook.' }),
  safeArea: { x: 0.22, y: 0.25, width: 0.56, height: 0.55 },
  anchors: [{ id: 'kyaku', x: 0.45, y: 0.62, head: { x: 0.39, y: 0.4 },
    face: { x: 0.3, y: 0.3, width: 0.22, height: 0.38 } }] },
  keyboard: {
    alt: t({ en: 'The three cats sit on the keyboard; the worker cries tears of joy.',
      es: 'Los tres gatos se sientan en el teclado; el oficinista llora de alegría.',
      ca: 'Els tres gats seuen damunt del teclat; l’oficinista plora d’alegria.',
      zh: '三只猫坐在键盘上，上班族喜极而泣。',
      ar: 'القطط الثلاث تجلس على لوحة المفاتيح، والموظف يبكي من الفرح.',
      ja: 'キーボードの上に座る3匹と、うれし泣きする会社員。',
      pt: 'Os três gatos sentam no teclado; o funcionário chora de alegria.' }),
  safeArea: { x: 0.07, y: 0.1, width: 0.81, height: 0.78 },
  anchors: [{ id: 'kyaku', x: 0.29, y: 0.42, head: { x: 0.25, y: 0.2 },
    face: { x: 0.15, y: 0.1, width: 0.27, height: 0.4 } },
  cat('shiro', 0.42, 0.57, 0.36, 0.48, 0.13, 0.14), cat('kuro', 0.59, 0.6, 0.53, 0.5, 0.12, 0.14),
  cat('mike', 0.74, 0.62, 0.68, 0.52, 0.12, 0.14)] },
};
const panels = () => Promise.all([
  comicPanel('door', asset('neko-door.jpg'), ART.door),
  comicPanel('bowls', asset('neko-bowls.jpg'), ART.bowls),
  comicPanel('onebowl', asset('neko-onebowl.jpg'), ART.onebowl),
  comicPanel('toast', asset('neko-toast.jpg'), ART.toast),
  comicPanel('guest', asset('neko-guest.jpg'), ART.guest),
  comicPanel('nap', asset('neko-nap.jpg'), ART.nap),
  comicPanel('laptop', asset('neko-laptop.jpg'), ART.laptop),
  comicPanel('keyboard', asset('neko-keyboard.jpg'), ART.keyboard),
]);
// #endregion

// #region fonts: each edition loads its two faces with the words they set
const SFX = /^sfx[^:：\n]*[:：](.*)$/gm; // sound-effect lines: the second face sets them
async function loadEdition(lang) {
  const text = TEXT[lang];
  const [face, sfx] = EDITIONS[lang].faces;
  const faces = { [face]: FONTS[face], [sfx]: FONTS[sfx] };
  if (['ja', 'zh'].includes(lang)) { // CJK: only the files that hold these characters
    const effects = [...text.matchAll(SFX)].map((m) => m[1]).join('');
    await loadCjkFonts({ [face]: FONTS[face] }, text.replace(SFX, ''), { vertical: true });
    await loadCjkFonts({ [sfx]: FONTS[sfx] }, effects, { vertical: true });
  }
  if (lang === 'ar') await loadArabicFonts(faces, text);
  await loadComicFonts(faces, text); // the bold and italic the faces do not ship
}
// #endregion

// ─── 4 · Build & show ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// #region editions: the original on the right-hand page, this edition's lettering facing it
const FACING = LANG === 'ja' ? 'en' : LANG; // Japanese readers see the English edition
const TEXT = { ja: original, [FACING]: LANG === 'ja' ? english : markdown };
await loadFonts(FONTS, Object.values(TEXT).join('\n'));
const resources = await panels();
const build = async (lang) => { // the same pictures and page; this language's lettering
  await loadEdition(lang);
  return buildWithFonts(() => buildDocument({ markdown: TEXT[lang], resources,
    continuation: { pageIndexOffset: lang === 'ja' ? 1 : 2 } }, edition(lang)), TEXT[lang]);
};
const docs = [await build('ja'), await build(FACING)];
// #endregion
const TITLE = t({
  en: 'Two yonkoma strips on a page', es: 'Dos tiras yonkoma en una página',
  ca: 'Dues tires yonkoma en una pàgina', zh: '一页并排两篇四格漫画', ar: 'شريطا يونكوما في صفحة واحدة',
  ja: '1ページに四コマを2本並べる', pt: 'Duas tiras yonkoma numa página' });
showBook(docs, { title: TITLE });
offerPdf(() => renderToPdf(docs, { fontProvider: comicPdfProvider, resourceBytes: imageBytes }),
  `${RECIPE}.pdf`);

// ─── Kit ── helpers shared by every Cookbook recipe · postext.dev/cookbook ─────

// ─── Kit · core v1 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
function mm(value) { return { value, unit: 'mm' }; }
function pt(value) { return { value, unit: 'pt' }; }
function em(value) { return { value, unit: 'em' }; }
/** The sample language's string: t({ en: 'Figure', es: 'Figura' }). */
function t(strings) { return strings[LANG] ?? Object.values(strings)[0]; }
/** A file in this recipe's assets folder, served from the Postext repo by jsDelivr. */
function asset(file) { return `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/drnachio/postext@main/cookbook/${RECIPE}/assets/${file}`; }

// ─── Kit · fonts v2 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
// Postext measures with the loaded faces and caches the widths: load every face
// before the first build, from Fontsource, the files the PDF embeds too.

