# 一页并排两篇四格漫画

> 一页四格漫画：两列各四格，先读右边一篇，每篇的标题放在第一格的黑色方框里。

- HTML版本: https://postext.dev/zh/cookbook/yonkoma
- 食谱 No. 151 · 漫画与连环画 · 难度 2 (中级) · 输出: Canvas, PDF
- 体裁: 漫画
- 需要 postext ≥ 1.21.0, postext-pdf ≥ 1.21.0 · 已用 1.21.0, postext-pdf 1.21.0 测试，日期 2026-10-07
- 页面: [1](https://postext.dev/cookbook/yonkoma/zh/p01.webp?v=20d55943), [1](https://postext.dev/cookbook/yonkoma/zh/p02.webp?v=20d55943)
- PDF: https://postext.dev/cookbook/yonkoma/zh/yonkoma.pdf?v=20d55943
- 在沙盒中打开: https://postext.dev/zh/sandbox#recipe=yonkoma&lang=zh (.postext: https://postext.dev/cookbook/yonkoma/zh/yonkoma.postext)
- 最后更新: 2026-10-07
- 其他语言: [en](https://postext.dev/en/cookbook/yonkoma.md), [es](https://postext.dev/es/cookbook/yonkoma.md), [ca](https://postext.dev/ca/cookbook/yonkoma.md), [pt](https://postext.dev/pt/cookbook/yonkoma.md), [ja](https://postext.dev/ja/cookbook/yonkoma.md), [ar](https://postext.dev/ar/cookbook/yonkoma.md)

## 简单来说

像漫画杂志那样，把两篇由四个格子组成的小漫画并排放在一页上：先从上到下读右边那篇，再读左边那篇。

## 成品一览

这是为本示例编写、用柔和的Q版画风绘制的四格漫画集《ねこ喫茶まどろみ》（打盹猫咖）中的一页：麦经营一家猫咖，店里有一只白猫、一只黑猫和一只三花猫。四格漫画就像把报纸上的连环漫画竖起来：四个一样大的格子从上往下叠，起、承、转、合。杂志一页并排放两篇，因为书从右边翻开，所以先读右边那篇。页面是A5，148 × 210 mm，跨页一边是日文原版，另一边是本页语言的版本（日文页上是英文版）。

**这份食谱回答的问题:**

- 怎样把两篇四格漫画并排放在一页，先读右边那篇？

## 简短回答

```js
// script.js, 行 44–62
// content.<lang>.md splits the page `* [* / * / * / *] | * [* / * / * / *]`: two equal
// columns, each cut into four equal panels. The reading direction lays the first column
// out on the right, so the strip that opens the page is the right-hand one, as in a
// yonkoma magazine, and each strip still reads top to bottom. The gutter between the
// strips is wider than the gutters between their panels, so the eye drops down a strip
// before it crosses to the next.
const comics = (lang) => ({
  artDirection: 'rtl', // the right strip first, in every edition
  mirrorArt: false,
  gutter: { horizontal: mm(3), vertical: mm(9) }, // 3 mm between panels, 9 mm between strips
  panel: { borderWidth: pt(0.9), borderColor: col('ink'), background: col('paper') },
  lettering: {
    fontFamily: EDITIONS[lang].faces[0], color: col('ink'),
    fontSize: pt(['ja', 'zh'].includes(lang) ? 8 : 7), // a yonkoma letters smaller than a story
    writingMode: lang === 'zh' ? 'vertical' : 'auto',
    maxColumnChars: 6, // short columns: a yonkoma panel is wider than it is tall
  },
  balloonStyles: balloons(),
});
```

## 用料

**讲解**

- [分格](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/comics.md#分割页面): split=用一个简短的表达式把页面切成格：用/上下叠放各层，用|左右并排，尺寸用百分比，30~40表示倾斜的格间距，方括号把一格再切开。
- [阅读方向与日本漫画的顺序](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/comics.md#阅读方向): 各格按阅读顺序填入格子：从左到右；日本漫画和从右往左书写的语言则从右到左；comics.artDirection和mirrorArt决定何时把画面左右翻转以与之相配。

**还用到**

- [竖排](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#竖排)
- [中日韩字体](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#中文日文和韩文字体)
- [格框与格间距](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/comics.md#分格与画面)
- [格内画面与裁切](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/comics.md#分格与画面)
- [多语言重新嵌字](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/comics.md#嵌字)
- [说话人与锚点](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/comics.md#说话人与锚点)
- [漫画页](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/comics.md#漫画页)
- [漫画嵌字](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/comics.md#嵌字)
- [对话框样式](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/comics.md#对话框样式)
- [拟声字](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/comics.md#对话框样式)
- [右翻书](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#装订)
- [语义调色板](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#调色板)
- [在Canvas上绘制页面](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#把页面渲染为位图)
- [导出PDF](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#生成pdf)
- [中文断行](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#东亚排版)
- [纸张颜色](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#页面)
- [嵌入PDF的字体](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#为什么需要字体提供函数)
- [作为资源的图和表](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/document-format.md#资源)

**配置一览**

- [`bodyText`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#正文), [`colorPalette`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#调色板), [`comics`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/comics.md#漫画页), [`footer`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#页眉与页脚), [`header`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#页眉与页脚), [`headings`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#标题), [`locale`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#断词), [`page`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#页面)

**API**

- [`buildDocument`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#构建文档), [`clearMeasurementCache`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#测量缓存), [`decompressWoff2`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#浏览器字体提供函数fontsource--woff2), `loadVerticalAlternates`, [`registerResourceImage`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/architecture.md#api接口), [`renderPageToCanvas`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#把页面渲染为位图), [`renderToPdf`](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/configuration.md#生成pdf)

**字体**

- Zen Antique (OFL-1.1), Dela Gothic One (OFL-1.1), Comic Neue (OFL-1.1), Bangers (OFL-1.1), Noto Sans SC (OFL-1.1), ZCOOL KuaiLe (OFL-1.1), Playpen Sans Arabic (OFL-1.1), Lalezar (OFL-1.1)

## 做法

### 1 · 把页面分成两列，每列四格

代码见上方的[简短回答](https://postext.dev/zh/cookbook/yonkoma.md#简短回答)。整页是一个`:::page`，分格写作`split="* [* / * / * / *] | * [* / * / * / *]"`：两列等宽，每列切成四层等高。八行`::panel`按阅读顺序填入格子，所以前四格属于第一篇；从右往左读时，第一列排在右边（[分格](https://postext.dev/zh/docs/comics.md#分割页面)）。两篇之间的格间是9 mm，格子之间是3 mm，视线会先把一篇读到底再转到下一篇。

### 2 · 每篇的标题放在第一格

```js
// script.js, 行 66–73
const balloons = () => [
  { id: 'speech', fill: col('paper'), stroke: col('ink'), strokeWidth: pt(0.6), roundness: 2.4 },
  { id: 'shout', fill: col('paper'), stroke: col('ink'), burstPoints: 16 },
  // caption{title}: the strip's title, white on black in the first panel's corner
  { id: 'title', shape: 'rectangle', fill: col('ink'), stroke: col('ink'), color: col('paper'),
    bold: true, tail: 'none', position: 'top-start', butt: true, align: 'center' },
  { id: 'sfx', color: col('ink'), haloColor: col('paper'), fontScale: 1.8 }, // chibi: small effects
];
```

四格漫画有标题，漫画集会把它印在每篇开头的方框里。这里标题也是脚本中的一行（`caption{title}: 朝ごはん`），`title`是一个单独的对话框样式：黑底白字，紧贴格子起始一侧的上角，在这本书里就是右上角。它和其他行一样按版本嵌字，所以英文页的同一个方框里写着*Breakfast*和*Therapy*。

