Poesie Tang con i versi inglesi a fronte

// ═══ Postext Cookbook · Nº 083 · Tang poems facing their English verse ═══════════════
// https://postext.dev/en/cookbook/tang-poems-facing-english
// Code: MIT · Text: Tang poems, zh.wikisource; H. A. Giles, 1901, Project Gutenberg (PD)
// Fonts: Noto Serif TC, LXGW WenKai TC, Noto Sans TC, Source Serif 4 (OFL) · Needs postext ≥ 1.28.0
import { buildDocument, withLoadedFonts, renderPageToCanvas } from 'https://esm.sh/postext';
import { renderToPdf, decompressWoff2 } from 'https://esm.sh/postext-pdf';

const LANG = 'en'; // @lang: the language of the sample document ('en' | 'es')
const RECIPE = 'tang-poems-facing-english';

// ─── 1 · Design ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// Ink and seal red on a cream paper, and a pale moon for the title page.
const palette = {
  ink: '#1f1b18', // text: a warm near-black
  seal: '#ad3526', // the accent: vermilion seal paste, for the poets, the rules and the seal
  moon: '#eadcb4', // the title page's moon
  leaf: '#f2e8cf', // the recto's tint, under the Chinese
  muted: '#6d655c', // running heads and the colophon
  paper: '#faf6ed', // a cream paper
};
const col = (id) => ({ hex: palette[id], model: 'hex', paletteId: id });
const colorPalette = [
  ...Object.entries(palette).map(([id, hex]) => ({ id, name: id, value: { hex, model: 'hex' } })),
  { id: 'main-color', name: 'seal (defaults)', value: { hex: palette.seal, model: 'hex' } },
];
const SERIF = 'Noto Serif TC'; // 明: the Chinese titles and the notes
const KAI = 'LXGW WenKai TC'; // 楷: the poems
const HEI = 'Noto Sans TC'; // 黑: the poet lines and the recto's running head
const ROMAN = 'Source Serif 4'; // the English: the Latin that Noto Serif TC is built on
const LABEL = 'Source Sans 3'; // English labels and folios
const [BODY, LEAD, SHI] = [10.5, 16, 16]; // pt: 五号 on a 16 pt pitch; the poems' size
const [CHARS, LINES] = [28, 30]; // the character grid: 28 ems by 30 lines
const TRIM = { width: 148, height: 210 }; // mm: 25開, a Taiwan trade trim
const [INNER, OUTER] = [18, 21]; // mm: minimum sides; the grid centres its measure between them
const MEASURE = (CHARS * BODY * 25.4) / 72; // 103.7 mm: 28 ems of 五号
const EDGE = OUTER + (TRIM.width - INNER - OUTER - MEASURE) / 2; // 23.6 mm: the outer text edge

// #region answer: the English opens the next verso, the Chinese the recto that faces it
const SINK = 6; // lines of LEAD under both titles, so the two poems start on the same line
const at = (y) => ({ anchor: { to: 'container', edge: 'top' }, offset: { y: mm(y) } });
// A title whose foot is 23 mm down at any size, and the poet's line under it at 24 mm.
const titled = (size, title, poet, under = []) => ({
  enabled: true, minHeight: pt(SINK * LEAD),
  slot: { elements: [...under,
    { kind: 'text', id: 'title', content: '{titleText}', fontSize: pt(size), lineHeight: 1.2,
      align: 'center', overflow: 'wrap', color: col('ink'),
      placement: at(23 - (size * 1.2 * 25.4) / 72), ...title },
    { kind: 'text', id: 'poet', align: 'center', overflow: 'wrap', color: col('seal'),
      placement: at(24), ...poet },
  ] },
});
// Each style breaks to its own side of the spread (gotcha: style-inherits-break).
const english = { id: 'en', breakBefore: { enabled: true, parity: 'even' }, // a verso
  advancedDesign: titled(19, { fontFamily: ROMAN, italic: true },
    { content: '{attr.kicker}', fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(7.5), fontWeight: 600,
      letterSpacing: pt(1.5), textTransform: 'uppercase' }) };
// The original on a tinted leaf: span 'page' lets the tint reach past the text column.
const chinese = { id: 'zh', span: 'page', breakBefore: { enabled: true, parity: 'odd' },
  advancedDesign: titled(28, { fontFamily: SERIF, fontWeight: 700, letterSpacing: pt(7) },
    { content: '{attr.poet}', fontFamily: HEI, fontSize: pt(9), letterSpacing: pt(1.5) },
    [{ kind: 'box', id: 'leaf', reserve: false, style: { backgroundColor: col('leaf') },
      placement: { anchor: { to: 'page', edge: 'top-left' },
        size: { width: 'fill', height: 'fill' } } }]) };
// #endregion