/** faces = { 'Family Name': ['400', '400i', '700'] }. `text` is the sample:
 *  č ł † α χ also load latin-ext and greek files (kitSubsetsFor). With
 *  `optional`, a face Fontsource does not ship is skipped instead of failing.
 *  Resolves to the number of faces added. */
async function loadFonts(faces, text = '', { optional = false } = {}) {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  const ranges = {
    latin: 'U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,'
      + 'U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD',
    'latin-ext': 'U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,'
      + 'U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF',
    greek: 'U+0370-03FF',
  };
  const jobs = [];
  let added = 0;
  for (const [family, specs] of Object.entries(faces)) {
    const id = fontsourceId(family);
    const todo = [...new Set(specs)].map((spec) => [parseInt(spec, 10), spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal'])
      .filter(([weight, style]) => !hasFace(family, weight, style)); // before any await
    const meta = optional || /[^\0-ÿ]/u.test(text) ? await fontsourceMeta(family) : null;
    const subsets = ['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)];
    for (const [weight, style] of todo) {
      if (optional && !(meta?.weights.includes(weight) && meta.styles.includes(style))) continue;
      for (const subset of subsets) {
        const url = `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fontsource/${id}@5/files/${id}-${subset}-${weight}-${style}.woff2`;
        const face = new FontFace(family, `url(${url}) format('woff2')`,
          { weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: ranges[subset] });
        jobs.push(face.load().then((ready) => { document.fonts.add(ready); added++; }, () => {
          if (subset === 'latin' && !optional) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${weight} ${style}`);
        }));
      }
    }
  }
  await Promise.all(jobs).catch((error) => { kitFail(error); throw error; });
  return added;
}

/** Runs `build` and loads any face the pages use that FONTS missed (a regular
 *  one with a warning), then clears the measurement cache and builds again. */
async function buildWithFonts(build, text = '') {
  const tried = new Set();
  for (let round = 0; round < 3; round++) {
    kitStatus('Laying out…');
    await new Promise(requestAnimationFrame);          // let the status paint first
    const result = await Promise.resolve().then(build).catch((error) => { kitFail(error); throw error; });
    const wanted = { base: {}, variants: {} };
    for (const { font, base } of [result].flat().flatMap(fontStringsOf)) {
      const { family, weight, style } = parseFont(font);
      const key = `${family}|${weight}|${style}`;
      if (tried.has(key) || hasFace(family, weight, style)) continue;
      tried.add(key);
      (wanted[base ? 'base' : 'variants'][family] ??= []).push(`${weight}${style === 'italic' ? 'i' : ''}`);
    }
    if (Object.keys(wanted.base).length) {
      console.warn(`[cookbook] FONTS does not list ${JSON.stringify(wanted.base)}: loading them.`);
    }
    const added = await loadFonts(wanted.base, text) + await loadFonts(wanted.variants, text, { optional: true });
    if (added === 0) return result;
    clearMeasurementCache();
  }
  throw new Error('The fonts did not settle after three builds.');
}

/** Every font string of the layout; `base` marks a block's own face. */
function fontStringsOf(doc) {
  const found = new Map();
  const walk = (node) => {
    if (!node || typeof node !== 'object') return;
    if (Array.isArray(node)) { node.forEach(walk); return; }
    for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(node)) {
      if (typeof value === 'string' && /fontString$/i.test(key)) {
        found.set(value, found.get(value) || key === 'fontString');
      } else if (value && typeof value === 'object') walk(value);
    }
  };
  walk(doc.pages);
  walk(doc.blocks);
  return [...found].map(([font, base]) => ({ font, base }));
}

/** '700 37.5px Open Sans' / 'italic 400 13px "Source Serif 4"' → { family, weight, style }.
 *  A string with no weight ('95.8px Young Serif', from a design text) is 400. */
function parseFont(font) {
  const m = /^(?:(italic|oblique)\s+)?(?:small-caps\s+)?(?:(\d+|bold|normal)\s+)?[\d.]+px\s+(.+)$/.exec(font.trim());
  if (!m) throw new Error(`Unexpected font string: ${font}`);
  const weight = m[2] === 'bold' ? 700 : !m[2] || m[2] === 'normal' ? 400 : Number(m[2]);
  return { family: m[3].replace(/^["']|["']$/g, ''), weight, style: m[1] ? 'italic' : 'normal' };
}

/** A loaded FontFace covers this family, weight and style (fonts.check() would
 *  also say yes for families nobody declared). */
function hasFace(family, weight, style) {
  for (const face of document.fonts) {
    if (face.status !== 'loaded' || face.style !== style) continue;
    if (face.family.replace(/^["']|["']$/g, '') !== family) continue;
    const [low, high = low] = face.weight.split(' ').map(Number);
    if (weight >= low && weight <= high) return true;
  }
  return false;
}

/** The files beyond latin `text` needs that `meta`'s family ships. */
function kitSubsetsFor(text, meta) {
  return [[/[Ā-˿ᴀ-ᶿḀ-ỿ†ℓⱠ-Ɀ꜠-ꟿ]/u, 'latin-ext'], [/[Ͱ-Ͽ]/u, 'greek']]
    .filter(([re, x]) => re.test(text) && meta?.subsets?.includes(x)).map(([, x]) => x);
}

/** Fontsource's id for a family: 'Source Serif 4' → 'source-serif-4'. */
function fontsourceId(family) { return family.toLowerCase().replace(/\s+/g, '-'); }

/** The family's Fontsource metadata (weights, styles, subsets), or null. */
function fontsourceMeta(family) {
  fontsourceMeta.cache ??= new Map();
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  if (!fontsourceMeta.cache.has(id)) {
    fontsourceMeta.cache.set(id, fetch(`https://api.fontsource.org/v1/fonts/${id}`)
      .then((res) => (res.ok ? res.json() : null), () => null));
  }
  return fontsourceMeta.cache.get(id);
}