### 3 · 猫也标成说话人

```js
// script.js, 行 206–320
const cat = (id, x, y, fx, fy, w = 0.12, h = 0.15) => ({ id, x, y,
  face: { x: fx, y: fy, width: w, height: h } });
const nose = (id, x, y) => ({ id, x, y, head: { x, y: y - 0.04 } }); // cats asleep or eating
const ART = { // fractions of the picture: the same in every language
  door: {
    alt: t({ en: "Mugi unlocks the café's glass door; the white, black and calico cats wait.",
      es: 'Mugi abre la puerta de cristal del café; dentro esperan los tres gatos.',
      ca: 'La Mugi obre la porta de vidre del cafè; a dins esperen els tres gats.',
      zh: '麦打开猫咖的玻璃门，三只猫在里面等着。',
      ar: 'موغي تفتح باب المقهى الزجاجي، والقطط الثلاث تنتظر في الداخل.',
      ja: '猫カフェのガラス戸を開けるむぎ。中で3匹の猫が待っている。',
      pt: 'Mugi abre a porta de vidro do café; lá dentro, os três gatos esperam.' }),
  safeArea: { x: 0.09, y: 0.19, width: 0.81, height: 0.52 },
  anchors: [{ id: 'mugi', x: 0.205, y: 0.385, head: { x: 0.17, y: 0.25 },
    face: { x: 0.1, y: 0.2, width: 0.2, height: 0.23 } },
  cat('shiro', 0.5, 0.66, 0.44, 0.55, 0.13), cat('kuro', 0.66, 0.62, 0.61, 0.52, 0.12, 0.14),
  cat('mike', 0.83, 0.645, 0.77, 0.53, 0.12, 0.16)] },
  bowls: {
    alt: t({ en: 'Mugi sets out full food bowls in front of the three cats.',
      es: 'Mugi pone cuencos llenos delante de los tres gatos.',
      ca: 'La Mugi posa bols plens de menjar davant dels tres gats.',
      zh: '麦把装满猫粮的碗摆在三只猫面前。',
      ar: 'موغي تضع صحون طعام ممتلئة أمام القطط الثلاث.',
      ja: '3匹の猫の前に、ご飯を盛った器を並べるむぎ。',
      pt: 'Mugi põe tigelas cheias de comida na frente dos três gatos.' }),
  safeArea: { x: 0.16, y: 0.26, width: 0.74, height: 0.65 },
  anchors: [{ id: 'mugi', x: 0.27, y: 0.465, head: { x: 0.25, y: 0.3 },
    face: { x: 0.17, y: 0.26, width: 0.16, height: 0.24 } },
  cat('shiro', 0.37, 0.63, 0.31, 0.52, 0.13, 0.16), cat('kuro', 0.6, 0.64, 0.55, 0.52, 0.11, 0.16),
  cat('mike', 0.82, 0.62, 0.76, 0.52, 0.12, 0.14)] },
  onebowl: {
    alt: t({ en: 'All three cats push their heads into the same bowl; the others stay full.',
      es: 'Los tres gatos meten la cabeza en el mismo cuenco; los otros siguen llenos.',
      ca: 'Els tres gats fiquen el cap al mateix bol; els altres continuen plens.',
      zh: '三只猫把头挤进同一个碗里，另外两个碗还满着。',
      ar: 'القطط الثلاث تدسّ رؤوسها في الصحن نفسه، والصحنان الآخران ممتلئان.',
      ja: '3匹そろって同じ器に頭を突っこみ、ほかの器は手つかず。',
      pt: 'Os três gatos enfiam a cabeça na mesma tigela; as outras continuam cheias.' }),
  safeArea: { x: 0.05, y: 0.27, width: 0.88, height: 0.66 },
  anchors: [nose('shiro', 0.33, 0.66), nose('kuro', 0.5, 0.6), nose('mike', 0.66, 0.68),
    { id: 'sfx', x: 0.5, y: 0.3 }] },
  toast: {
    alt: t({ en: 'Mugi bites her toast while the three cats stare at it with shining eyes.',
      es: 'Mugi muerde su tostada mientras los tres gatos la miran con ojos brillantes.',
      ca: 'La Mugi mossega la torrada mentre els tres gats la miren amb ulls brillants.',
      zh: '麦咬着吐司，三只猫眼睛发亮地盯着。',
      ar: 'موغي تقضم خبزها المحمّص والقطط الثلاث تحدّق فيه بعيون لامعة.',
      ja: 'トーストをかじるむぎを、3匹がきらきらした目で見つめる。',
      pt: 'Mugi morde a torrada enquanto os três gatos olham para ela com olhos brilhando.' }),
  safeArea: { x: 0.09, y: 0.22, width: 0.85, height: 0.56 },
  avoid: [{ x: 0.6, y: 0.52, width: 0.15, height: 0.1 }],
  anchors: [{ id: 'mugi', x: 0.8, y: 0.5, head: { x: 0.85, y: 0.32 },
    face: { x: 0.75, y: 0.25, width: 0.2, height: 0.33 } },
  cat('shiro', 0.17, 0.71, 0.1, 0.6, 0.14, 0.16), cat('kuro', 0.32, 0.73, 0.26, 0.62, 0.12, 0.14),
  cat('mike', 0.46, 0.66, 0.4, 0.56, 0.12, 0.14)] },
  guest: {
    alt: t({ en: 'A tired office worker walks in, arms out; Mugi greets him from the counter.',
      es: 'Un oficinista cansado entra con los brazos abiertos; Mugi lo saluda desde la barra.',
      ca: 'Un oficinista cansat entra amb els braços oberts; la Mugi el saluda des de la barra.',
      zh: '一个疲惫的上班族张着双臂走进来，麦在柜台后招呼他。',
      ar: 'موظف متعب يدخل فاتحًا ذراعيه، وموغي ترحّب به من خلف المنضدة.',
      ja: '両手を広げて入ってくる疲れた会社員と、カウンターから迎えるむぎ。',
      pt: 'Um funcionário de escritório cansado entra de braços abertos; Mugi o recebe do '
        + 'balcão.' }),
  safeArea: { x: 0.13, y: 0.14, width: 0.74, height: 0.51 },
  anchors: [{ id: 'kyaku', x: 0.31, y: 0.42, head: { x: 0.28, y: 0.3 },
    face: { x: 0.19, y: 0.22, width: 0.21, height: 0.26 } },
  { id: 'mugi', x: 0.76, y: 0.39, head: { x: 0.76, y: 0.28 },
    face: { x: 0.68, y: 0.2, width: 0.18, height: 0.25 } }] },
  nap: {
    alt: t({ en: 'The three cats asleep in one pile on a round cushion.',
      es: 'Los tres gatos dormidos en un montón sobre un cojín redondo.',
      ca: 'Els tres gats adormits en un munt sobre un coixí rodó.',
      zh: '三只猫挤成一团睡在圆垫子上。',
      ar: 'القطط الثلاث نائمة كومةً واحدة على وسادة مستديرة.',
      ja: '丸いクッションの上で、ひとかたまりになって眠る3匹。',
      pt: 'Os três gatos dormem amontoados numa almofada redonda.' }),
  safeArea: { x: 0.27, y: 0.21, width: 0.52, height: 0.55 },
  anchors: [nose('shiro', 0.4, 0.42), nose('kuro', 0.41, 0.7), nose('mike', 0.72, 0.58),
    { id: 'sfx', x: 0.3, y: 0.25 }] },
  laptop: {
    alt: t({ en: 'The office worker sighs at a café table and opens his laptop.',
      es: 'El oficinista suspira en una mesa del café y abre el portátil.',
      ca: 'L’oficinista sospira en una taula del cafè i obre el portàtil.',
      zh: '上班族在咖啡桌前叹了口气，打开笔记本电脑。',
      ar: 'الموظف يتنهّد إلى طاولة في المقهى ويفتح حاسوبه.',
      ja: 'カフェのテーブルでため息をつき、ノートパソコンを開く会社員。',
      pt: 'O funcionário suspira numa mesa do café e abre o notebook.' }),
  safeArea: { x: 0.22, y: 0.25, width: 0.56, height: 0.55 },
  anchors: [{ id: 'kyaku', x: 0.45, y: 0.62, head: { x: 0.39, y: 0.4 },
    face: { x: 0.3, y: 0.3, width: 0.22, height: 0.38 } }] },
  keyboard: {
    alt: t({ en: 'The three cats sit on the keyboard; the worker cries tears of joy.',
      es: 'Los tres gatos se sientan en el teclado; el oficinista llora de alegría.',
      ca: 'Els tres gats seuen damunt del teclat; l’oficinista plora d’alegria.',
      zh: '三只猫坐在键盘上，上班族喜极而泣。',
      ar: 'القطط الثلاث تجلس على لوحة المفاتيح، والموظف يبكي من الفرح.',
      ja: 'キーボードの上に座る3匹と、うれし泣きする会社員。',
      pt: 'Os três gatos sentam no teclado; o funcionário chora de alegria.' }),
  safeArea: { x: 0.07, y: 0.1, width: 0.81, height: 0.78 },
  anchors: [{ id: 'kyaku', x: 0.29, y: 0.42, head: { x: 0.25, y: 0.2 },
    face: { x: 0.15, y: 0.1, width: 0.27, height: 0.4 } },
  cat('shiro', 0.42, 0.57, 0.36, 0.48, 0.13, 0.14), cat('kuro', 0.59, 0.6, 0.53, 0.5, 0.12, 0.14),
  cat('mike', 0.74, 0.62, 0.68, 0.52, 0.12, 0.14)] },
};
const panels = () => Promise.all([
  comicPanel('door', asset('neko-door.jpg'), ART.door),
  comicPanel('bowls', asset('neko-bowls.jpg'), ART.bowls),
  comicPanel('onebowl', asset('neko-onebowl.jpg'), ART.onebowl),
  comicPanel('toast', asset('neko-toast.jpg'), ART.toast),
  comicPanel('guest', asset('neko-guest.jpg'), ART.guest),
  comicPanel('nap', asset('neko-nap.jpg'), ART.nap),
  comicPanel('laptop', asset('neko-laptop.jpg'), ART.laptop),
  comicPanel('keyboard', asset('neko-keyboard.jpg'), ART.keyboard),
]);
```

猫也会说话（`kuro: にゃ`），所以每幅画像标出麦的嘴和脸那样标出猫的。两个小函数让列表更短：面向读者的猫用`cat()`，脸埋在碗里或垫子里的猫用`nose()`。第三格里麦不在画面中，她那一行`mugi{tail=top}`的尾巴指向格子的上边。

### 4 · 用各版本自己的文字载入字体

```js
// script.js, 行 324–336
const SFX = /^sfx[^:：\n]*[:：](.*)$/gm; // sound-effect lines: the second face sets them
async function loadEdition(lang) {
  const text = TEXT[lang];
  const [face, sfx] = EDITIONS[lang].faces;
  const faces = { [face]: FONTS[face], [sfx]: FONTS[sfx] };
  if (['ja', 'zh'].includes(lang)) { // CJK: only the files that hold these characters
    const effects = [...text.matchAll(SFX)].map((m) => m[1]).join('');
    await loadCjkFonts({ [face]: FONTS[face] }, text.replace(SFX, ''), { vertical: true });
    await loadCjkFonts({ [sfx]: FONTS[sfx] }, effects, { vertical: true });
  }
  if (lang === 'ar') await loadArabicFonts(faces, text);
  await loadComicFonts(faces, text); // the bold and italic the faces do not ship
}
```

每种字体只拿到它要排的文字：Zen Antique排对话框，Dela Gothic One排拟声字（ガツガツ、じーっ、すやぁ、ずしっ）。四格漫画的格子宽大于高，所以日文竖列六个字就换列（`maxColumnChars: 6`），嵌字也比故事漫画的页面小半磅。

### 5 · 把原版放在每个版本旁边

```js
// script.js, 行 341–350
const FACING = LANG === 'ja' ? 'en' : LANG; // Japanese readers see the English edition
const TEXT = { ja: original, [FACING]: LANG === 'ja' ? english : markdown };
await loadFonts(FONTS, Object.values(TEXT).join('\n'));
const resources = await panels();
const build = async (lang) => { // the same pictures and page; this language's lettering
  await loadEdition(lang);
  return buildWithFonts(() => buildDocument({ markdown: TEXT[lang], resources,
    continuation: { pageIndexOffset: lang === 'ja' ? 1 : 2 } }, edition(lang)), TEXT[lang]);
};
const docs = [await build('ja'), await build(FACING)];
```

本站的每种语言都在自己的文件里为这两篇嵌字，与跨页另一边的日文原版相对；日文页对着英文版。无论哪种语言，都先读右边那篇。

## 完整食谱

一个文件，由食谱文件夹合成，示例文本和排版食谱的公共工具包都已内联；它自己排出页面。要运行它，把它放进空白页面的`<script type="module">`，或粘贴到新建CodePen的JS面板里（设为模块）。它从esm.sh导入postext，不需要安装或构建。