// #region verse: a Chinese row faces two lines of English on the grid both pages share
// Each English poem is a :::verse block: a line of verse a line of Markdown, Giles's indents
// as two leading spaces (two ems: bodyText.verse.indentStep), a blank line between stanzas.
// The block is centred on its longest line in the 103.7 mm measure, so a short poem and a
// long one both sit in the middle.
const verse = { id: 'verse', fontFamily: ROMAN, fontSize: pt(BODY), lineHeight: pt(LEAD) };
const shi = { id: 'shi', fontFamily: KAI, fontSize: pt(SHI), lineHeight: pt(2 * LEAD),
  textAlign: 'left', firstLineIndent: pt(0), // two lines of verse to a row: 2 × LEAD
  // Five characters and a full-width mark, twice: 12 ems, centred in the 28 of the grid.
  // A fixed left edge, and the note numbers after each row's 。: every character keeps its column.
  indent: pt((CHARS * BODY - 12 * SHI) / 2) };
// #endregion

// #region notes: glosses at the foot of the recto, in the edition's language
const footnotes = { placement: 'column', numbering: 'page', // the page foot; ① again on each page
  numberFormat: 'circled-decimal', markerSize: em(0.6), fontSize: pt(8), lineHeight: pt(11),
  color: col('ink'), textAlign: 'left', spaceAbove: pt(LEAD), spaceBelowRule: pt(5),
  spaceBetween: pt(3), separator: { width: 0.12, lineWidth: pt(0.6), color: col('seal') },
  wordBreak: 'keep-all' }; // a reading a note quotes (山月, 看月光) is never broken
// #endregion

// #region title: 唐詩 on a pale moon, with a seal
const onPage = (y, size) => ({ anchor: { to: 'page', edge: 'top' }, offset: { y: mm(y) },
  ...(size ? { size: { width: mm(size), height: mm(size) } } : {}) });
const [MOON_Y, MOON, HAN] = [36, 78, 60]; // mm: the moon's top and width; pt: the title
const UNDER = MOON_Y + MOON; // mm: the English lines start under the moon
const line = (id, content, y, style) => ({ kind: 'text', id, content, align: 'center',
  overflow: 'wrap', color: col('ink'), placement: onPage(y), ...style });
const titlePage = { id: 'title', span: 'page', runningChapter: false,
  header: { elements: [] }, footer: { elements: [] },
  advancedDesign: { enabled: true, slot: { elements: [
    { kind: 'box', id: 'moon', placement: onPage(MOON_Y, MOON),
      style: { backgroundColor: col('moon'), borderRadius: mm(MOON / 2) } },
    line('han', '{titleText}', MOON_Y + MOON / 2 - (HAN * 25.4) / 144, { fontFamily: SERIF,
      fontWeight: 900, fontSize: pt(HAN), letterSpacing: pt(HAN / 4), lineHeight: 1 }),
    line('en', '{attr.en}', UNDER + 10, { fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(10), fontWeight: 600,
      letterSpacing: pt(3), textTransform: 'uppercase', color: col('seal') }),
    line('poets', '{attr.poets}', UNDER + 19, { fontFamily: ROMAN, fontSize: pt(12) }),
    line('giles', '{attr.english}', UNDER + 26, { fontFamily: ROMAN, fontSize: pt(11),
      italic: true }),
    // A seal reading 明月, the bright moon of three of the four poems, set down its square.
    { kind: 'box', id: 'seal', placement: onPage(170, 13),
      style: { backgroundColor: col('seal'), borderRadius: mm(1) } },
    line('seal-text', '明月', 170, { placement: onPage(170, 13), writingMode: 'vertical-rl',
      fontFamily: KAI, fontSize: pt(14), lineHeight: 1, color: col('paper'),
      verticalAlign: 'middle' }),
  ] } },
};
// #endregion

