# 周报中的报告：最早的两篇艾滋病报告 > 把1981年美国疾控中心的两篇报告重排成一份美国信纸开本的周报：报头、带行内标签的病例、Reported by与编者按的段落样式、编号参考文献。 - HTML版本: https://postext.dev/zh/cookbook/outbreak-report-bulletin - 食谱 No. 143 · 完整出版物 · 难度 2 (中级) · 输出: Canvas, PDF - 体裁: 论文与学术出版物, 报告 - 需要 postext ≥ 1.19.0, postext-pdf ≥ 1.19.0 · 已用 1.19.0, postext-pdf 1.19.0 测试，日期 2026-10-06 - 页面: [1](https://postext.dev/cookbook/outbreak-report-bulletin/en/p01.webp?v=6679adff), [2](https://postext.dev/cookbook/outbreak-report-bulletin/en/p02.webp?v=6679adff), [3](https://postext.dev/cookbook/outbreak-report-bulletin/en/p03.webp?v=6679adff), [4](https://postext.dev/cookbook/outbreak-report-bulletin/en/p04.webp?v=6679adff), [5](https://postext.dev/cookbook/outbreak-report-bulletin/en/p05.webp?v=6679adff), [6](https://postext.dev/cookbook/outbreak-report-bulletin/en/p06.webp?v=6679adff) - PDF: https://postext.dev/cookbook/outbreak-report-bulletin/en/outbreak-report-bulletin.pdf?v=6679adff - 在沙盒中打开: https://postext.dev/zh/sandbox#recipe=outbreak-report-bulletin&lang=en (.postext: https://postext.dev/cookbook/outbreak-report-bulletin/en/outbreak-report-bulletin.postext) - 最后更新: 2026-10-06 - 其他语言: [en](https://postext.dev/en/cookbook/outbreak-report-bulletin.md), [es](https://postext.dev/es/cookbook/outbreak-report-bulletin.md), [ca](https://postext.dev/ca/cookbook/outbreak-report-bulletin.md), [ja](https://postext.dev/ja/cookbook/outbreak-report-bulletin.md), [ar](https://postext.dev/ar/cookbook/outbreak-report-bulletin.md) ## 简单来说 一份1981年的公共卫生周报，用信纸开本重新排版。报告里每一种段落（病例、报告医生名单、编者的评论）都有自己的样子，参考文献自动编号。 ## 成品一览 六页美国信纸开本的流行病学周报，重印美国疾病控制中心（CDC）首次描述后来被称为艾滋病的两篇报告：洛杉矶的五例*Pneumocystis*肺炎（1981年6月5日），以及随后的卡波西肉瘤病例（1981年7月3日）。报头是原创设计，借鉴那个年代政府公报的风格：一条蓝色色带，压缩无衬线体的刊名，下面是两栏Plex Serif正文。报告里的每一种声音都有自己的样式：病例在粗体编号标签之下，*Reported by*一行用小号斜体，还有*Editorial Note*（编者按）、括号中的引用序号和编号的文献表。正文、参考文献和表格都按CDC当年的印本；时间线和第2页的病例表由编者添加。 **这份食谱回答的问题:** - 怎样排周报中的报告，包括病例、编者按和编号参考文献？ - 怎样按APA、IEEE或其他引用样式引用文献并生成参考文献表？ - 怎样做一个有表头行、合并单元格、栏宽和逐格对齐的表？ - 怎样用Postext重新排版arXiv或PubMed Central上的开放获取论文，并保留引用、图和许可声明？ ## 简短回答 ```js // script.js, 行 83–103 // :::paragraphs{style="…"} wraps the blocks of each voice; **Patient 1:** is a run-in label. const voice = (id, family, size, lead, extra) => ({ id, fontFamily: family, fontSize: pt(size), lineHeight: pt(lead), color: col('ink'), boldColor: col('ink'), ...extra }); const aside = { textAlign: 'left', firstLineIndent: pt(0), snapToGrid: false }; const paragraphStyles = [ // Case histories and the Editorial Note: the body texture, bold labels in the accent. voice('case', TEXT, 9.5, LEAD, { boldColor: col('accent'), boldFontWeight: 600 }), voice('editorial', TEXT, 9.5, LEAD, { boldColor: col('accent'), boldFontWeight: 600 }), // "Reported by …": the authors' line, italic small type in the condensed sans, off the grid. voice('reported', LABEL, 7.8, 10.2, { ...aside, italic: true, color: col('muted'), hyphenation: false, marginTop: pt(4), marginBottom: pt(6) }), // A line the reprint adds, in the label face and the accent: never taken for 1981 text. voice('editor', LABEL, 8, 10.6, { ...aside, italic: true, color: col('accent'), marginTop: pt(3), marginBottom: pt(5) }), voice('colophon', LABEL, 7.4, 9.6, { ...aside, color: col('muted'), marginTop: pt(LEAD) }), ]; // MMWR cited (1) in citation order, and each report (its H1 is a chapter) counted from 1. registerCitationEngine(createCiteprocEngine({ styles: STYLES, locales: LOCALES })); const citations = { style: 'american-medical-association', marker: 'parentheses', numbering: 'chapter', bibliography: { scope: 'chapter', fontSize: em(0.86), lineHeight: pt(10.6), entrySpacing: pt(1.5), labelAlign: 'right' } }; ``` ## 用料 **讲解** - [段落样式](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#段落样式): 为与正文区分的连续段落设置的命名样式：诗歌、题词、献辞、签名、小字。 - [设计过的章首页](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#通栏与高级设计): 用文字、线条、框和图片自由组合绘制的标题，在正文上方留出所需的高度。 - [由参考文献数据生成的文献表](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/document-format.md#引用与参考文献): 根据文档中的参考文献数据（front matter或BibTeX块）生成的所引文献列表，放在:::bibliography处或最后一章之后。 **还用到** - [按引用样式排的引用](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/document-format.md#引用与参考文献) - [脚注](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/document-format.md#脚注) - [表格样式](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#表格样式) - [自定义资源类型](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#资源类型) - [题注样式](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#题注样式) - [图的放置](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/document-format.md#位置) - [书眉与页码](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#页眉与页脚) - [按页面角色显示书眉](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#文本元素) - [标题样式](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#标题样式) - [标题属性](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/document-format.md#标题属性) - [单栏或双栏](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#版式类型) - [成品尺寸](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#页面尺寸预设) - [语义调色板](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#调色板) - [导出PDF](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#生成pdf) - [决定图位置的引用](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/document-format.md#行内引用主要写法) - [图就放在这里](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/document-format.md#块级嵌入可选显式的行内放置) - [用你的语言显示“图”和“表”](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#资源类型) - [嵌入PDF的字体](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#为什么需要字体提供函数) - [作为资源的图和表](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/document-format.md#资源) - [分节版式](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#标题样式) - [由数据生成的表](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/document-format.md#块级嵌入可选显式的行内放置) - [命名表格样式](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#命名表格样式) **配置一览** - [`bodyText`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#正文), [`captionStyle`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#题注样式), [`citations`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#引用), [`colorPalette`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#调色板), [`footer`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#页眉与页脚), `footnotes`, [`header`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#页眉与页脚), [`headingStyles`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#标题样式), [`headings`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#标题), [`layout`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#版式), [`locale`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#断词), [`page`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#页面), [`paragraphStyles`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#段落样式), [`resourceTypes`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#资源类型), [`tableStyle`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#表格样式), [`tableStyles`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#命名表格样式) **API** - [`LOCALES`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/document-format.md#引用与参考文献), [`STYLES`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/document