- 食谱文件夹: https://github.com/drnachio/postext/tree/main/cookbook/yonkoma

### script.js

```js
// ═══ Postext Cookbook · Nº 151 · Two yonkoma strips on a page ═════════════════════════
// https://postext.dev/en/cookbook/yonkoma
// Code: MIT · Story: written for the recipe (CC BY 4.0) · Pictures: generated with diffusion models
// Fonts: Zen Antique, Comic Neue and six more (SIL OFL 1.1) · Needs postext ≥ 1.21.0
// A page of a cat-café yonkoma: two four-panel strips side by side, the right one first.
import {
  buildDocument, renderPageToCanvas, clearMeasurementCache, registerResourceImage,
  loadVerticalAlternates,
} from 'https://esm.sh/postext';
import { renderToPdf, decompressWoff2 } from 'https://esm.sh/postext-pdf';

const LANG = 'zh'; // @lang: this edition's language; the Japanese original faces it
const RECIPE = 'yonkoma';

// ─── 1 · Design ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// #region palette: black ink on a warm white, one screen-tone grey
const palette = {
  ink: '#151413', // panel borders, balloon outlines, the lettering
  paper: '#fdfcf9', // the page and the balloons
  tone: '#e8e6e1', // the inner-voice box, a light screen tone
  muted: '#6f6b64',
  accent: '#a8322b', // the cover red (the Folio case in recipe.json)
};
const col = (id) => ({ hex: palette[id], model: 'hex', paletteId: id });
const colorPalette = [
  ...Object.entries(palette).map(([id, hex]) => ({ id, name: id, value: { hex, model: 'hex' } })),
  { id: 'main-color', name: 'ink (defaults)', value: { hex: palette.ink, model: 'hex' } },
];
// #endregion

// The engine's lettering and sound-effect faces per language (defaultComicFont and
// defaultComicSfxFont), written out so FONTS and the PDF know them.
const EDITIONS = {
  ja: { locale: 'ja', faces: ['Zen Antique', 'Dela Gothic One'] },
  en: { locale: 'en-us', faces: ['Comic Neue', 'Bangers'] },
  es: { locale: 'es', faces: ['Comic Neue', 'Bangers'] },
  ca: { locale: 'ca', faces: ['Comic Neue', 'Bangers'] },
  zh: { locale: 'zh-Hans', faces: ['Noto Sans SC', 'ZCOOL KuaiLe'] },
  ar: { locale: 'ar', faces: ['Playpen Sans Arabic', 'Lalezar'] },
  pt: { locale: 'pt-BR', faces: ['Comic Neue', 'Bangers'] },
};

// #region answer: two columns of four, read from the right
// content.<lang>.md splits the page `* [* / * / * / *] | * [* / * / * / *]`: two equal
// columns, each cut into four equal panels. The reading direction lays the first column
// out on the right, so the strip that opens the page is the right-hand one, as in a
// yonkoma magazine, and each strip still reads top to bottom. The gutter between the
// strips is wider than the gutters between their panels, so the eye drops down a strip
// before it crosses to the next.
const comics = (lang) => ({
  artDirection: 'rtl', // the right strip first, in every edition
  mirrorArt: false,
  gutter: { horizontal: mm(3), vertical: mm(9) }, // 3 mm between panels, 9 mm between strips
  panel: { borderWidth: pt(0.9), borderColor: col('ink'), background: col('paper') },
  lettering: {
    fontFamily: EDITIONS[lang].faces[0], color: col('ink'),
    fontSize: pt(['ja', 'zh'].includes(lang) ? 8 : 7), // a yonkoma letters smaller than a story
    writingMode: lang === 'zh' ? 'vertical' : 'auto',
    maxColumnChars: 6, // short columns: a yonkoma panel is wider than it is tall
  },
  balloonStyles: balloons(),
});
// #endregion

// #region balloons: round speech, and a black box for each strip's title
const balloons = () => [
  { id: 'speech', fill: col('paper'), stroke: col('ink'), strokeWidth: pt(0.6), roundness: 2.4 },
  { id: 'shout', fill: col('paper'), stroke: col('ink'), burstPoints: 16 },
  // caption{title}: the strip's title, white on black in the first panel's corner
  { id: 'title', shape: 'rectangle', fill: col('ink'), stroke: col('ink'), color: col('paper'),
    bold: true, tail: 'none', position: 'top-start', butt: true, align: 'center' },
  { id: 'sfx', color: col('ink'), haloColor: col('paper'), fontScale: 1.8 }, // chibi: small effects
];
// #endregion

const config = () => ({ // a factory: the engine caches resolved configs per object
  // Each edition's language, written out (gotcha: ja-locale-tag); the original is built
  // with 'ja' in every edition (edition('ja') below).
  locale: t({ ja: 'ja', en: 'en-us', es: 'es', ca: 'ca', zh: 'zh-Hans', ar: 'ar', pt: 'pt-BR' }),
  colorPalette,
  page: {
    sizePreset: 'custom', width: mm(148), height: mm(210), dpi: 150, // A5, a yonkoma anthology
    binding: 'right', backgroundColor: col('paper'), // manga open from the right, in any language
    margins: { top: mm(15), bottom: mm(15), left: mm(14), right: mm(14), mirror: true },
  },
  bodyText: {
    fontFamily: 'Zen Antique', fontSize: pt(9), lineHeight: pt(15), color: col('ink'),
    boldColor: col('ink'), italicColor: col('ink'), referenceColor: col('ink'),
  },
  headings: { fontFamily: 'Zen Antique', color: col('ink'),
    levels: [{ level: 1, breakBefore: { enabled: true, parity: 'any' } }] }, // the H1 break
  header: { elements: [] }, // comic pages are all panels: no running heads, no folios
  footer: { elements: [] },
  comics: comics(LANG),
});
// Another edition changes the language and the faces; the strips and their order stay.
const edition = (lang) => ({ ...config(), locale: EDITIONS[lang].locale, comics: comics(lang) });

// ─── 2 · Content ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const markdown = String.raw`---
title: "打盹猫咖"
author: "Postext Cookbook"
---

:::page{split="* [* / * / * / *] | * [* / * / * / *]"}
::panel{art=door}
caption{title}: 早饭
mugi: 大家早上好！
kuro: 喵
::panel{art=bowls}
mugi: 一人一碗哦
::panel{art=onebowl}
sfx: 吧唧吧唧
mugi{tail=top}: ……为什么全挤在一个碗里
::panel{art=toast}
sfx: 盯——
mugi: 你们刚吃过了吧！
::panel{art=guest}
caption{title}: 治愈
kyaku: 我是来被治愈的……
mugi: 欢迎光临～
::panel{art=nap}
sfx: 呼噜
kyaku{tail=top}: ……全都睡着了
::panel{art=laptop}
kyaku: 没办法，干活吧……
::panel{art=keyboard}
sfx{at="70% 80%" rotate=-10}: 咚
kyaku{shout}: 干不了活，可是好幸福！！
:::
`; // content.<lang>.md: this edition's lettering
const original = String.raw`---
title: "ねこ喫茶まどろみ"
author: "Postext Cookbook"
---

:::page{split="* [* / * / * / *] | * [* / * / * / *]"}
::panel{art=door}
caption{title}: 朝ごはん
mugi: おはよー、みんな！
kuro: にゃ
::panel{art=bowls}
mugi: ひとり一個ずつね
::panel{art=onebowl}
sfx: ガツガツ
mugi{tail=top}: ……なんで一個に集まるの
::panel{art=toast}
sfx: じーっ
mugi: さっき食べたでしょ！
::panel{art=guest}
caption{title}: いやし
kyaku: 猫ちゃんに癒されに来ました……
mugi: いらっしゃいませー
::panel{art=nap}
sfx: すやぁ
kyaku{tail=top}: ……全員寝てる
::panel{art=laptop}
kyaku: しかたない、仕事するか……
::panel{art=keyboard}
sfx{at="86% 84%" rotate=-10}: ずしっ
kyaku{shout break}: 仕事できないけど幸せーっ！！
:::
`; // content.ja.md, the original, in every edition
const english = String.raw`---
title: "Café Doze"
author: "Postext Cookbook"
---

:::page{split="* [* / * / * / *] | * [* / * / * / *]"}
::panel{art=door}
caption{title}: Breakfast
mugi: Morning, everyone!
kuro: Mrrp.
::panel{art=bowls}
mugi: One bowl each, okay?
::panel{art=onebowl}
sfx: NOM NOM
mugi{tail=top}: …Why all in the same one?
::panel{art=toast}
sfx: STARE
mugi: You just ate!
::panel{art=guest}
caption{title}: Therapy
kyaku: I'm here to be healed by cats…
mugi: Welcome!
::panel{art=nap}
sfx: zzz
kyaku{tail=top}: …They're all asleep.
::panel{art=laptop}
kyaku: Fine. I'll get some work done…
::panel{art=keyboard}
sfx{at="70% 80%" rotate=-10}: THUMP
kyaku{shout}: Can't work. So happy!!
:::
`; // the Japanese edition faces the original with it
// The same panels and speaker ids in every file; only the words change.

// ─── 3 · Fonts ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const FONTS = {
  'Zen Antique': ['400'], 'Dela Gothic One': ['400'], 'Comic Neue': ['400', '700', '400i', '700i'],
  Bangers: ['400'], 'Noto Sans SC': ['400', '700'], 'ZCOOL KuaiLe': ['400'],
  'Playpen Sans Arabic': ['400', '700'], Lalezar: ['400'],
};

// #region art: eight chibi panels drawn for the recipe, speakers and faces marked once
const cat = (id, x, y, fx, fy, w = 0.12, h = 0.15) => ({ id, x, y,
  face: { x: fx, y: fy, width: w, height: h } });
const nose = (id, x, y) => ({ id, x, y, head: { x, y: y - 0.04 } }); // cats asleep or eating
const ART = { // fractions of the picture: the same in every language
  door: {
    alt: t({ en: "Mugi unlocks the café's glass door; the white, black and calico cats wait.",
      es: 'Mugi abre la puerta de cristal del café; dentro esperan los tres gatos.',
      ca: 'La Mugi obre la porta de vidre del cafè; a dins esperen els tres gats.',
      zh: '麦打开猫咖的玻璃门，三只猫在里面等着。',
      ar: 'موغي تفتح باب المقهى الزجاجي، والقطط الثلاث تنتظر في الداخل.',
      ja: '猫カフェのガラス戸を開けるむぎ。中で3匹の猫が待っている。',
      pt: 'Mugi abre a porta de vidro do café; lá dentro, os três gatos esperam.' }),
  safeArea: { x: 0.09, y: 0.19, width: 0.81, height: 0.52 },
  anchors: [{ id: 'mugi', x: 0.205, y: 0.385, head: { x: 0.17, y: 0.25 },
    face: { x: 0.1, y: 0.2, width: 0.2, height: 0.23 } },
  cat('shiro', 0.5, 0.66, 0.44, 0.55, 0.13), cat('kuro', 0.66, 0.62, 0.61, 0.52, 0.12, 0.14),
  cat('mike', 0.83, 0.645, 0.77, 0.53, 0.12, 0.16)] },
  bowls: {
    alt: t({ en: 'Mugi sets out full food bowls in front of the three cats.',
      es: 'Mugi pone cuencos llenos delante de los tres gatos.',
      ca: 'La Mugi posa bols plens de menjar davant dels tres gats.',
      zh: '麦把装满猫粮的碗摆在三只猫面前。',
      ar: 'موغي تضع صحون طعام ممتلئة أمام القطط الثلاث.',
      ja: '3匹の猫の前に、ご飯を盛った器を並べるむぎ。',
      pt: 'Mugi põe tigelas cheias de comida na frente dos três gatos.' }),
  safeArea: { x: 0.16, y: 0.26, width: 0.74, height: 0.65 },
  anchors: [{ id: 'mugi', x: 0.27, y: 0.465, head: { x: 0.25, y: 0.3 },
    face: { x: 0.17, y: 0.26, width: 0.16, height: 0.24 } },
  cat('shiro', 0.37, 0.63, 0.31, 0.52, 0.13, 0.16), cat('kuro', 0.6, 0.64, 0.55, 0.52, 0.11, 0.16),
  cat('mike', 0.82, 0.62, 0.76, 0.52, 0.12, 0.14)] },
  onebowl: {
    alt: t({ en: 'All three cats push their heads into the same bowl; the others stay full.',
      es: 'Los tres gatos meten la cabeza en el mismo cuenco; los otros siguen llenos.',
      ca: 'Els tres gats fiquen el cap al mateix bol; els altres continuen plens.',
      zh: '三只猫把头挤进同一个碗里，另外两个碗还满着。',
      ar: 'القطط الثلاث تدسّ رؤوسها في الصحن نفسه، والصحنان الآخران ممتلئان.',
      ja: '3匹そろって同じ器に頭を突っこみ、ほかの器は手つかず。',
      pt: 'Os três gatos enfiam a cabeça na mesma tigela; as outras continuam cheias.' }),
  safeArea: { x: 0.05, y: 0.27, width: 0.88, height: 0.66 },
  anchors: [nose('shiro', 0.33, 0.66), nose('kuro', 0.5, 0.6), nose('mike', 0.66, 0.68),
    { id: 'sfx', x: 0.5, y: 0.3 }] },
  toast: {
    alt: t({ en: 'Mugi bites her toast while the three cats stare at it with shining eyes.',
      es: 'Mugi muerde su tostada mientras los tres gatos la miran con ojos brillantes.',
      ca: 'La Mugi mossega la torrada mentre els tres gats la miren amb ulls brillants.',
      zh: '麦咬着吐司，三只猫眼睛发亮地盯着。',
      ar: 'موغي تقضم خبزها المحمّص والقطط الثلاث تحدّق فيه بعيون لامعة.',
      ja: 'トーストをかじるむぎを、3匹がきらきらした目で見つめる。',