// ─── Kit · viewer v1 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
/** The pages as spreads on a dark desk, page 1 alone, then verso | recto,
 *  each painted when it scrolls near. */
function showPages(docs, { title, width = 460 } = {}) {
  const root = viewer(title);
  const pages = [docs].flat().flatMap((doc) =>
    doc.pages.map((page) => ({ doc, page, n: (doc.pageIndexOffset ?? 0) + page.index })));
  const spreads = [];
  let verso = null;
  for (const p of pages) {
    if (p.n % 2 === 1) { if (verso) spreads.push([verso, null]); verso = p; }
    else { spreads.push([verso, p]); verso = null; }
  }
  if (verso) spreads.push([verso, null]);
  const density = Math.min(window.devicePixelRatio || 1, 2);
  showPages.painter?.disconnect();
  const painter = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {
    for (const { isIntersecting, target } of entries) {
      if (!isIntersecting) continue;
      painter.unobserve(target);
      const { doc, page } = target.postext;
      renderPageToCanvas(page, doc, target, { scale: (width * density) / page.width });
    }
  }, { rootMargin: '800px' });
  showPages.painter = painter;
  root.replaceChildren(...spreads.map((pair) => {
    const spread = document.createElement('div');
    spread.className = 'pt-spread';
    for (const p of pair) {
      const figure = document.createElement('figure');
      if (p) {
        const label = p.page.pageLabel || String(p.n + 1);
        const canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
        canvas.postext = p;
        canvas.style.aspectRatio = `${p.page.width} / ${p.page.height}`;
        canvas.setAttribute('role', 'img');
        canvas.setAttribute('aria-label', `Page ${label}`);
        const folio = document.createElement('figcaption');
        folio.textContent = label;
        figure.append(canvas, folio);
        painter.observe(canvas);
      } else figure.className = 'pt-blank';
      spread.append(figure);
    }
    return spread;
  }));
  kitStatus(`${pages.length} ${pages.length === 1 ? 'page' : 'pages'}`);
  document.documentElement.dataset.postext = 'ready';
  return pages.length;
}

/** The desk, the bar and the error reporting, created once. */
function viewer(title) {
  if (!document.getElementById('pt-kit')) {
    document.head.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', `<style id="pt-kit">
      :root { color-scheme: dark; }
      body { margin: 0; background: #0e1014; color: #b9bcc4; font: 13px/1.45 system-ui, sans-serif; }
      #pt-bar { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 1; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center;
        gap: 6px 16px; padding: 10px 16px; background: rgb(14 16 20 / .92); backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
        border-bottom: 1px solid #23262d; }
      #pt-bar strong { color: #f4f1ea; font-weight: 600; }
      #pt-actions { display: flex; gap: 12px; margin-left: auto; }
      #pt-actions a, #pt-actions button { color: #d8a21a; font: inherit; background: none; border: 0; padding: 0; cursor: pointer; }
      #pages { display: grid; justify-items: center; gap: 48px; padding: 32px 16px 72px; }
      .pt-spread { display: flex; }
      .pt-spread figure { margin: 0; width: min(460px, 44vw); }
      .pt-spread canvas { display: block; width: 100%; background: #fff;
        box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
      .pt-spread figure:first-child canvas { box-shadow: inset -14px 0 14px -14px rgb(0 0 0 / .18), 0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
      .pt-spread figcaption { margin-top: 10px; text-align: center; font: 600 10px/1 system-ui, sans-serif;
        letter-spacing: .18em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #6c7079; }
      .pt-blank { visibility: hidden; }
      @media (max-width: 760px) {
        .pt-spread { flex-direction: column; gap: 32px; }
        .pt-spread figure { width: min(460px, 92vw); }
        .pt-blank { display: none; }
      }
    </style>`);
    document.body.insertAdjacentHTML('afterbegin',
      '<header id="pt-bar"><strong id="pt-title"></strong><span id="pt-status" role="status"></span><span id="pt-actions"></span></header>');
    document.getElementById('pt-title').textContent = document.title || 'Postext';
    addEventListener('error', (event) => kitFail(event.error ?? event.message));
    addEventListener('unhandledrejection', (event) => kitFail(event.reason));
  }
  if (title) document.getElementById('pt-title').textContent = title;
  return document.getElementById('pages')
    ?? document.body.appendChild(Object.assign(document.createElement('main'), { id: 'pages' }));
}

function kitStatus(text) {
  viewer();
  document.getElementById('pt-status').textContent = text;
}

function kitFail(error) {
  document.documentElement.dataset.postext = 'error';
  kitStatus(`Error: ${error?.message ?? error}`);
}

// ─── Kit · pdf v2 ── the same in every recipe that exports a PDF
/** The Fontsource files the screen used, as TrueType: the nearest weight the
 *  family ships, upright if it has no italic; latin, then what the face's
 *  letters need (kitSubsetsFor). */
async function fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style, request) {
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const weights = meta?.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const s = style === 'italic' && meta && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const text = String.fromCodePoint(...(request?.codePoints ?? []));
  const more = kitSubsetsFor(text, meta);
  const files = await Promise.all(['latin', ...more].map(async (subset) => {
    const res = await fetch(`https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fontsource/${id}@5/files/${id}-${subset}-${w}-${s}.woff2`);
    if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${w} ${s} ${subset}`);
    return decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer()));
  }));
  return files.length === 1 ? files[0] : files;
}