// #region heads: the book in English over the verso, the poet in Chinese over the recto
const head = (id, content, parity, edge, x, style) => ({ kind: 'text', id, content, parity,
  pages: 'opener', // every poem page opens with its title; a blank page stays bare
  fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(7.5), fontWeight: 600, color: col('muted'),
  placement: { anchor: { to: 'page', edge }, offset: { x: mm(x), y: mm(12) } }, ...style });
const header = { elements: [
  head('verso-folio', '{pageNumber}', 'even', 'top-left', EDGE, { color: col('ink') }),
  head('verso-book', '{subtitle}', 'even', 'top-left', EDGE + 8,
    { letterSpacing: pt(1.2), textTransform: 'uppercase' }),
  head('recto-poet', '{attr.name}', 'odd', 'top-right', -(EDGE + 8),
    { fontFamily: HEI, fontWeight: 400, fontSize: pt(8), letterSpacing: pt(3) }),
  head('recto-folio', '{pageNumber}', 'odd', 'top-right', -EDGE, { color: col('ink') }),
] };
// #endregion

const paragraphStyles = [shi, verse,
  // Justified like the body, and divided by the patterns of the edition's language (bodyText).
  { id: 'prose', fontFamily: ROMAN, fontSize: pt(10), lineHeight: pt(LEAD),
    firstLineIndent: mm(4) },
  { id: 'colophon', fontFamily: LABEL, fontSize: pt(7), lineHeight: pt(10), color: col('muted'),
    italicColor: col('muted'), textAlign: 'left', firstLineIndent: pt(0), marginTop: pt(LEAD) },
];

const config = () => ({
  locale: 'zh-Hant', // the Chinese sets the rules; written out, never LANG (gotcha: cjk-locale-tag)
  colorPalette,
  page: {
    width: mm(TRIM.width), height: mm(TRIM.height), dpi: 150, backgroundColor: col('paper'),
    // 23 + 17.5 mm leave 169.5 mm for 30 lines of 16 pt (169.3 mm): a head deeper than the foot.
    margins: { top: mm(23), bottom: mm(17.5), left: mm(INNER), right: mm(OUTER), mirror: true },
  },
  layout: { layoutType: 'single' },
  cjk: { grid: { enabled: true, charsPerLine: CHARS, linesPerPage: LINES } },
  bodyText: { fontFamily: SERIF, fontSize: pt(BODY), lineHeight: pt(LEAD), color: col('ink'),
    boldColor: col('ink'), italicColor: col('ink'), referenceColor: col('ink'),
    textAlign: 'justify', firstLineIndent: em(2), indentAfterHeading: false,
    hyphenation: { enabled: true, locale: LANG }, // no Chinese patterns: the Latin's language
    verse: { indentStep: em(1) } }, // Giles's two-space indents: two ems
  // The designs paint the titles; weight 400 keeps the heading blocks in a loaded face.
  // parity 'any': a level-1 heading takes the next page; the styles below choose the side.
  headings: { fontFamily: SERIF, fontWeight: 400, levels: [{ level: 1, marginTop: pt(0),
    marginBottom: pt(0), breakBefore: { enabled: true, parity: 'any' } }] },
  headingStyles: [titlePage, english, chinese],
  paragraphStyles, footnotes, header, footer: { elements: [] },
});

// ─── 2 · Content ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const markdown = String.raw`---
Esempio Markdown · 129 righe · content.en.md
title: "唐詩"
subtitle: "Tang Poems"
---

# 唐詩 {style="title" en="Tang Poems" poets="Li Bai · Du Fu · Wang Wei" english="with the English verse of Herbert A. Giles"}