-format.md#引用与参考文献), [`buildDocument`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#构建文档), [`clearMeasurementCache`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#测量缓存), [`createCiteprocEngine`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/document-format.md#引用与参考文献), [`decompressWoff2`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#浏览器字体提供函数fontsource--woff2), [`defaultResourceTypes`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#资源类型), [`mergeCells`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/document-format.md#块级嵌入可选显式的行内放置), [`parseTSV`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/document-format.md#块级嵌入可选显式的行内放置), [`registerCitationEngine`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/document-format.md#引用与参考文献), [`registerResourceImage`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/architecture.md#api接口), [`renderPageToCanvas`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#把页面渲染为位图), [`renderToPdf`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#生成pdf) **字体** - IBM Plex Serif (OFL-1.1), Libre Franklin (OFL-1.1), IBM Plex Sans Condensed (OFL-1.1) ## 做法 ### 1 · 每种声音一个段落样式 代码就是上面的[简短回答](#简短回答)。周报中的报告有几种语域：病例、报告人名单和编者的评论。用`:::paragraphs{style="…"}`把每一段包起来，就能在不改动文字的情况下给它一种外观：*Reported by*一行缩到7.8 pt的压缩斜体，脱离基线网格；病例则保持正文的质感，`**Patient 1:**`标签用强调色。引用写作`[@walzer1974]`；`american-medical-association`加上`marker: 'parentheses'`把它们印成(1)，并按引用顺序排列文献表，与周报当年一致；`numbering: 'chapter'`让每篇报告的引用从1开始编号，`scope: 'chapter'`在每篇报告下放一份使用同样编号的文献表。 ### 2 · 开启第一篇报告的报头 ```js // script.js, 行 36–66 // Kicker and dateline are attributes of each report's H1; {titleText} read with inlineMarks // keeps the italic genus. The July report opens where June ends, under a double rule. const reportHead = (y, size) => [ text('kicker', '{attr.kicker}', LABEL, 8.5, { ...caps(8.5), color: col('accent'), placement: at('container', 'top-left', 0, y, MEASURE) }), text('title', '{titleText}', DISPLAY, size, { fontWeight: 800, lineHeight: 1.08, inlineMarks: true, placement: at('#kicker', 'below', 0, 2.2, MEASURE) }), text('dateline', '{attr.dateline}', LABEL, 9, { fontStyle: 'italic', color: col('muted'), placement: at('#title', 'below', 0, 2, MEASURE) }), ]; const masthead = { enabled: true, minHeight: mm(72), slot: { elements: [ { kind: 'box', id: 'band', style: { backgroundColor: col('accent') }, placement: { anchor: { to: 'page', edge: 'top-left' }, size: { width: 'fill', height: mm(49) } } }, text('series', 'A reprint series in public health history', LABEL, 8, { ...caps(8), color: col('paper'), placement: at('page', 'top-left', SIDE, 11, 120) }), text('number', 'Reprint No. 1', LABEL, 8, { ...caps(8), color: col('paper'), align: 'right', placement: at('page', 'top-right', -SIDE, 11, 50) }), text('wordmark', 'Surveillance Notes', DISPLAY, 50, { fontWeight: 800, color: col('paper'), letterSpacing: pt(-1), lineHeight: 1, placement: at('page', 'top-left', SIDE - 1, 18) }), text('issue', 'Two reports of June 5 and July 3, 1981: the first published accounts of ' + 'what became known as AIDS, as the Centers for Disease Control printed them', TEXT, 9.5, { fontStyle: 'italic', lineHeight: 1.3, placement: at('container', 'top-left', 0, 29, 92) }), text('contents', '**1** *Pneumocystis* Pneumonia — Los Angeles\n**3** Kaposi’s Sarcoma ' + 'and *Pneumocystis* Pneumonia Among Homosexual Men — New York City and California\n' + '**6** Notifiable diseases, week ending June 27, 1981', LABEL, 8, { inlineMarks: true, lineHeight: 1.3, boldColor: col('accent'), placement: at('container', 'top-right', 0, 29, 76), align: 'left' }), rule('rule-a', 46.5, 2), rule('rule-b', 48, 0.5), ...reportHead(52, 23), ] } }; const opener = { enabled: true, minHeight: mm(26), slot: { elements: [rule('rule-a', 0, 2), rule('rule-b', 1.5, 0.5), ...reportHead(5, 18)] } }; ``` 报头是第一篇报告标题样式的设计，所以只在第1页出现一次，书眉跳过这一页（`pages: 'body'`）。