/** A "Build the PDF" button; then "Open the PDF" (a new tab: CodePen's frame
 *  shows no PDFs) and a download link. */
function offerPdf(makePdf, filename) {
  viewer();
  const button = Object.assign(document.createElement('button'), { type: 'button', textContent: 'Build the PDF' });
  button.dataset.postextPdf = filename;
  button.addEventListener('click', async () => {
    button.disabled = true;
    button.textContent = 'Building the PDF…';
    try {
      const bytes = await makePdf();
      const url = URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([bytes], { type: 'application/pdf' }));
      const size = `${Math.max(1, Math.round(bytes.length / 1024))} KB`;
      button.replaceWith(
        Object.assign(document.createElement('a'), { href: url, target: '_blank', rel: 'noopener', textContent: 'Open the PDF ↗' }),
        Object.assign(document.createElement('a'), { href: url, download: filename, textContent: `Download ${filename} · ${size}` }));
    } catch (error) {
      button.disabled = false;
      button.textContent = 'Build the PDF';
      kitFail(error);
    }
  });
  document.getElementById('pt-actions').append(button);
}

// ─── Kit · images v1 ── recipes with pictures · postext.dev/cookbook
/** Registers a photo or PNG for the canvas and keeps its bytes for the PDF.
 *  fetch → ImageBitmap never taints the canvas (a plain cross-origin <img> would). */
async function loadImage(fileId, url) {
  const res = await fetch(url);
  if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Image not found (${res.status}): ${url}`);
  const bytes = new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer());
  registerResourceImage(fileId, await createImageBitmap(new Blob([bytes])));
  (loadImage.bytes ??= new Map()).set(fileId, bytes);
}

/** Registers SVG markup (drawn in code, or fetched) as a vector image. */
async function loadSvg(fileId, svg) {
  const img = new Image();
  img.src = `data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,${encodeURIComponent(svg)}`;
  await img.decode();
  registerResourceImage(fileId, img);
  (loadImage.bytes ??= new Map()).set(fileId, new TextEncoder().encode(svg));
}

/** renderToPdf({ resourceBytes: imageBytes }) */
function imageBytes(fileId) { return loadImage.bytes?.get(fileId); }

/** renderToHtml({ resourceImageUrl: imageUrl }) */
function imageUrl(fileId) {
  const bytes = imageBytes(fileId);
  if (!bytes) return undefined;
  imageUrl.urls ??= new Map();
  if (!imageUrl.urls.has(fileId)) {
    const type = /\.svg$/i.test(fileId) ? 'image/svg+xml' : /\.png$/i.test(fileId) ? 'image/png' : 'image/jpeg';
    imageUrl.urls.set(fileId, URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([bytes], { type })));
  }
  return imageUrl.urls.get(fileId);
}

// ─── Kit · cjk v1 ── Chinese, Japanese and Korean books · postext.dev/cookbook
// Fontsource ships a CJK family as about a hundred files per weight, each
// declared in its stylesheet with the unicode-range it covers. The screen
// loads the files the sample touches; the PDF gets the same files for the
// characters its pages set in each face, and embeds each as a subset.
// A book bound on the right (vertical text) is shown with its spreads
// mirrored: page 1 alone on the left of the spine, then [3 | 2].

/** The files of a Fontsource face, read from its stylesheet: { url, range,
 *  ranges }, the last declared first (the order the browser tries them in). */
function cjkSlices(family, weight, style) {
  cjkSlices.cache ??= new Map();
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const css = `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fontsource/${id}@5/${weight}${style === 'italic' ? '-italic' : ''}.css`;
  if (!cjkSlices.cache.has(css)) {
    cjkSlices.cache.set(css, fetch(css)
      .then((res) => {
        if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${weight} ${style} (${res.status})`);
        return res.text();
      })
      .then((text) => [...text.matchAll(/@font-face\s*{([^}]*)}/g)].map(([, rule]) => {
        const range = /unicode-range:\s*([^;]+);/.exec(rule)?.[1].trim() ?? 'U+0-10FFFF';
        const ranges = range.split(',').map((part) => {
          const [lo, hi = lo] = part.trim().slice(2).split('-');
          return [parseInt(lo, 16), parseInt(hi, 16)];
        });
        return { url: new URL(/url\(([^)]+?\.woff2)\)/.exec(rule)[1], css).href, range, ranges };
      }).reverse()));
  }
  return cjkSlices.cache.get(css);
}

/** The file of `slices` that holds code point `cp`, if any. */
function cjkSliceFor(slices, cp) {
  return slices.find((slice) => slice.ranges.some(([lo, hi]) => cp >= lo && cp <= hi));
}

/** Whether Fontsource serves `family` as a Chinese, Japanese or Korean
 *  family (its subsets name the script). Fails when the API does not
 *  answer: a CJK face taken for a Latin one would paint in a system face. */
async function isCjkFamily(family) {
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  if (!meta) throw new Error(`api.fontsource.org did not describe ${family}: reload to try again`);
  return !!meta.subsets?.some((subset) => /^(chinese|japanese|korean)/.test(subset));
}