# Night Thoughts {style="en" kicker="Li Bai · 701–762"}

:::verse{style="verse"}
I wake, and moonbeams play around my bed,
  Glittering like hoar-frost to my wondering eyes;
Up towards the glorious moon I raise my head,
  Then lay me down,—and thoughts of home arise.
:::

# 靜夜思 {style="zh" poet="〔唐〕李白" name="李白"}

:::paragraphs{style="shi"}
牀前明月光，疑是地上霜。[^bed]

舉頭望明月，低頭思故鄉。[^moon]
:::

[^bed]: **牀** chuáng, now written 床: a bed. Some commentators read it as the railing round a well, others as a folding seat set out in the courtyard; Giles keeps the bed.

[^moon]: **明月** míngyuè, the bright moon. The collected works of Li Bai read 山月 here, the moon over the hills, and 看月光 in the first line; the 1705 edition of all Tang poetry reads 山月 but keeps 明月光. This page follows the anthology of 1763, the text Chinese children learn by heart. **鄉** xiāng rhymes with 光 guāng and 霜 shuāng at the ends of the first two lines; Giles rhymes his quatrain on alternate lines instead.

# Drinking Alone under the Moon {style="en" kicker="Li Bai · 701–762"}

:::verse{style="verse"}
An arbour of flowers and a kettle of wine:
Alas! in the bowers no companion is mine.
Then the moon sheds her rays on my goblet and me,
And my shadow betrays we’re a party of three.

Though the moon cannot swallow her share of the grog,
And my shadow must follow wherever I jog,—
Yet their friendship I’ll borrow and gaily carouse,
And laugh away sorrow while spring-time allows.

See the moon,—how she glances response to my song;
See my shadow,—it dances so lightly along!
While sober I feel you are both my good friends;
When drunken I reel, our companionship ends.
But we’ll soon have a greeting without a good-bye,
At our next merry meeting away in the sky.
:::

# 月下獨酌 {style="zh" poet="〔唐〕李白" name="李白"}

:::paragraphs{style="shi"}
花間一壺酒，獨酌無相親。

舉杯邀明月，對影成三人。[^three]

:::space{lines=1}

月既不解飲，影徒隨我身。

暫伴月將影，行樂須及春。[^jiang]

:::space{lines=1}

我歌月徘徊，我舞影零亂。

醒時同交歡，醉後各分散。

永結無情遊，相期邈雲漢。[^wuqing]
:::

[^three]: **三人** sān rén, three people: the poet, the moon and his shadow.

[^jiang]: **將** jiāng: here it joins 月 to 影, the moon to the shadow.

[^wuqing]: **無情遊** wúqíng yóu: a friendship with companions who feel nothing, the moon and the shadow; the poet binds himself to it for good. **雲漢** yúnhàn: the Milky Way, where the three will meet again, away in the sky. The rhyme changes at the ninth line, where the third stanza of Giles begins.

# Stop-short {style="en" kicker="Du Fu · 712–770"}

:::verse{style="verse"}
White gleam the gulls across the darkling tide,
  On the green hills the red flowers seem to burn;
Alas! I see another spring has died….
  When will it come—the day of my return?
:::

# 絕句 {style="zh" poet="〔唐〕杜甫" name="杜甫"}

:::paragraphs{style="shi"}
江碧鳥逾白，山青花欲燃。[^yu]

今春看又過，何日是歸年。[^guinian]
:::

[^yu]: **逾** yú, all the more: against the green of the river the birds look whiter still. **欲燃** yù rán, about to catch fire: the red of the flowers, which in Giles seem to burn.

[^guinian]: **歸年** guī nián, the year of going home. Du Fu wrote this quatrain, the second of a pair, in the spring of 764 at Chengdu, where the war in the north had driven him.