      pt: 'Mugi morde a torrada enquanto os três gatos olham para ela com olhos brilhando.' }),
  safeArea: { x: 0.09, y: 0.22, width: 0.85, height: 0.56 },
  avoid: [{ x: 0.6, y: 0.52, width: 0.15, height: 0.1 }],
  anchors: [{ id: 'mugi', x: 0.8, y: 0.5, head: { x: 0.85, y: 0.32 },
    face: { x: 0.75, y: 0.25, width: 0.2, height: 0.33 } },
  cat('shiro', 0.17, 0.71, 0.1, 0.6, 0.14, 0.16), cat('kuro', 0.32, 0.73, 0.26, 0.62, 0.12, 0.14),
  cat('mike', 0.46, 0.66, 0.4, 0.56, 0.12, 0.14)] },
  guest: {
    alt: t({ en: 'A tired office worker walks in, arms out; Mugi greets him from the counter.',
      es: 'Un oficinista cansado entra con los brazos abiertos; Mugi lo saluda desde la barra.',
      ca: 'Un oficinista cansat entra amb els braços oberts; la Mugi el saluda des de la barra.',
      zh: '一个疲惫的上班族张着双臂走进来，麦在柜台后招呼他。',
      ar: 'موظف متعب يدخل فاتحًا ذراعيه، وموغي ترحّب به من خلف المنضدة.',
      ja: '両手を広げて入ってくる疲れた会社員と、カウンターから迎えるむぎ。',
      pt: 'Um funcionário de escritório cansado entra de braços abertos; Mugi o recebe do '
        + 'balcão.' }),
  safeArea: { x: 0.13, y: 0.14, width: 0.74, height: 0.51 },
  anchors: [{ id: 'kyaku', x: 0.31, y: 0.42, head: { x: 0.28, y: 0.3 },
    face: { x: 0.19, y: 0.22, width: 0.21, height: 0.26 } },
  { id: 'mugi', x: 0.76, y: 0.39, head: { x: 0.76, y: 0.28 },
    face: { x: 0.68, y: 0.2, width: 0.18, height: 0.25 } }] },
  nap: {
    alt: t({ en: 'The three cats asleep in one pile on a round cushion.',
      es: 'Los tres gatos dormidos en un montón sobre un cojín redondo.',
      ca: 'Els tres gats adormits en un munt sobre un coixí rodó.',
      zh: '三只猫挤成一团睡在圆垫子上。',
      ar: 'القطط الثلاث نائمة كومةً واحدة على وسادة مستديرة.',
      ja: '丸いクッションの上で、ひとかたまりになって眠る3匹。',
      pt: 'Os três gatos dormem amontoados numa almofada redonda.' }),
  safeArea: { x: 0.27, y: 0.21, width: 0.52, height: 0.55 },
  anchors: [nose('shiro', 0.4, 0.42), nose('kuro', 0.41, 0.7), nose('mike', 0.72, 0.58),
    { id: 'sfx', x: 0.3, y: 0.25 }] },
  laptop: {
    alt: t({ en: 'The office worker sighs at a café table and opens his laptop.',
      es: 'El oficinista suspira en una mesa del café y abre el portátil.',
      ca: 'L’oficinista sospira en una taula del cafè i obre el portàtil.',
      zh: '上班族在咖啡桌前叹了口气，打开笔记本电脑。',
      ar: 'الموظف يتنهّد إلى طاولة في المقهى ويفتح حاسوبه.',
      ja: 'カフェのテーブルでため息をつき、ノートパソコンを開く会社員。',
      pt: 'O funcionário suspira numa mesa do café e abre o notebook.' }),
  safeArea: { x: 0.22, y: 0.25, width: 0.56, height: 0.55 },
  anchors: [{ id: 'kyaku', x: 0.45, y: 0.62, head: { x: 0.39, y: 0.4 },
    face: { x: 0.3, y: 0.3, width: 0.22, height: 0.38 } }] },
  keyboard: {
    alt: t({ en: 'The three cats sit on the keyboard; the worker cries tears of joy.',
      es: 'Los tres gatos se sientan en el teclado; el oficinista llora de alegría.',
      ca: 'Els tres gats seuen damunt del teclat; l’oficinista plora d’alegria.',
      zh: '三只猫坐在键盘上，上班族喜极而泣。',
      ar: 'القطط الثلاث تجلس على لوحة المفاتيح، والموظف يبكي من الفرح.',
      ja: 'キーボードの上に座る3匹と、うれし泣きする会社員。',
      pt: 'Os três gatos sentam no teclado; o funcionário chora de alegria.' }),
  safeArea: { x: 0.07, y: 0.1, width: 0.81, height: 0.78 },
  anchors: [{ id: 'kyaku', x: 0.29, y: 0.42, head: { x: 0.25, y: 0.2 },
    face: { x: 0.15, y: 0.1, width: 0.27, height: 0.4 } },
  cat('shiro', 0.42, 0.57, 0.36, 0.48, 0.13, 0.14), cat('kuro', 0.59, 0.6, 0.53, 0.5, 0.12, 0.14),
  cat('mike', 0.74, 0.62, 0.68, 0.52, 0.12, 0.14)] },
};
const panels = () => Promise.all([
  comicPanel('door', asset('neko-door.jpg'), ART.door),
  comicPanel('bowls', asset('neko-bowls.jpg'), ART.bowls),
  comicPanel('onebowl', asset('neko-onebowl.jpg'), ART.onebowl),
  comicPanel('toast', asset('neko-toast.jpg'), ART.toast),
  comicPanel('guest', asset('neko-guest.jpg'), ART.guest),
  comicPanel('nap', asset('neko-nap.jpg'), ART.nap),
  comicPanel('laptop', asset('neko-laptop.jpg'), ART.laptop),
  comicPanel('keyboard', asset('neko-keyboard.jpg'), ART.keyboard),
]);
// #endregion

// #region fonts: each edition loads its two faces with the words they set
const SFX = /^sfx[^:：\n]*[:：](.*)$/gm; // sound-effect lines: the second face sets them
async function loadEdition(lang) {
  const text = TEXT[lang];
  const [face, sfx] = EDITIONS[lang].faces;
  const faces = { [face]: FONTS[face], [sfx]: FONTS[sfx] };
  if (['ja', 'zh'].includes(lang)) { // CJK: only the files that hold these characters
    const effects = [...text.matchAll(SFX)].map((m) => m[1]).join('');
    await loadCjkFonts({ [face]: FONTS[face] }, text.replace(SFX, ''), { vertical: true });
    await loadCjkFonts({ [sfx]: FONTS[sfx] }, effects, { vertical: true });
  }
  if (lang === 'ar') await loadArabicFonts(faces, text);
  await loadComicFonts(faces, text); // the bold and italic the faces do not ship
}
// #endregion

// ─── 4 · Build & show ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// #region editions: the original on the right-hand page, this edition's lettering facing it
const FACING = LANG === 'ja' ? 'en' : LANG; // Japanese readers see the English edition
const TEXT = { ja: original, [FACING]: LANG === 'ja' ? english : markdown };
await loadFonts(FONTS, Object.values(TEXT).join('\n'));
const resources = await panels();
const build = async (lang) => { // the same pictures and page; this language's lettering
  await loadEdition(lang);
  return buildWithFonts(() => buildDocument({ markdown: TEXT[lang], resources,
    continuation: { pageIndexOffset: lang === 'ja' ? 1 : 2 } }, edition(lang)), TEXT[lang]);
};
const docs = [await build('ja'), await build(FACING)];
// #endregion
const TITLE = t({
  en: 'Two yonkoma strips on a page', es: 'Dos tiras yonkoma en una página',
  ca: 'Dues tires yonkoma en una pàgina', zh: '一页并排两篇四格漫画', ar: 'شريطا يونكوما في صفحة واحدة',
  ja: '1ページに四コマを2本並べる', pt: 'Duas tiras yonkoma numa página' });
showBook(docs, { title: TITLE });
offerPdf(() => renderToPdf(docs, { fontProvider: comicPdfProvider, resourceBytes: imageBytes }),
  `${RECIPE}.pdf`);

// ─── Kit ── helpers shared by every Cookbook recipe · postext.dev/cookbook ─────

// ─── Kit · core v1 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
function mm(value) { return { value, unit: 'mm' }; }
function pt(value) { return { value, unit: 'pt' }; }
function em(value) { return { value, unit: 'em' }; }
/** The sample language's string: t({ en: 'Figure', es: 'Figura' }). */
function t(strings) { return strings[LANG] ?? Object.values(strings)[0]; }
/** A file in this recipe's assets folder, served from the Postext repo by jsDelivr. */
function asset(file) { return `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/drnachio/postext@main/cookbook/${RECIPE}/assets/${file}`; }

// ─── Kit · fonts v2 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
// Postext measures with the loaded faces and caches the widths: load every face
// before the first build, from Fontsource, the files the PDF embeds too.

/** faces = { 'Family Name': ['400', '400i', '700'] }. `text` is the sample:
 *  č ł † α χ also load latin-ext and greek files (kitSubsetsFor). With
 *  `optional`, a face Fontsource does not ship is skipped instead of failing.
 *  Resolves to the number of faces added. */
async function loadFonts(faces, text = '', { optional = false } = {}) {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  const ranges = {
    latin: 'U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,'
      + 'U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD',
    'latin-ext': 'U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,'
      + 'U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF',
    greek: 'U+0370-03FF',
  };
  const jobs = [];
  let added = 0;
  for (const [family, specs] of Object.entries(faces)) {
    const id = fontsourceId(family);
    const todo = [...new Set(specs)].map((spec) => [parseInt(spec, 10), spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal'])
      .filter(([weight, style]) => !hasFace(family, weight, style)); // before any await
    const meta = optional || /[^\0-ÿ]/u.test(text) ? await fontsourceMeta(family) : null;
    const subsets = ['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)];
    for (const [weight, style] of todo) {
      if (optional && !(meta?.weights.includes(weight) && meta.styles.includes(style))) continue;
      for (const subset of subsets) {
        const url = `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fontsource/${id}@5/files/${id}-${subset}-${weight}-${style}.woff2`;
        const face = new FontFace(family, `url(${url}) format('woff2')`,
          { weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: ranges[subset] });
        jobs.push(face.load().then((ready) => { document.fonts.add(ready); added++; }, () => {
          if (subset === 'latin' && !optional) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${weight} ${style}`);
        }));
      }
    }
  }
  await Promise.all(jobs).catch((error) => { kitFail(error); throw error; });
  return added;
}

/** Runs `build` and loads any face the pages use that FONTS missed (a regular
 *  one with a warning), then clears the measurement cache and builds again. */
async function buildWithFonts(build, text = '') {
  const tried = new Set();
  for (let round = 0; round < 3; round++) {
    kitStatus('Laying out…');
    await new Promise(requestAnimationFrame);          // let the status paint first
    const result = await Promise.resolve().then(build).catch((error) => { kitFail(error); throw error; });
    const wanted = { base: {}, variants: {} };
    for (const { font, base } of [result].flat().flatMap(fontStringsOf)) {
      const { family, weight, style } = parseFont(font);
      const key = `${family}|${weight}|${style}`;
      if (tried.has(key) || hasFace(family, weight, style)) continue;
      tried.add(key);
      (wanted[base ? 'base' : 'variants'][family] ??= []).push(`${weight}${style === 'italic' ? 'i' : ''}`);
    }
    if (Object.keys(wanted.base).length) {
      console.warn(`[cookbook] FONTS does not list ${JSON.stringify(wanted.base)}: loading them.`);
    }
    const added = await loadFonts(wanted.base, text) + await loadFonts(wanted.variants, text, { optional: true });
    if (added === 0) return result;
    clearMeasurementCache();
  }
  throw new Error('The fonts did not settle after three builds.');
}

/** Every font string of the layout; `base` marks a block's own face. */
function fontStringsOf(doc) {
  const found = new Map();
  const walk = (node) => {
    if (!node || typeof node !== 'object') return;
    if (Array.isArray(node)) { node.forEach(walk); return; }
    for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(node)) {
      if (typeof value === 'string' && /fontString$/i.test(key)) {
        found.set(value, found.get(value) || key === 'fontString');
      } else if (value && typeof value === 'object') walk(value);
    }
  };
  walk(doc.pages);
  walk(doc.blocks);