/** faces = { 'Noto Serif TC': ['400', '700'] }, as for loadFonts: the
 *  whole FONTS object may be passed, its other families are left to
 *  loadFonts. Adds one FontFace per file of each CJK face with its
 *  unicodeRange, then loads the files `text` touches. `text` is what the
 *  faces set: the sample for the text face; a book in several voices calls
 *  it once per voice (loadCjkFonts({ 'LXGW WenKai TC': ['400'] }, quotes)),
 *  so the heading and quotation faces fetch and check only their own
 *  characters. Fails when a character of `text` is in no file of a face.
 *  List every weight the pages use: a weight left to buildWithFonts gets
 *  the latin file only. With { vertical: true } it also loads each
 *  family's vertical forms (brackets, quotes, pause marks) for the canvas,
 *  which needs loadVerticalAlternates imported from postext. Resolves to
 *  the number of files loaded. */
async function loadCjkFonts(faces, text, { vertical = false } = {}) {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  let loaded = 0;
  try {
    if (vertical && typeof loadVerticalAlternates !== 'function') {
      throw new Error('loadCjkFonts(…, { vertical: true }) needs loadVerticalAlternates imported from postext');
    }
    for (const [family, specs] of Object.entries(faces)) {
      if (!(await isCjkFamily(family))) continue;
      const twin = [];
      for (const spec of new Set(specs)) {
        const weight = parseInt(spec, 10);
        const style = spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal';
        const slices = await cjkSlices(family, weight, style);
        const missing = [...new Set(text)].filter((ch) => /\S/.test(ch) && !cjkSliceFor(slices, ch.codePointAt(0)));
        if (missing.length) {
          throw new Error(`${family} ${spec} has no file for ${missing.slice(0, 12).join(' ')}: `
            + `give each face the text it sets (loadCjkFonts({ '${family}': ['${spec}'] }, text))`);
        }
        for (const slice of slices) {
          document.fonts.add(new FontFace(family, `url(${slice.url}) format('woff2')`,
            { weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: slice.range }));
          twin.push({ source: slice.url, weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: slice.range });
        }
        const font = `${style === 'italic' ? 'italic ' : ''}${weight} 16px "${family}"`;
        loaded += (await document.fonts.load(font, text)).length;
        if (!document.fonts.check(font, text)) throw new Error(`${family} ${spec} did not load for the sample`);
      }
      // The same files under a twin name with the `vert` feature on: the
      // canvas paints the punctuation of vertical lines with it.
      if (vertical && twin.length) await loadVerticalAlternates(family, twin);
    }
  } catch (error) {
    kitFail(error);
    throw error;
  }
  return loaded;
}

/** The PDF font provider for recipes with CJK faces: a family whose
 *  Fontsource subsets are Chinese, Japanese or Korean gets the files that
 *  hold the characters its pages set (`request.codePoints`); any other
 *  family gets the latin file fontsourceProvider fetches (the "pdf" block)
 *  and, when the face sets letters only latin-ext has, that file too. */
async function cjkPdfProvider(family, weight, style, request) {
  if (!(await isCjkFamily(family))) return cjkLatinPdfFiles(family, weight, style, request);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const weights = meta.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const s = style === 'italic' && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const slices = await cjkSlices(family, w, s);
  const picked = new Set();
  for (const cp of request?.codePoints ?? []) {
    const slice = cjkSliceFor(slices, cp);
    if (slice) picked.add(slice);
  }
  if (!picked.size) picked.add(slices[0]);
  return Promise.all(slices.filter((slice) => picked.has(slice)).map(async (slice) => {
    const res = await fetch(slice.url);
    if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource file ${slice.url} (${res.status})`);
    return decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer()));
  }));
}

/** A Latin family set next to the CJK faces: its latin file, then its
 *  latin-ext file when the face sets letters only latin-ext has (ō ū in
 *  Hepburn rōmaji, ǎ in pinyin), the file loadFonts adds on screen for
 *  them. Latin comes first: postext-pdf draws a character from the first
 *  file that has it, as the browser takes a character both files hold from
 *  latin. A face Fontsource ships without latin-ext, or whose file does
 *  not come, gets latin alone, and the PDF names the letters it lacks. */
async function cjkLatinPdfFiles(family, weight, style, request) {
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const beyond = [...(request?.codePoints ?? [])].some(cjkLatinExtOnly);
  if (!beyond || !meta?.subsets?.includes('latin-ext')) return fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style);
  const weights = meta.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const s = style === 'italic' && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const url = `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fontsource/${id}@5/files/${id}-latin-ext-${w}-${s}.woff2`;
  const [latin, ext] = await Promise.all([fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style), fetch(url)
    .then(async (res) => (res.ok ? decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer())) : null), () => null)]);
  return ext ? [latin, ext] : latin;
}

/** Whether code point `cp` is in Fontsource's latin-ext file and not in
 *  its latin file: Latin Extended-A and -B, IPA, the spacing modifiers and
 *  Latin Extended Additional (loadFonts's test for latin-ext), less the
 *  few latin holds too (ı Œ œ ʻ ʼ ˆ ˚ ˜). */
function cjkLatinExtOnly(cp) {
  if (!((cp >= 0x100 && cp <= 0x2ff) || (cp >= 0x1e00 && cp <= 0x1eff))) return false;
  return ![0x131, 0x152, 0x153, 0x2bb, 0x2bc, 0x2c6, 0x2da, 0x2dc].includes(cp);
}

/** showPages for a book bound on either edge. A right-bound book (the
 *  document says so: doc.binding is 'right' for page.binding 'right' and
 *  for vertical text) lies on the desk as it opens: page 1 alone on the
 *  left of the spine, then [3 | 2], the spine shade on each page's inner
 *  edge. `binding` ('left' | 'right') overrides the document's. */
function showBook(docs, { binding, ...options } = {}) {
  const count = showPages(docs, options);
  const right = (binding ?? [docs].flat()[0]?.binding) === 'right';
  if (!document.getElementById('pt-kit-cjk')) {
    // The pages keep direction ltr: a canvas draws text in the direction its
    // element inherits, and under rtl each run would end where the engine
    // starts it, its brackets mirrored.
    document.head.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', `<style id="pt-kit-cjk">
      .pt-spread[dir="rtl"] canvas { direction: ltr; }
      .pt-spread[dir="rtl"] figure:first-child canvas { box-shadow: inset 14px 0 14px -14px rgb(0 0 0 / .18),
        0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
    </style>`);
  }
  // Each pair stays [verso, recto] in the page; right to left, the verso
  // sits on the right. Phones stack the pages in reading order either way.
  for (const spread of document.querySelectorAll('#pages > .pt-spread')) spread.dir = right ? 'rtl' : 'ltr';
  document.getElementById('pages').dataset.binding = right ? 'right' : 'left';
  return count;
}

// ─── Kit · arabic v1 ── Arabic-script faces · postext.dev/cookbook
// Fontsource ships an Arabic family as one file per subset and weight: the
// `arabic` file holds the letters, the harakat, the Arabic-Indic digits, the
// Arabic punctuation and the presentation forms; `latin` and `latin-ext`
// hold the rest. loadFonts loads the latin files; this block adds the arabic
// file of every Arabic family, for the canvas and for the PDF, which shapes
// the letters with HarfBuzz from the same bytes.