# The Bamboo Lodge {style="en" kicker="Wang Wei · 701–761"}

:::verse{style="verse"}
Beneath the bamboo grove, alone,
  I seize my lute and sit and croon;
No ear to hear me, save mine own:
  No eye to see me—save the moon.
:::

# 竹里館 {style="zh" poet="〔唐〕王維" name="王維"}

:::paragraphs{style="shi"}
獨坐幽篁裏，彈琴復長嘯。[^huang]

深林人不知，明月來相照。
:::

[^huang]: **幽篁** yōuhuáng: a deep, dark grove of bamboo. **長嘯** cháng xiào: a long whistle through pursed lips, the art of recluses; in Giles the poet croons. The Bamboo Lodge was one of twenty places on the estate of Wang Wei at Wangchuan, south-east of the Tang capital, and he gave each of them a quatrain in 輞川集, the Wangchuan collection.

# A note on the text {style="en" kicker="About this edition"}

:::paragraphs{style="prose"}
The Chinese poems follow *Three Hundred Tang Poems*, the anthology Sun Zhu compiled in 1763 under the name Hengtang Tuishi, except Du Fu’s quatrain, which is not in it and is printed as the *Complete Tang Poems* of 1705 gives it. All four are taken from Wikisource in traditional characters, with the old forms of some characters as found there.

The English verse is Herbert A. Giles’s, as he printed it in *A History of Chinese Literature* (1901), where the poems have no titles; the English titles are this edition’s. Giles wrote Li Po and Tu Fu for Li Bai and Du Fu, and called the four-line *jueju* a “stop-short”, which gives Du Fu’s poem its English name. His rhymes, indents and punctuation are kept; the moonlight poem, which his book printed in half-lines, is set here in whole lines.

Each Chinese poem is set two lines of verse to a row, so that every row faces the two lines of English that render it. The space between the stanzas of the moonlight poem is the editor’s, added on both pages.
:::

:::paragraphs{style="colophon"}
Set in Noto Serif TC, LXGW WenKai TC and Noto Sans TC for the Chinese, Source Serif 4 and Source Sans 3 for the English, all under the SIL Open Font License · Chinese text: Wikisource · English verse: H. A. Giles, *A History of Chinese Literature*, 1901, Project Gutenberg eBook 43711
:::
`; // content.<lang>.md, inlined by the Cookbook

// ─── 3 · Fonts ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const FONTS = { // every face the pages use, loaded before the build
  'Noto Serif TC': ['400', '700', '900'], // SERIF: the notes; the titles; 唐詩
  'LXGW WenKai TC': ['400'], // KAI: the poems and the seal
  'Noto Sans TC': ['400'], // HEI: the poet lines, the recto's head
  'Source Serif 4': ['400', '400i'], // ROMAN: the verse, the titles, the note on the text
  'Source Sans 3': ['400', '400i', '600'], // LABEL: kickers, the verso's head, folios, colophon
};

// ─── 4 · Build & show ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// #region voices: each Chinese face loads the files of the characters it sets
const grab = (re) => (markdown.match(re) ?? []).join('');
// Each poem to its closing `:::` (not the `:::space` between stanzas), then the note numbers.
const poems = grab(/:::paragraphs\{style="shi"\}[\s\S]*?\n:::(?=\n|$)/g) + '①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩';
await loadFonts(FONTS, markdown);
await Promise.all([
  loadCjkFonts({ [SERIF]: ['400'] }, markdown + poems), // the notes and their ①, the heading blocks
  loadCjkFonts({ [SERIF]: ['700'] }, grab(/^# \S+(?= \{style="zh")|\*\*[^*]+\*\*/gm)),
  loadCjkFonts({ [SERIF]: ['900'] }, grab(/^# \S+(?= \{style="title")/gm)),
  loadCjkFonts({ [KAI]: ['400'] }, `${poems}明月`),
  loadCjkFonts({ [HEI]: ['400'] }, grab(/(?<=(?:poet|name)=")[^"]*/g)),
]);
// #endregion
const doc = await withLoadedFonts(
  () => buildDocument({ markdown }, config()),
  { ...kitFonts(FONTS), text: markdown });
showPages(doc, { title: t({ en: 'Tang poems facing their English verse',
  es: 'Poemas Tang frente a su versión inglesa' }) });
offerPdf(() => renderToPdf(doc, { fontProvider: cjkPdfProvider }), `${RECIPE}.pdf`);