  return [...found].map(([font, base]) => ({ font, base }));
}

/** '700 37.5px Open Sans' / 'italic 400 13px "Source Serif 4"' → { family, weight, style }.
 *  A string with no weight ('95.8px Young Serif', from a design text) is 400. */
function parseFont(font) {
  const m = /^(?:(italic|oblique)\s+)?(?:small-caps\s+)?(?:(\d+|bold|normal)\s+)?[\d.]+px\s+(.+)$/.exec(font.trim());
  if (!m) throw new Error(`Unexpected font string: ${font}`);
  const weight = m[2] === 'bold' ? 700 : !m[2] || m[2] === 'normal' ? 400 : Number(m[2]);
  return { family: m[3].replace(/^["']|["']$/g, ''), weight, style: m[1] ? 'italic' : 'normal' };
}

/** A loaded FontFace covers this family, weight and style (fonts.check() would
 *  also say yes for families nobody declared). */
function hasFace(family, weight, style) {
  for (const face of document.fonts) {
    if (face.status !== 'loaded' || face.style !== style) continue;
    if (face.family.replace(/^["']|["']$/g, '') !== family) continue;
    const [low, high = low] = face.weight.split(' ').map(Number);
    if (weight >= low && weight <= high) return true;
  }
  return false;
}

/** The files beyond latin `text` needs that `meta`'s family ships. */
function kitSubsetsFor(text, meta) {
  return [[/[Ā-˿ᴀ-ᶿḀ-ỿ†ℓⱠ-Ɀ꜠-ꟿ]/u, 'latin-ext'], [/[Ͱ-Ͽ]/u, 'greek']]
    .filter(([re, x]) => re.test(text) && meta?.subsets?.includes(x)).map(([, x]) => x);
}

/** Fontsource's id for a family: 'Source Serif 4' → 'source-serif-4'. */
function fontsourceId(family) { return family.toLowerCase().replace(/\s+/g, '-'); }

/** The family's Fontsource metadata (weights, styles, subsets), or null. */
function fontsourceMeta(family) {
  fontsourceMeta.cache ??= new Map();
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  if (!fontsourceMeta.cache.has(id)) {
    fontsourceMeta.cache.set(id, fetch(`https://api.fontsource.org/v1/fonts/${id}`)
      .then((res) => (res.ok ? res.json() : null), () => null));
  }
  return fontsourceMeta.cache.get(id);
}

// ─── Kit · viewer v1 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
/** The pages as spreads on a dark desk, page 1 alone, then verso | recto,
 *  each painted when it scrolls near. */
function showPages(docs, { title, width = 460 } = {}) {
  const root = viewer(title);
  const pages = [docs].flat().flatMap((doc) =>
    doc.pages.map((page) => ({ doc, page, n: (doc.pageIndexOffset ?? 0) + page.index })));
  const spreads = [];
  let verso = null;
  for (const p of pages) {
    if (p.n % 2 === 1) { if (verso) spreads.push([verso, null]); verso = p; }
    else { spreads.push([verso, p]); verso = null; }
  }
  if (verso) spreads.push([verso, null]);
  const density = Math.min(window.devicePixelRatio || 1, 2);
  showPages.painter?.disconnect();
  const painter = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {
    for (const { isIntersecting, target } of entries) {
      if (!isIntersecting) continue;
      painter.unobserve(target);
      const { doc, page } = target.postext;
      renderPageToCanvas(page, doc, target, { scale: (width * density) / page.width });
    }
  }, { rootMargin: '800px' });
  showPages.painter = painter;
  root.replaceChildren(...spreads.map((pair) => {
    const spread = document.createElement('div');
    spread.className = 'pt-spread';
    for (const p of pair) {
      const figure = document.createElement('figure');
      if (p) {
        const label = p.page.pageLabel || String(p.n + 1);
        const canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
        canvas.postext = p;
        canvas.style.aspectRatio = `${p.page.width} / ${p.page.height}`;
        canvas.setAttribute('role', 'img');
        canvas.setAttribute('aria-label', `Page ${label}`);
        const folio = document.createElement('figcaption');
        folio.textContent = label;
        figure.append(canvas, folio);
        painter.observe(canvas);
      } else figure.className = 'pt-blank';
      spread.append(figure);
    }
    return spread;
  }));
  kitStatus(`${pages.length} ${pages.length === 1 ? 'page' : 'pages'}`);
  document.documentElement.dataset.postext = 'ready';
  return pages.length;
}

/** The desk, the bar and the error reporting, created once. */
function viewer(title) {
  if (!document.getElementById('pt-kit')) {
    document.head.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', `<style id="pt-kit">
      :root { color-scheme: dark; }
      body { margin: 0; background: #0e1014; color: #b9bcc4; font: 13px/1.45 system-ui, sans-serif; }
      #pt-bar { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 1; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center;
        gap: 6px 16px; padding: 10px 16px; background: rgb(14 16 20 / .92); backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
        border-bottom: 1px solid #23262d; }
      #pt-bar strong { color: #f4f1ea; font-weight: 600; }
      #pt-actions { display: flex; gap: 12px; margin-left: auto; }
      #pt-actions a, #pt-actions button { color: #d8a21a; font: inherit; background: none; border: 0; padding: 0; cursor: pointer; }
      #pages { display: grid; justify-items: center; gap: 48px; padding: 32px 16px 72px; }
      .pt-spread { display: flex; }
      .pt-spread figure { margin: 0; width: min(460px, 44vw); }
      .pt-spread canvas { display: block; width: 100%; background: #fff;
        box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
      .pt-spread figure:first-child canvas { box-shadow: inset -14px 0 14px -14px rgb(0 0 0 / .18), 0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
      .pt-spread figcaption { margin-top: 10px; text-align: center; font: 600 10px/1 system-ui, sans-serif;
        letter-spacing: .18em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #6c7079; }
      .pt-blank { visibility: hidden; }
      @media (max-width: 760px) {
        .pt-spread { flex-direction: column; gap: 32px; }
        .pt-spread figure { width: min(460px, 92vw); }
        .pt-blank { display: none; }
      }
    </style>`);
    document.body.insertAdjacentHTML('afterbegin',
      '<header id="pt-bar"><strong id="pt-title"></strong><span id="pt-status" role="status"></span><span id="pt-actions"></span></header>');
    document.getElementById('pt-title').textContent = document.title || 'Postext';
    addEventListener('error', (event) => kitFail(event.error ?? event.message));
    addEventListener('unhandledrejection', (event) => kitFail(event.reason));
  }
  if (title) document.getElementById('pt-title').textContent = title;
  return document.getElementById('pages')
    ?? document.body.appendChild(Object.assign(document.createElement('main'), { id: 'pages' }));
}

function kitStatus(text) {
  viewer();
  document.getElementById('pt-status').textContent = text;
}

function kitFail(error) {
  document.documentElement.dataset.postext = 'error';
  kitStatus(`Error: ${error?.message ?? error}`);
}

// ─── Kit · pdf v2 ── the same in every recipe that exports a PDF
/** The Fontsource files the screen used, as TrueType: the nearest weight the
 *  family ships, upright if it has no italic; latin, then what the face's
 *  letters need (kitSubsetsFor). */
async function fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style, request) {
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const weights = meta?.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const s = style === 'italic' && meta && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const text = String.fromCodePoint(...(request?.codePoints ?? []));
  const more = kitSubsetsFor(text, meta);
  const files = await Promise.all(['latin', ...more].map(async (subset) => {
    const res = await fetch(`https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fontsource/${id}@5/files/${id}-${subset}-${w}-${s}.woff2`);
    if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${w} ${s} ${subset}`);
    return decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer()));
  }));
  return files.length === 1 ? files[0] : files;
}

/** A "Build the PDF" button; then "Open the PDF" (a new tab: CodePen's frame
 *  shows no PDFs) and a download link. */
function offerPdf(makePdf, filename) {
  viewer();
  const button = Object.assign(document.createElement('button'), { type: 'button', textContent: 'Build the PDF' });
  button.dataset.postextPdf = filename;
  button.addEventListener('click', async () => {
    button.disabled = true;
    button.textContent = 'Building the PDF…';
    try {
      const bytes = await makePdf();
      const url = URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([bytes], { type: 'application/pdf' }));
      const size = `${Math.max(1, Math.round(bytes.length / 1024))} KB`;
      button.replaceWith(
        Object.assign(document.createElement('a'), { href: url, target: '_blank', rel: 'noopener', textContent: 'Open the PDF ↗' }),
        Object.assign(document.createElement('a'), { href: url, download: filename, textContent: `Download ${filename} · ${size}` }));
    } catch (error) {
      button.disabled = false;
      button.textContent = 'Build the PDF';
      kitFail(error);
    }
  });
  document.getElementById('pt-actions').append(button);
}

// ─── Kit · images v1 ── recipes with pictures · postext.dev/cookbook
/** Registers a photo or PNG for the canvas and keeps its bytes for the PDF.
 *  fetch → ImageBitmap never taints the canvas (a plain cross-origin <img> would). */
async function loadImage(fileId, url) {
  const res = await fetch(url);
  if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Image not found (${res.status}): ${url}`);
  const bytes = new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer());
  registerResourceImage(fileId, await createImageBitmap(new Blob([bytes])));
  (loadImage.bytes ??= new Map()).set(fileId, bytes);
}

/** Registers SVG markup (drawn in code, or fetched) as a vector image. */
async function loadSvg(fileId, svg) {
  const img = new Image();
  img.src = `data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,${encodeURIComponent(svg)}`;
  await img.decode();
  registerResourceImage(fileId, img);
  (loadImage.bytes ??= new Map()).set(fileId, new TextEncoder().encode(svg));
}

/** renderToPdf({ resourceBytes: imageBytes }) */
function imageBytes(fileId) { return loadImage.bytes?.get(fileId); }

/** renderToHtml({ resourceImageUrl: imageUrl }) */
function imageUrl(fileId) {
  const bytes = imageBytes(fileId);
  if (!bytes) return undefined;
  imageUrl.urls ??= new Map();
  if (!imageUrl.urls.has(fileId)) {
    const type = /\.svg$/i.test(fileId) ? 'image/svg+xml' : /\.png$/i.test(fileId) ? 'image/png' : 'image/jpeg';
    imageUrl.urls.set(fileId, URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([bytes], { type })));
  }
  return imageUrl.urls.get(fileId);
}

// ─── Kit · cjk v1 ── Chinese, Japanese and Korean books · postext.dev/cookbook
// Fontsource ships a CJK family as about a hundred files per weight, each
// declared in its stylesheet with the unicode-range it covers. The screen