/** The code points of Fontsource's `arabic` subset, as its stylesheets
 *  declare them (the same unicode-range the browser picks the file by). A
 *  function, not a const: the kit is inlined after the recipe's top-level
 *  awaits, and a const read before its line throws, where a function
 *  declaration is hoisted. */
function arabicRange() {
  return 'U+0600-06FF,U+0750-077F,U+0870-088E,U+0890-0891,U+0897-08E1,U+08E3-08FF,'
    + 'U+200C-200E,U+2010-2011,U+204F,U+2E41,U+FB50-FDFF,U+FE70-FE74,U+FE76-FEFC,U+102E0-102FB,'
    + 'U+10E60-10E7E,U+10EC2-10EC4,U+10EFC-10EFF,U+1EE00-1EEFF';
}

/** Whether code point `cp` is in the arabic file. */
function inArabicRange(cp) {
  inArabicRange.ranges ??= arabicRange().split(',').map((part) => {
    const [lo, hi = lo] = part.slice(2).split('-');
    return [parseInt(lo, 16), parseInt(hi, 16)];
  });
  return inArabicRange.ranges.some(([lo, hi]) => cp >= lo && cp <= hi);
}

/** Whether Fontsource serves `family` with an `arabic` subset. Fails when
 *  the API does not answer: an Arabic face taken for a Latin one would set
 *  its letters in a system face. */
async function isArabicFamily(family) {
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  if (!meta) throw new Error(`api.fontsource.org did not describe ${family}: reload to try again`);
  return !!meta.subsets?.includes('arabic');
}

/** The arabic file of a face. */
function arabicFileUrl(family, weight, style) {
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  return `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fontsource/${id}@5/files/${id}-arabic-${weight}-${style}.woff2`;
}

/** faces = { Amiri: ['400', '700'] }, as for loadFonts, after it: the whole
 *  FONTS object may be passed, its families without an arabic subset are
 *  left alone. Adds the arabic file of every listed weight of each Arabic
 *  family (the latin files come from loadFonts) and loads it. `text` is
 *  the sample: fails when it holds an Arabic-script character the arabic
 *  file does not cover. List every weight the pages set in Arabic: a weight
 *  left to buildWithFonts gets the latin file only, and its Arabic letters
 *  fall back to a system face. Resolves to the number of files loaded. */
async function loadArabicFonts(faces, text = '') {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  let loaded = 0;
  try {
    const outside = [...new Set(text)].filter((ch) => /\p{Script=Arabic}/u.test(ch) && !inArabicRange(ch.codePointAt(0)));
    if (outside.length) throw new Error(`Fontsource's arabic files have no ${outside.slice(0, 12).join(' ')}`);
    for (const [family, specs] of Object.entries(faces)) {
      if (!(await isArabicFamily(family))) continue;
      for (const spec of new Set(specs)) {
        const weight = parseInt(spec, 10);
        const style = spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal';
        const face = new FontFace(family, `url(${arabicFileUrl(family, weight, style)}) format('woff2')`,
          { weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: arabicRange() });
        document.fonts.add(await face.load().catch(() => {
          throw new Error(`Fontsource has no arabic file for ${family} ${weight} ${style}`);
        }));
        loaded++;
      }
    }
  } catch (error) {
    kitFail(error);
    throw error;
  }
  return loaded;
}

/** The PDF font provider for recipes with Arabic faces: a family with an
 *  arabic subset gets its arabic file when its pages set Arabic letters
 *  (`request.codePoints`), then its latin file, and its latin-ext file for
 *  the letters beyond latin (transliteration: ā ḥ ʿ). The arabic file comes
 *  first: it also holds the space and the brackets, so a line of Arabic is
 *  shaped as one run and not cut at every space. Any other family goes to
 *  fontsourceProvider (the "pdf" block). */
async function arabicPdfProvider(family, weight, style, request) {
  if (!(await isArabicFamily(family))) return fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style, request);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const weights = meta.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const s = style === 'italic' && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const wanted = [...(request?.codePoints ?? [])];
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const urls = [];
  if (!wanted.length || wanted.some(inArabicRange)) urls.push(arabicFileUrl(family, w, s));
  urls.push(`https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fontsource/${id}@5/files/${id}-latin-${w}-${s}.woff2`);
  if (meta.subsets.includes('latin-ext') && wanted.some((cp) => /[Ā-˿Ḁ-ỿ]/u.test(String.fromCodePoint(cp)))) {
    urls.push(`https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fontsource/${id}@5/files/${id}-latin-ext-${w}-${s}.woff2`);
  }
  return Promise.all(urls.map(async (url) => {
    const res = await fetch(url);
    if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource file ${url} (${res.status})`);
    return decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer()));
  }));
}

// ─── Kit · comics v1 ── comic pages · postext.dev/cookbook
// The engine letters a comic in a face per language (defaultComicFont:
// Comic Neue, Zen Antique for Japanese, Noto Sans SC, LXGW WenKai TC,
// Playpen Sans Arabic; defaultComicSfxFont: Bangers, Dela Gothic One,
// ZCOOL KuaiLe, Lalezar) and asks for the bold of a shout or a sound effect
// and the italic of an inner voice. Most of these faces ship one weight and
// no italic: this block declares the file Fontsource does ship for those
// variants, so the canvas measures and paints the letters the PDF embeds
// (the providers snap to the shipped file) and not a bold or a slant the
// browser makes up. It also turns the art manifest into panel resources.