眉题和日期行来自每篇报告H1的属性，标题则是`{titleText}`：文本元素设了`inlineMarks: true`，就保留标题中属名的斜体。7月的报告在一条双线下用同样的三个元素开头。它的标题样式以`spanBreak: false`横跨整页，所以标题从6月报告结束的地方开始：上方各栏底部齐平，下方正文在两栏中继续，就像周报把一篇报告接在另一篇之后那样。 ### 3 · 由制表符分隔文本生成的三张表 ```js // script.js, 行 437–470 const NUMBER = /^[\d,.()% –]*$/; // a column of counts aligns right, its heading centred const table = (tsv, headerRows, columnWidths) => { const model = parseTSV(tsv, { headerRows }); const numeric = model.rows[0].map((_, c) => model.rows.slice(headerRows) .every((row) => NUMBER.test(row[c].content))); return { ...model, columnWidths, rows: model.rows.map((cells, r) => cells.map((cell, c) => (numeric[c] ? { ...cell, align: r < headerRows ? 'center' : 'right' } : cell))) }; }; // Two header rows, as the weekly printed them: "25th week ending" spans two columns. const notifiable = [[0, 0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0, 2], [0, 3, 1, 3], [0, 4, 0, 6]] .reduce((m, [r1, c1, r2, c2]) => mergeCells(m, { start: { row: r1, col: c1 }, end: { row: r2, col: c2 } }), table(NOTIFIABLE, 2, [3.6, 1, 1, 1, 1.1, 1.1, 1.1])); const added = 'Compiled for this reprint from the case reports; not part of the 1981 report.'; const res = (id, typeId, kind, placement, more) => ({ id, typeId, kind, placement, createdAt: 0, updatedAt: 0, ...more }); const resources = [ res('fig-timeline', 'figure', 'svg', { position: 'bottom', span: 'page' }, { svg: { fileId: 'timeline.svg', width: 1780, height: 490 }, caption: 'The five patients, September 1980 to May 1981, by month. The illness before ' + 'the pneumonia is counted back from the month of diagnosis, as each report gives it.', note: `Drawn by the editors. ${added}`, altText: 'A timeline of five rows, one per patient: Pneumocystis pneumonia diagnosed ' + 'between February and April 1981, two deaths in March and May.' }), res('tbl-cases', 'table', 'table', { position: 'top', span: 'page' }, { caption: 'The five case reports at a glance.', note: added, table: { model: table(CASES, 1, [0.7, 0.45, 1, 2.2, 2.4, 1.5]) } }), res('tbl-complaints', 'table', 'table', { position: 'bottom' }, { caption: 'Presenting complaints in 20 patients with Kaposi’s sarcoma', table: { model: table(COMPLAINTS, 1, [2, 1.15]) } }), res('tbl-notifiable', 'table', 'table', { position: 'here' }, { caption: 'Summary — cases of specified notifiable diseases, United States', note: 'Cumulative totals include revised and delayed reports through previous weeks.', table: { model: notifiable, styleId: 'weekly' } }), ]; ``` 每张表都是一个内容槽，里面是制表符分隔的文本，也就是电子表格复制出来的格式，`parseTSV`把它变成表格模型。数字列右对齐，列标题居中；四次`mergeCells`调用构成法定报告传染病汇总表的两行表头。表格类型在每个H1处重新计数（`resetOn: 'h1'`），所以每篇报告都有自己的表1，和1981年一样。 ### 4 · 一种蓝色，处处关联 ```js // script.js, 行 15–19 const palette = { ink: '#1c1f24', accent: '#1f3f74', tint: '#e6eaf1', rule: '#a7b1c2', muted: '#566070', paper: '#ffffff' }; const col = (id) => ({ hex: palette[id], model: 'hex', paletteId: id }); const colorPalette = Object.entries({ ...palette, 'main-color': palette.accent }) .map(([id, hex]) => ({ id, name: id, value: { hex, model: 'hex' } })); ``` 色带、标签、页码、表头和图表都引用同一个调色板条目：把`accent`换成自己周报的颜色，六页一次全部改色。 ## 完整食谱 一个文件，由食谱文件夹合成，示例文本和排版食谱的公共工具包都已内联；它自己排出页面。要运行它，把它放进空白页面的`