// loads the files the sample touches; the PDF gets the same files for the
// characters its pages set in each face, and embeds each as a subset.
// A book bound on the right (vertical text) is shown with its spreads
// mirrored: page 1 alone on the left of the spine, then [3 | 2].

/** The files of a Fontsource face, read from its stylesheet: { url, range,
 *  ranges }, the last declared first (the order the browser tries them in). */
function cjkSlices(family, weight, style) {
  cjkSlices.cache ??= new Map();
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const css = `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fontsource/${id}@5/${weight}${style === 'italic' ? '-italic' : ''}.css`;
  if (!cjkSlices.cache.has(css)) {
    cjkSlices.cache.set(css, fetch(css)
      .then((res) => {
        if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${weight} ${style} (${res.status})`);
        return res.text();
      })
      .then((text) => [...text.matchAll(/@font-face\s*{([^}]*)}/g)].map(([, rule]) => {
        const range = /unicode-range:\s*([^;]+);/.exec(rule)?.[1].trim() ?? 'U+0-10FFFF';
        const ranges = range.split(',').map((part) => {
          const [lo, hi = lo] = part.trim().slice(2).split('-');
          return [parseInt(lo, 16), parseInt(hi, 16)];
        });
        return { url: new URL(/url\(([^)]+?\.woff2)\)/.exec(rule)[1], css).href, range, ranges };
      }).reverse()));
  }
  return cjkSlices.cache.get(css);
}

/** The file of `slices` that holds code point `cp`, if any. */
function cjkSliceFor(slices, cp) {
  return slices.find((slice) => slice.ranges.some(([lo, hi]) => cp >= lo && cp <= hi));
}

/** Whether Fontsource serves `family` as a Chinese, Japanese or Korean
 *  family (its subsets name the script). Fails when the API does not
 *  answer: a CJK face taken for a Latin one would paint in a system face. */
async function isCjkFamily(family) {
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  if (!meta) throw new Error(`api.fontsource.org did not describe ${family}: reload to try again`);
  return !!meta.subsets?.some((subset) => /^(chinese|japanese|korean)/.test(subset));
}

/** faces = { 'Noto Serif TC': ['400', '700'] }, as for loadFonts: the
 *  whole FONTS object may be passed, its other families are left to
 *  loadFonts. Adds one FontFace per file of each CJK face with its
 *  unicodeRange, then loads the files `text` touches. `text` is what the
 *  faces set: the sample for the text face; a book in several voices calls
 *  it once per voice (loadCjkFonts({ 'LXGW WenKai TC': ['400'] }, quotes)),
 *  so the heading and quotation faces fetch and check only their own
 *  characters. Fails when a character of `text` is in no file of a face.
 *  List every weight the pages use: a weight left to buildWithFonts gets
 *  the latin file only. With { vertical: true } it also loads each
 *  family's vertical forms (brackets, quotes, pause marks) for the canvas,
 *  which needs loadVerticalAlternates imported from postext. Resolves to
 *  the number of files loaded. */
async function loadCjkFonts(faces, text, { vertical = false } = {}) {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  let loaded = 0;
  try {
    if (vertical && typeof loadVerticalAlternates !== 'function') {
      throw new Error('loadCjkFonts(…, { vertical: true }) needs loadVerticalAlternates imported from postext');
    }
    for (const [family, specs] of Object.entries(faces)) {
      if (!(await isCjkFamily(family))) continue;
      const twin = [];
      for (const spec of new Set(specs)) {
        const weight = parseInt(spec, 10);
        const style = spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal';
        const slices = await cjkSlices(family, weight, style);
        const missing = [...new Set(text)].filter((ch) => /\S/.test(ch) && !cjkSliceFor(slices, ch.codePointAt(0)));
        if (missing.length) {
          throw new Error(`${family} ${spec} has no file for ${missing.slice(0, 12).join(' ')}: `
            + `give each face the text it sets (loadCjkFonts({ '${family}': ['${spec}'] }, text))`);
        }
        for (const slice of slices) {
          document.fonts.add(new FontFace(family, `url(${slice.url}) format('woff2')`,
            { weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: slice.range }));
          twin.push({ source: slice.url, weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: slice.range });
        }
        const font = `${style === 'italic' ? 'italic ' : ''}${weight} 16px "${family}"`;
        loaded += (await document.fonts.load(font, text)).length;
        if (!document.fonts.check(font, text)) throw new Error(`${family} ${spec} did not load for the sample`);
      }
      // The same files under a twin name with the `vert` feature on: the
      // canvas paints the punctuation of vertical lines with it.
      if (vertical && twin.length) await loadVerticalAlternates(family, twin);
    }
  } catch (error) {
    kitFail(error);
    throw error;
  }
  return loaded;
}

/** The PDF font provider for recipes with CJK faces: a family whose
 *  Fontsource subsets are Chinese, Japanese or Korean gets the files that
 *  hold the characters its pages set (`request.codePoints`); any other
 *  family gets the latin file fontsourceProvider fetches (the "pdf" block)
 *  and, when the face sets letters only latin-ext has, that file too. */
async function cjkPdfProvider(family, weight, style, request) {
  if (!(await isCjkFamily(family))) return cjkLatinPdfFiles(family, weight, style, request);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const weights = meta.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const s = style === 'italic' && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const slices = await cjkSlices(family, w, s);
  const picked = new Set();
  for (const cp of request?.codePoints ?? []) {
    const slice = cjkSliceFor(slices, cp);
    if (slice) picked.add(slice);
  }
  if (!picked.size) picked.add(slices[0]);
  return Promise.all(slices.filter((slice) => picked.has(slice)).map(async (slice) => {
    const res = await fetch(slice.url);
    if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource file ${slice.url} (${res.status})`);
    return decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer()));
  }));
}

/** A Latin family set next to the CJK faces: its latin file, then its
 *  latin-ext file when the face sets letters only latin-ext has (ō ū in
 *  Hepburn rōmaji, ǎ in pinyin), the file loadFonts adds on screen for
 *  them. Latin comes first: postext-pdf draws a character from the first
 *  file that has it, as the browser takes a character both files hold from
 *  latin. A face Fontsource ships without latin-ext, or whose file does
 *  not come, gets latin alone, and the PDF names the letters it lacks. */
async function cjkLatinPdfFiles(family, weight, style, request) {
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const beyond = [...(request?.codePoints ?? [])].some(cjkLatinExtOnly);
  if (!beyond || !meta?.subsets?.includes('latin-ext')) return fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style);
  const weights = meta.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const s = style === 'italic' && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const url = `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fontsource/${id}@5/files/${id}-latin-ext-${w}-${s}.woff2`;
  const [latin, ext] = await Promise.all([fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style), fetch(url)
    .then(async (res) => (res.ok ? decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer())) : null), () => null)]);
  return ext ? [latin, ext] : latin;
}

/** Whether code point `cp` is in Fontsource's latin-ext file and not in
 *  its latin file: Latin Extended-A and -B, IPA, the spacing modifiers and
 *  Latin Extended Additional (loadFonts's test for latin-ext), less the
 *  few latin holds too (ı Œ œ ʻ ʼ ˆ ˚ ˜). */
function cjkLatinExtOnly(cp) {
  if (!((cp >= 0x100 && cp <= 0x2ff) || (cp >= 0x1e00 && cp <= 0x1eff))) return false;
  return ![0x131, 0x152, 0x153, 0x2bb, 0x2bc, 0x2c6, 0x2da, 0x2dc].includes(cp);
}

/** showPages for a book bound on either edge. A right-bound book (the
 *  document says so: doc.binding is 'right' for page.binding 'right' and
 *  for vertical text) lies on the desk as it opens: page 1 alone on the
 *  left of the spine, then [3 | 2], the spine shade on each page's inner
 *  edge. `binding` ('left' | 'right') overrides the document's. */
function showBook(docs, { binding, ...options } = {}) {
  const count = showPages(docs, options);
  const right = (binding ?? [docs].flat()[0]?.binding) === 'right';
  if (!document.getElementById('pt-kit-cjk')) {
    // The pages keep direction ltr: a canvas draws text in the direction its
    // element inherits, and under rtl each run would end where the engine
    // starts it, its brackets mirrored.
    document.head.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', `<style id="pt-kit-cjk">
      .pt-spread[dir="rtl"] canvas { direction: ltr; }
      .pt-spread[dir="rtl"] figure:first-child canvas { box-shadow: inset 14px 0 14px -14px rgb(0 0 0 / .18),
        0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
    </style>`);
  }
  // Each pair stays [verso, recto] in the page; right to left, the verso
  // sits on the right. Phones stack the pages in reading order either way.
  for (const spread of document.querySelectorAll('#pages > .pt-spread')) spread.dir = right ? 'rtl' : 'ltr';
  document.getElementById('pages').dataset.binding = right ? 'right' : 'left';
  return count;
}

// ─── Kit · arabic v1 ── Arabic-script faces · postext.dev/cookbook
// Fontsource ships an Arabic family as one file per subset and weight: the
// `arabic` file holds the letters, the harakat, the Arabic-Indic digits, the
// Arabic punctuation and the presentation forms; `latin` and `latin-ext`
// hold the rest. loadFonts loads the latin files; this block adds the arabic
// file of every Arabic family, for the canvas and for the PDF, which shapes
// the letters with HarfBuzz from the same bytes.

/** The code points of Fontsource's `arabic` subset, as its stylesheets
 *  declare them (the same unicode-range the browser picks the file by). A
 *  function, not a const: the kit is inlined after the recipe's top-level
 *  awaits, and a const read before its line throws, where a function
 *  declaration is hoisted. */
function arabicRange() {
  return 'U+0600-06FF,U+0750-077F,U+0870-088E,U+0890-0891,U+0897-08E1,U+08E3-08FF,'
    + 'U+200C-200E,U+2010-2011,U+204F,U+2E41,U+FB50-FDFF,U+FE70-FE74,U+FE76-FEFC,U+102E0-102FB,'
    + 'U+10E60-10E7E,U+10EC2-10EC4,U+10EFC-10EFF,U+1EE00-1EEFF';
}

/** Whether code point `cp` is in the arabic file. */
function inArabicRange(cp) {
  inArabicRange.ranges ??= arabicRange().split(',').map((part) => {
    const [lo, hi = lo] = part.slice(2).split('-');
    return [parseInt(lo, 16), parseInt(hi, 16)];