Kit · core, fonts, viewer, pdf, cjk: uguale in ogni ricetta · 458 righe
// ─── Kit ── helpers shared by every Cookbook recipe · postext.dev/cookbook ─────

// ─── Kit · core v1 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
function mm(value) { return { value, unit: 'mm' }; }
function pt(value) { return { value, unit: 'pt' }; }
function em(value) { return { value, unit: 'em' }; }
/** The sample language's string: t({ en: 'Figure', es: 'Figura' }). */
function t(strings) { return strings[LANG] ?? Object.values(strings)[0]; }
/** A file in this recipe's assets folder, served from the Postext repo by jsDelivr. */
function asset(file) { return `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/drnachio/postext@main/cookbook/${RECIPE}/assets/${file}`; }

// ─── Kit · fonts v3 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
// Postext loads the faces a config asks for before layout (prepareFonts,
// buildDocumentWithFonts) and asks the kit for the files: Fontsource's, the
// files the PDF embeds too.

/** The options of buildDocumentWithFonts / prepareFonts / withLoadedFonts:
 *  the Fontsource resolver, and the faces of FONTS loaded with the ones the
 *  config names. FONTS = { 'Family Name': ['400', '400i', '700'] }. */
function kitFonts(FONTS = {}) {
  const faces = Object.entries(FONTS).flatMap(([family, specs]) => specs.map((spec) =>
    ({ family, weight: parseInt(spec, 10), style: spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal' })));
  return { resolve: fontsourceResolver, faces };
}

/** A face's Fontsource files, in a fixed order: latin, then latin-ext and greek
 *  when `text` needs them and the family ships them (kitSubsetsFor), each with
 *  its unicode-range. Null for a weight or slant Fontsource does not ship. */
async function fontsourceResolver(family, weight, style, { text = '' } = {}) {
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  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  if (meta && !(meta.weights.includes(weight) && meta.styles.includes(style))) return null;
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  const at = await fontsourceAt(id);
  return ['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)].map((subset) => ({
    source: `${at}files/${id}-${subset}-${weight}-${style}.woff2`,
    unicodeRange: kitRanges()[subset],
  }));
}

/** The unicode-range of each Fontsource file the kit loads (a function: the
 *  kit is inlined after the pen's code, which runs before a const would be set). */
function kitRanges() {
  return {
    latin: 'U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,'
      + 'U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD',
    'latin-ext': 'U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,'
      + 'U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF',
    greek: 'U+0370-03FF',
  };
}

/** For the cjk, arabic and comics blocks, which add their own files: the
 *  faces of `faces` = { 'Family Name': ['400', '400i', '700'] }. `text` is the sample:
 *  č ł † α χ also load latin-ext and greek files (kitSubsetsFor). With
 *  `optional`, a face Fontsource does not ship is skipped instead of failing.
 *  The files are added once all have loaded, in the order asked (latin, then
 *  latin-ext, then greek), whatever order they arrive in: the last one added
 *  wins a character two files hold. Resolves to the number of faces added. */
async function loadFonts(faces, text = '', { optional = false } = {}) {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  const ranges = kitRanges();
  const jobs = [];
  for (const [family, specs] of Object.entries(faces)) {
    const id = fontsourceId(family);
    const todo = [...new Set(specs)].map((spec) => [parseInt(spec, 10), spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal'])
      .filter(([weight, style]) => !hasFace(family, weight, style)); // before any await
    const at = fontsourceAt(id);
    const meta = optional || /[^\0-ÿ]/u.test(text) ? await fontsourceMeta(family) : null;
    const subsets = ['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)];
    for (const [weight, style] of todo) {
      if (optional && !(meta?.weights.includes(weight) && meta.styles.includes(style))) continue;
      for (const subset of subsets) {
        const url = `${await at}files/${id}-${subset}-${weight}-${style}.woff2`;
        const face = new FontFace(family, `url(${url}) format('woff2')`,
          { weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: ranges[subset] });
        jobs.push(face.load().catch(() => {
          if (subset === 'latin' && !optional) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${weight} ${style}`);
        }));
      }
    }
  }
  const ready = await Promise.all(jobs).catch((error) => { kitFail(error); throw error; });
  return ready.filter((face) => face && document.fonts.add(face)).length;
}