/** faces = { 'Comic Neue': ['400', '700'], Bangers: ['400'] }, as for
 *  loadFonts, after it (and after loadCjkFonts or loadArabicFonts for the
 *  faces of those scripts); the whole FONTS object may be passed. List in
 *  FONTS only what Fontsource ships (Bangers: ['400']): loadFonts fails on
 *  the rest. For each family, the regular, bold, italic and bold italic it
 *  lacks are declared with its nearest file (the regular for the bold, the
 *  upright for the italic) and loaded for `text`. A CJK face needs the cjk
 *  block; an Arabic face setting Arabic, the arabic block. Resolves to the
 *  number of variants added. */
async function loadComicFonts(faces, text = '') {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  let added = 0;
  try {
    for (const family of Object.keys(faces)) {
      const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
      if (!meta) throw new Error(`api.fontsource.org did not describe ${family}: reload to try again`);
      const weights = meta.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
      const styles = meta.styles?.length ? meta.styles : ['normal'];
      for (const [weight, style] of [[400, 'normal'], [700, 'normal'], [400, 'italic'], [700, 'italic']]) {
        if ((weights.includes(weight) && styles.includes(style)) || hasFace(family, weight, style)) continue;
        const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
        const s = style === 'italic' && styles.includes('italic') ? 'italic' : 'normal';
        for (const { url, range } of await comicFaceFiles(family, w, s, meta, text)) {
          document.fonts.add(new FontFace(family, `url(${url}) format('woff2')`,
            { weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: range }));
        }
        await document.fonts.load(`${style === 'italic' ? 'italic ' : ''}${weight} 16px "${family}"`, text || 'A');
        added++;
      }
    }
  } catch (error) {
    kitFail(error);
    throw error;
  }
  return added;
}

/** The files of a shipped face ({ url, range }): a CJK face's slices (the
 *  cjk block reads them from its stylesheet), else latin, the latin-ext
 *  and greek files `text` needs, and the arabic file when `text` holds
 *  Arabic. */
async function comicFaceFiles(family, weight, style, meta, text) {
  if (meta.subsets?.some((subset) => /^(chinese|japanese|korean)/.test(subset))) {
    if (typeof cjkSlices !== 'function') throw new Error(`${family} is a CJK face: list the cjk kit block`);
    return (await cjkSlices(family, weight, style)).map(({ url, range }) => ({ url, range }));
  }
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const file = (subset) => `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fontsource/${id}@5/files/${id}-${subset}-${weight}-${style}.woff2`;
  const files = ['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)].map((subset) => ({ url: file(subset), range: comicRange(subset) }));
  if (meta.subsets?.includes('arabic') && /\p{Script=Arabic}/u.test(text)) {
    if (typeof arabicRange !== 'function') throw new Error(`${family} sets Arabic: list the arabic kit block`);
    files.unshift({ url: file('arabic'), range: arabicRange() });
  }
  return files;
}

/** The unicode-range loadFonts gives a Fontsource file. A function, not a
 *  const: the kit is inlined after the recipe's top-level awaits. */
function comicRange(subset) {
  return {
    latin: 'U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,'
      + 'U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD',
    'latin-ext': 'U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,'
      + 'U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF',
    greek: 'U+0370-03FF',
  }[subset];
}

/** The PDF font provider of a comic in any script: a CJK face goes to
 *  cjkPdfProvider, an Arabic face to arabicPdfProvider, any other to
 *  fontsourceProvider (the "pdf" block). Each embeds the shipped weight
 *  and style nearest to the one asked for, the file loadComicFonts
 *  declared for the canvas. */
async function comicPdfProvider(family, weight, style, request) {
  const subsets = (await fontsourceMeta(family))?.subsets ?? [];
  if (subsets.some((subset) => /^(chinese|japanese|korean)/.test(subset))) {
    if (typeof cjkPdfProvider !== 'function') throw new Error(`${family} is a CJK face: list the cjk kit block`);
    return cjkPdfProvider(family, weight, style, request);
  }
  if (subsets.includes('arabic') && typeof arabicPdfProvider === 'function') {
    return arabicPdfProvider(family, weight, style, request);
  }
  return fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style, request);
}

/** A panel picture as a resource for art= (and pop=): loads `url`
 *  (write asset('lh-arrive.jpg') in the call, so the lint checks the file)
 *  and declares it with `meta`, its entry in the art manifest:
 *  { width, height, alt, safeArea, anchors, avoid }. The safe area is what
 *  every crop keeps, the anchors the speakers' mouths, heads and faces,
 *  the avoid zones what no balloon covers; all in fractions of the picture,
 *  the same in every language. Without width and height, the picture's own
 *  size. Needs the images block. Resolves to the resource. */
async function comicPanel(id, url, meta = {}) {
  const fileId = decodeURIComponent(url.split('/').pop());
  await loadImage(fileId, url);
  let { width, height } = meta;
  if (!width || !height) {
    const bitmap = await createImageBitmap(new Blob([imageBytes(fileId)]));
    ({ width, height } = bitmap);
    bitmap.close();
  }
  return {
    id, typeId: meta.typeId ?? 'figure', kind: 'bitmap', createdAt: 0, updatedAt: 0,
    bitmap: { fileId, format: /\.png$/i.test(fileId) ? 'png' : 'jpeg', width, height },
    ...(meta.alt && { altText: meta.alt }),
    ...(meta.safeArea && { safeArea: meta.safeArea }),
    ...(meta.anchors?.length && { anchors: meta.anchors }),
    ...(meta.avoid?.length && { avoid: meta.avoid }),
  };
}