  });
  return inArabicRange.ranges.some(([lo, hi]) => cp >= lo && cp <= hi);
}

/** Whether Fontsource serves `family` with an `arabic` subset. Fails when
 *  the API does not answer: an Arabic face taken for a Latin one would set
 *  its letters in a system face. */
async function isArabicFamily(family) {
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  if (!meta) throw new Error(`api.fontsource.org did not describe ${family}: reload to try again`);
  return !!meta.subsets?.includes('arabic');
}

/** The arabic file of a face. */
function arabicFileUrl(family, weight, style) {
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  return `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fontsource/${id}@5/files/${id}-arabic-${weight}-${style}.woff2`;
}

/** faces = { Amiri: ['400', '700'] }, as for loadFonts, after it: the whole
 *  FONTS object may be passed, its families without an arabic subset are
 *  left alone. Adds the arabic file of every listed weight of each Arabic
 *  family (the latin files come from loadFonts) and loads it. `text` is
 *  the sample: fails when it holds an Arabic-script character the arabic
 *  file does not cover. List every weight the pages set in Arabic: a weight
 *  left to buildWithFonts gets the latin file only, and its Arabic letters
 *  fall back to a system face. Resolves to the number of files loaded. */
async function loadArabicFonts(faces, text = '') {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  let loaded = 0;
  try {
    const outside = [...new Set(text)].filter((ch) => /\p{Script=Arabic}/u.test(ch) && !inArabicRange(ch.codePointAt(0)));
    if (outside.length) throw new Error(`Fontsource's arabic files have no ${outside.slice(0, 12).join(' ')}`);
    for (const [family, specs] of Object.entries(faces)) {
      if (!(await isArabicFamily(family))) continue;
      for (const spec of new Set(specs)) {
        const weight = parseInt(spec, 10);
        const style = spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal';
        const face = new FontFace(family, `url(${arabicFileUrl(family, weight, style)}) format('woff2')`,
          { weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: arabicRange() });
        document.fonts.add(await face.load().catch(() => {
          throw new Error(`Fontsource has no arabic file for ${family} ${weight} ${style}`);
        }));
        loaded++;
      }
    }
  } catch (error) {
    kitFail(error);
    throw error;
  }
  return loaded;
}

/** The PDF font provider for recipes with Arabic faces: a family with an
 *  arabic subset gets its arabic file when its pages set Arabic letters
 *  (`request.codePoints`), then its latin file, and its latin-ext file for
 *  the letters beyond latin (transliteration: ā ḥ ʿ). The arabic file comes
 *  first: it also holds the space and the brackets, so a line of Arabic is
 *  shaped as one run and not cut at every space. Any other family goes to
 *  fontsourceProvider (the "pdf" block). */
async function arabicPdfProvider(family, weight, style, request) {
  if (!(await isArabicFamily(family))) return fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style, request);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const weights = meta.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const s = style === 'italic' && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const wanted = [...(request?.codePoints ?? [])];
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const urls = [];
  if (!wanted.length || wanted.some(inArabicRange)) urls.push(arabicFileUrl(family, w, s));
  urls.push(`https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fontsource/${id}@5/files/${id}-latin-${w}-${s}.woff2`);
  if (meta.subsets.includes('latin-ext') && wanted.some((cp) => /[Ā-˿Ḁ-ỿ]/u.test(String.fromCodePoint(cp)))) {
    urls.push(`https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fontsource/${id}@5/files/${id}-latin-ext-${w}-${s}.woff2`);
  }
  return Promise.all(urls.map(async (url) => {
    const res = await fetch(url);
    if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource file ${url} (${res.status})`);
    return decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer()));
  }));
}

// ─── Kit · comics v1 ── comic pages · postext.dev/cookbook
// The engine letters a comic in a face per language (defaultComicFont:
// Comic Neue, Zen Antique for Japanese, Noto Sans SC, LXGW WenKai TC,
// Playpen Sans Arabic; defaultComicSfxFont: Bangers, Dela Gothic One,
// ZCOOL KuaiLe, Lalezar) and asks for the bold of a shout or a sound effect
// and the italic of an inner voice. Most of these faces ship one weight and
// no italic: this block declares the file Fontsource does ship for those
// variants, so the canvas measures and paints the letters the PDF embeds
// (the providers snap to the shipped file) and not a bold or a slant the
// browser makes up. It also turns the art manifest into panel resources.

/** faces = { 'Comic Neue': ['400', '700'], Bangers: ['400'] }, as for
 *  loadFonts, after it (and after loadCjkFonts or loadArabicFonts for the
 *  faces of those scripts); the whole FONTS object may be passed. List in
 *  FONTS only what Fontsource ships (Bangers: ['400']): loadFonts fails on
 *  the rest. For each family, the regular, bold, italic and bold italic it
 *  lacks are declared with its nearest file (the regular for the bold, the
 *  upright for the italic) and loaded for `text`. A CJK face needs the cjk
 *  block; an Arabic face setting Arabic, the arabic block. Resolves to the
 *  number of variants added. */
async function loadComicFonts(faces, text = '') {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  let added = 0;
  try {
    for (const family of Object.keys(faces)) {
      const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
      if (!meta) throw new Error(`api.fontsource.org did not describe ${family}: reload to try again`);
      const weights = meta.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
      const styles = meta.styles?.length ? meta.styles : ['normal'];
      for (const [weight, style] of [[400, 'normal'], [700, 'normal'], [400, 'italic'], [700, 'italic']]) {
        if ((weights.includes(weight) && styles.includes(style)) || hasFace(family, weight, style)) continue;
        const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
        const s = style === 'italic' && styles.includes('italic') ? 'italic' : 'normal';
        for (const { url, range } of await comicFaceFiles(family, w, s, meta, text)) {
          document.fonts.add(new FontFace(family, `url(${url}) format('woff2')`,
            { weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: range }));
        }
        await document.fonts.load(`${style === 'italic' ? 'italic ' : ''}${weight} 16px "${family}"`, text || 'A');
        added++;
      }
    }
  } catch (error) {
    kitFail(error);
    throw error;
  }
  return added;
}

/** The files of a shipped face ({ url, range }): a CJK face's slices (the
 *  cjk block reads them from its stylesheet), else latin, the latin-ext
 *  and greek files `text` needs, and the arabic file when `text` holds
 *  Arabic. */
async function comicFaceFiles(family, weight, style, meta, text) {
  if (meta.subsets?.some((subset) => /^(chinese|japanese|korean)/.test(subset))) {
    if (typeof cjkSlices !== 'function') throw new Error(`${family} is a CJK face: list the cjk kit block`);
    return (await cjkSlices(family, weight, style)).map(({ url, range }) => ({ url, range }));
  }
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const file = (subset) => `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fontsource/${id}@5/files/${id}-${subset}-${weight}-${style}.woff2`;
  const files = ['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)].map((subset) => ({ url: file(subset), range: comicRange(subset) }));
  if (meta.subsets?.includes('arabic') && /\p{Script=Arabic}/u.test(text)) {
    if (typeof arabicRange !== 'function') throw new Error(`${family} sets Arabic: list the arabic kit block`);
    files.unshift({ url: file('arabic'), range: arabicRange() });
  }
  return files;
}

/** The unicode-range loadFonts gives a Fontsource file. A function, not a
 *  const: the kit is inlined after the recipe's top-level awaits. */
function comicRange(subset) {
  return {
    latin: 'U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,'
      + 'U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD',
    'latin-ext': 'U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,'
      + 'U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF',
    greek: 'U+0370-03FF',
  }[subset];
}

/** The PDF font provider of a comic in any script: a CJK face goes to
 *  cjkPdfProvider, an Arabic face to arabicPdfProvider, any other to
 *  fontsourceProvider (the "pdf" block). Each embeds the shipped weight
 *  and style nearest to the one asked for, the file loadComicFonts
 *  declared for the canvas. */
async function comicPdfProvider(family, weight, style, request) {
  const subsets = (await fontsourceMeta(family))?.subsets ?? [];
  if (subsets.some((subset) => /^(chinese|japanese|korean)/.test(subset))) {
    if (typeof cjkPdfProvider !== 'function') throw new Error(`${family} is a CJK face: list the cjk kit block`);
    return cjkPdfProvider(family, weight, style, request);
  }
  if (subsets.includes('arabic') && typeof arabicPdfProvider === 'function') {
    return arabicPdfProvider(family, weight, style, request);
  }
  return fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style, request);
}

/** A panel picture as a resource for art= (and pop=): loads `url`
 *  (write asset('lh-arrive.jpg') in the call, so the lint checks the file)
 *  and declares it with `meta`, its entry in the art manifest:
 *  { width, height, alt, safeArea, anchors, avoid }. The safe area is what
 *  every crop keeps, the anchors the speakers' mouths, heads and faces,
 *  the avoid zones what no balloon covers; all in fractions of the picture,
 *  the same in every language. Without width and height, the picture's own
 *  size. Needs the images block. Resolves to the resource. */
async function comicPanel(id, url, meta = {}) {
  const fileId = decodeURIComponent(url.split('/').pop());
  await loadImage(fileId, url);
  let { width, height } = meta;
  if (!width || !height) {
    const bitmap = await createImageBitmap(new Blob([imageBytes(fileId)]));
    ({ width, height } = bitmap);
    bitmap.close();
  }
  return {
    id, typeId: meta.typeId ?? 'figure', kind: 'bitmap', createdAt: 0, updatedAt: 0,
    bitmap: { fileId, format: /\.png$/i.test(fileId) ? 'png' : 'jpeg', width, height },
    ...(meta.alt && { altText: meta.alt }),
    ...(meta.safeArea && { safeArea: meta.safeArea }),
    ...(meta.anchors?.length && { anchors: meta.anchors }),
    ...(meta.avoid?.length && { avoid: meta.avoid }),
  };
}

// ─── /Kit ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
```