/** A loaded FontFace covers this family, weight and style (fonts.check() would
 *  also say yes for families nobody declared). */
function hasFace(family, weight, style) {
  for (const face of document.fonts) {
    if (face.status !== 'loaded' || face.style !== style) continue;
    if (face.family.replace(/^["']|["']$/g, '') !== family) continue;
    const [low, high = low] = face.weight.split(' ').map(Number);
    if (weight >= low && weight <= high) return true;
  }
  return false;
}

/** The files beyond latin `text` needs that `meta`'s family ships. */
function kitSubsetsFor(text, meta) {
  return [[/[Ā-˿ᴀ-ᶿḀ-ỿ†ℓⱠ-Ɀ꜠-ꟿ]/u, 'latin-ext'], [/[Ͱ-Ͽ]/u, 'greek']]
    .filter(([re, x]) => re.test(text) && meta?.subsets?.includes(x)).map(([, x]) => x);
}

/** Fontsource's id for a family: 'Source Serif 4' → 'source-serif-4'. */
function fontsourceId(family) { return family.toLowerCase().replace(/\s+/g, '-'); }

/** A package's folder at the one version @5 names now (#766). */
function fontsourceAt(id, u = `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fontsource/${id}@`) {
  return (fontsourceAt.c ??= {})[id] ??= fetch(u + '5/package.json').then((r) => r.json())
    .then((p) => p.version || 5, () => 5).then((v) => `${u}${v}/`);
}

/** The family's Fontsource metadata (weights, styles, subsets), or null. */
function fontsourceMeta(family) {
  fontsourceMeta.cache ??= new Map();
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  if (!fontsourceMeta.cache.has(id)) {
    fontsourceMeta.cache.set(id, fetch(`https://api.fontsource.org/v1/fonts/${id}`)
      .then((res) => (res.ok ? res.json() : null), () => null));
  }
  return fontsourceMeta.cache.get(id);
}

// ─── Kit · viewer v2 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
/** The pages as spreads on a dark desk, page 1 alone, then verso | recto,
 *  each painted when it scrolls near. Other options go to renderPageToCanvas. */
function showPages(docs, { title, width = 460, ...render } = {}) {
  const root = viewer(title);
  const pages = [docs].flat().flatMap((doc) =>
    doc.pages.map((page) => ({ doc, page, n: (doc.pageIndexOffset ?? 0) + page.index })));
  const spreads = [];
  let verso = null;
  for (const p of pages) {
    if (p.n % 2 === 1) { if (verso) spreads.push([verso, null]); verso = p; }
    else { spreads.push([verso, p]); verso = null; }
  }
  if (verso) spreads.push([verso, null]);
  const density = Math.min(window.devicePixelRatio || 1, 2);
  showPages.painter?.disconnect();
  const painter = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {
    for (const { isIntersecting, target } of entries) {
      if (!isIntersecting) continue;
      painter.unobserve(target);
      const { doc, page } = target.postext;
      renderPageToCanvas(page, doc, target, { ...render, scale: (width * density) / page.width });
    }
  }, { rootMargin: '800px' });
  showPages.painter = painter;
  root.replaceChildren(...spreads.map((pair) => {
    const spread = document.createElement('div');
    spread.className = 'pt-spread';
    for (const p of pair) {
      const figure = document.createElement('figure');
      if (p) {
        const label = p.page.pageLabel || String(p.n + 1);
        const canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
        canvas.postext = p;
        canvas.style.aspectRatio = `${p.page.width} / ${p.page.height}`;
        canvas.setAttribute('role', 'img');
        canvas.setAttribute('aria-label', `Page ${label}`);
        const folio = document.createElement('figcaption');
        folio.textContent = label;
        figure.append(canvas, folio);
        painter.observe(canvas);
      } else figure.className = 'pt-blank';
      spread.append(figure);
    }
    return spread;
  }));
  kitStatus(`${pages.length} ${pages.length === 1 ? 'page' : 'pages'}`);
  document.documentElement.dataset.postext = 'ready';
  return pages.length;
}