// ─── /Kit ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
```

## よくあるつまずき

- **日本語のテキストのタグは'ja'。zh-HansやLANGにしない.** レシピの版はenとesですが、日本語のサンプルはどちらの版でも日本語です。`locale: LANG`では英語やスペイン語とタグ付けされ、中国語のタグでは中国語の規則で組まれます（開明式の約物、小書きの仮名が行頭に来てもよい、図の代わりに图、PDFでは中国の字形）。'ja'と書いてください。日本の地域（JLReqの改行と約物、ゴマの圏点、ルビの間隔、図と表の表示名）が選ばれ、ハイフネーションが切られます。リントは、zhやkoのタグで仮名を含むテキストをエラーにします。
- **中国語の書体はcjkブロックを通じてスライス単位で読み込む.** Fontsourceは中国語、日本語、韓国語のファミリーを、ウェイトごとに約100個のファイルとして配信し、各ファイルが文字の範囲を受け持ちます。loadFontsが取得するのはlatinファイルだけなので、画面では漢字がシステムの書体で出て計測が狂い、fontsourceProviderはPDFにそのlatinファイルを渡すため、漢字が空の四角で印字されます。キットのcjkブロックを挙げ、loadFontsのあとにloadCjkFonts(FONTS, markdown)を呼び（本で複数のCJK書体を使うときは、それぞれの書体で組むテキストを渡して書体ごとに1回）、renderToPdfにfontProvider: cjkPdfProviderを渡してください。どちらもテキストの文字を含むファイルを取得します。
- **設定はオブジェクトの同一性でキャッシュされる。毎回新しいオブジェクトを作る.** エンジンは解決済みの設定をオブジェクトの同一性でキャッシュします。そのため、設定をその場で書き換えて再ビルドすると前の結果が再利用されます。ビルドのたびに新しいオブジェクトを作ってください。レシピの設定がファクトリー関数config()になっているのはこのためです。
- **レイアウトの前にすべてのフォントを読み込む.** レイアウトはブラウザーが読み込んだフォントで文字を計測し、その幅をキャッシュします。最初のビルドのあとに届いたフォントがあると改行位置が狂い、PDFも画面と一致しなくなります。すべてのウェイトとスタイルを先に読み込み、遅れて届いたときは再ビルドの前にclearMeasurementCache()を呼んでください。

- 小さなコマでは、縦組みのフキダシは幅より先に高さが足りなくなります。エンジンは行数を増やして一行を短くし、言葉の切れ目で改行します。会社員の最後の叫びは日本語では下のコマにそれでも収まらないので、`break`を付けています（`kyaku{shout break}`）。猫たちを隠さず、枠を上のコマへ突き破り、ページの余白へは出ません。
- 大きな描き文字もフキダシと同じく顔を避け、固定する点はコマのセーフエリアの中に置くので、どうトリミングされても残ります。ほかの版の描き文字は`70% 80%`、猫の足の上です。縦組みの「ずしっ」は背が高く、そこでは三毛猫の顔にかかってビルドが`comicBalloonOverflow`を警告したので、日本語版では三毛猫の横の`86% 84%`に置いています。

## クレジット

- レシピ: Ignacio Ferro ([@drnachio](https://github.com/drnachio))
- テキスト: ねこ喫茶まどろみ (Café Doze), two yonkoma strips written for this recipe, with their English, Spanish, Catalan, Chinese and Arabic letterings: Postext Cookbook, CC-BY-4.0
- 画像: Mugi unlocking the cat café's door, three cats waiting inside: Generated With Diffusion Models, オリジナル
- 画像: Mugi setting out food bowls for the cats: Generated With Diffusion Models, オリジナル
- 画像: Three cats eating from one bowl: Generated With Diffusion Models, オリジナル
- 画像: The cats staring at Mugi's toast: Generated With Diffusion Models, オリジナル
- 画像: A tired office worker arriving at the café: Generated With Diffusion Models, オリジナル
- 画像: The three cats asleep on one cushion: Generated With Diffusion Models, オリジナル
- 画像: The office worker opening his laptop: Generated With Diffusion Models, オリジナル
- 画像: The cats sitting on the keyboard, the worker in happy tears: Generated With Diffusion Models, オリジナル
- 書体: Zen Antique (OFL-1.1), Dela Gothic One (OFL-1.1), Comic Neue (OFL-1.1), Bangers (OFL-1.1), Noto Sans SC (OFL-1.1), ZCOOL KuaiLe (OFL-1.1), Playpen Sans Arabic (OFL-1.1), Lalezar (OFL-1.1)
- コード: MIT · サンプルの内容: CC-BY-4.0

## 関連レシピ

- [No. 149 · 右から左へ読む、縦書き写植の漫画](https://postext.dev/ja/cookbook/manga-right-to-left.md): 右から左へ読むように描いた漫画2ページ。artDirection rtlでどの版でもコマの順を保ち、日本語のフキダシは縦の列で組みます。 · 難易度 2 (中級) · 漫画・コミック
- [No. 127 · 文節で分かち書きしたひらがなの絵本](https://postext.dev/ja/cookbook/hiragana-picture-book.md): 文節の間にスペースを入れた（分かち書き）縦組みのひらがな絵本。keep-allで文節をまとめて保ち、行はスペースの位置でだけ折り返します。 · 難易度 2 (中級) · 小説・戯曲・文芸, 写真集
- [No. 153 · 六つの言語で写植した一ページ](https://postext.dev/ja/cookbook/one-page-six-languages.md): コマ割りと絵はそのまま、言語ごとのせりふから写植します。locale が書体を選び、日本語は縦書きで、日本語とアラビア語は右から読みます。 · 難易度 3 (上級) · 漫画・コミック