## 常见问题

- **日文文本标记为'ja'，不要用zh-Hans或LANG.** 食谱的版本是en和es，但日文示例在两个版本里都是日文：`locale: LANG`会把它标记为英文或西班牙文，中文标记则会按中文规则排它（开明式标点、小假名可以出现在行首、图代替図、PDF中用中文字形）。写'ja'：它选用日本地区（JLReq断行和标点、芝麻着重号、振假名的分布、図和表标签），并关闭断词。lint会让带假名却标记为zh或ko的文本失败。
- **中文字体通过cjk块分片加载.** Fontsource把一个中文、日文或韩文字体家族按每个字重约一百个文件提供，每个文件覆盖一段字符范围。loadFonts只获取latin文件，所以屏幕上的汉字来自系统字体，测量不准；fontsourceProvider交给PDF的也是这个latin文件，汉字印出来是空框。列出kit中的cjk块，在loadFonts之后调用loadCjkFonts(FONTS, markdown)（书中用到几种CJK字体时，每种字体调用一次，并传入它所排的文字），并给renderToPdf传fontProvider: cjkPdfProvider：两者都会取用包含文中字符的那些文件。
- **配置按对象身份缓存：每次新建一个对象.** 引擎按对象身份缓存解析后的配置，所以就地修改配置再构建，会复用旧的结果。每次构建都新建一个对象，这也是食谱的配置写成工厂函数config()的原因。
- **排版前加载所有字体.** 排版用浏览器已加载的字体测量文字，并缓存宽度，所以首次构建之后才到的字体会造成断行错误，PDF也不再与屏幕一致。先加载所有字重和样式；有字体迟到时，重新构建前调用clearMeasurementCache()。

- 在小格子里，竖排对话框先不够高，然后才不够宽：引擎会把它排成更多、更短的竖行，并在词与词之间断开。上班族最后那声喊叫在日文版里对下面那格来说还是太高，所以给它加上`break`（`kyaku{shout break}`）：它向上冲进上面那一格，而不是盖住猫，也不会冲进页边。
- 大号拟声字也像对话框一样要避开脸，它的固定点放在这一格的安全区里，怎么裁都留得住：咚放在`70% 80%`，猫爪上。日文版的ずしっ竖排，个子更高，放在那里会盖住三花猫的脸，构建时警告`comicBalloonOverflow`，所以那里改放在她旁边的`86% 84%`。

## 致谢

- 食谱: Ignacio Ferro ([@drnachio](https://github.com/drnachio))
- 文字: ねこ喫茶まどろみ (Café Doze), two yonkoma strips written for this recipe, with their English, Spanish, Catalan, Chinese and Arabic letterings: Postext Cookbook, CC-BY-4.0
- 图片: Mugi unlocking the cat café's door, three cats waiting inside: Generated With Diffusion Models, 原创
- 图片: Mugi setting out food bowls for the cats: Generated With Diffusion Models, 原创
- 图片: Three cats eating from one bowl: Generated With Diffusion Models, 原创
- 图片: The cats staring at Mugi's toast: Generated With Diffusion Models, 原创
- 图片: A tired office worker arriving at the café: Generated With Diffusion Models, 原创
- 图片: The three cats asleep on one cushion: Generated With Diffusion Models, 原创
- 图片: The office worker opening his laptop: Generated With Diffusion Models, 原创
- 图片: The cats sitting on the keyboard, the worker in happy tears: Generated With Diffusion Models, 原创
- 字体: Zen Antique (OFL-1.1), Dela Gothic One (OFL-1.1), Comic Neue (OFL-1.1), Bangers (OFL-1.1), Noto Sans SC (OFL-1.1), ZCOOL KuaiLe (OFL-1.1), Playpen Sans Arabic (OFL-1.1), Lalezar (OFL-1.1)
- 代码: MIT · 示例内容: CC-BY-4.0

## 相关食谱

- [No. 149 · 从右往左读、竖排嵌字的漫画](https://postext.dev/zh/cookbook/manga-right-to-left.md): 两页按从右往左阅读绘制的漫画：artDirection rtl让每个版本都保留原来的分格顺序，日文对话框按竖列排。 · 难度 2 (中级) · 漫画
- [No. 127 · 按词组空格的平假名图画书](https://postext.dev/zh/cookbook/hiragana-picture-book.md): 一本竖排平假名图画书，词组之间留空格（分かち書き）：用keep-all让每个词组保持完整，行只在空格处断开。 · 难度 2 (中级) · 小说、戏剧与文学散文, 摄影集
- [No. 153 · 用六种语言嵌字的一页漫画](https://postext.dev/zh/cookbook/one-page-six-languages.md): 分格和画面不变，每种语言一份台词：locale 决定字体，日文竖排，日文和阿拉伯文从右往左读。 · 难度 3 (高级) · 漫画