/** The desk, the bar and the error reporting, created once. */
function viewer(title) {
  if (!document.getElementById('pt-kit')) {
    document.head.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', `<style id="pt-kit">
      :root { color-scheme: dark; }
      body { margin: 0; background: #0e1014; color: #b9bcc4; font: 13px/1.45 system-ui, sans-serif; }
      #pt-bar { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 1; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center;
        gap: 6px 16px; padding: 10px 16px; background: rgb(14 16 20 / .92); backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
        border-bottom: 1px solid #23262d; }
      #pt-bar strong { color: #f4f1ea; font-weight: 600; }
      #pt-actions { display: flex; gap: 12px; margin-left: auto; }
      #pt-actions a, #pt-actions button { color: #d8a21a; font: inherit; background: none; border: 0; padding: 0; cursor: pointer; }
      #pages { display: grid; justify-items: center; gap: 48px; padding: 32px 16px 72px; }
      .pt-spread { display: flex; }
      .pt-spread figure { margin: 0; width: min(460px, 44vw); }
      .pt-spread canvas { display: block; width: 100%; background: #fff;
        box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
      .pt-spread figure:first-child canvas { box-shadow: inset -14px 0 14px -14px rgb(0 0 0 / .18), 0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
      .pt-spread figcaption { margin-top: 10px; text-align: center; font: 600 10px/1 system-ui, sans-serif;
        letter-spacing: .18em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #6c7079; }
      .pt-blank { visibility: hidden; }
      @media (max-width: 760px) {
        .pt-spread { flex-direction: column; gap: 32px; }
        .pt-spread figure { width: min(460px, 92vw); }
        .pt-blank { display: none; }
      }
    </style>`);
    document.body.insertAdjacentHTML('afterbegin',
      '<header id="pt-bar"><strong id="pt-title"></strong><span id="pt-status" role="status"></span><span id="pt-actions"></span></header>');
    document.getElementById('pt-title').textContent = document.title || 'Postext';
    addEventListener('error', (event) => kitFail(event.error ?? event.message));
    addEventListener('unhandledrejection', (event) => kitFail(event.reason));
  }
  if (title) document.getElementById('pt-title').textContent = title;
  return document.getElementById('pages')
    ?? document.body.appendChild(Object.assign(document.createElement('main'), { id: 'pages' }));
}

function kitStatus(text) {
  viewer();
  document.getElementById('pt-status').textContent = text;
}

function kitFail(error) {
  document.documentElement.dataset.postext = 'error';
  kitStatus(`Error: ${error?.message ?? error}`);
}

// ─── Kit · pdf v3 ── the same in every recipe that exports a PDF
/** The Fontsource files the screen used, as TrueType, with their range and
 *  place: the nearest weight the family ships, upright with no italic;
 *  latin, then what its letters need (kitSubsetsFor). */
async function fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style, request) {
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const weights = meta?.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const s = style === 'italic' && meta && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const text = String.fromCodePoint(...(request?.codePoints ?? []));
  const files = await Promise.all(['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)].map(async (subset, order) => {
    const res = await fetch(`${await fontsourceAt(id)}files/${id}-${subset}-${w}-${s}.woff2`);
    if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${w} ${s} ${subset}`);
    return Object.assign(await decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer())),
      { unicodeRange: kitRanges()[subset], order });
  }));
  return files.length === 1 ? files[0] : files;
}

/** A "Build the PDF" button; then "Open the PDF" (a new tab: CodePen's frame
 *  shows no PDFs) and a download link. */
function offerPdf(makePdf, filename) {
  viewer();
  const button = Object.assign(document.createElement('button'), { type: 'button', textContent: 'Build the PDF' });
  button.dataset.postextPdf = filename;
  button.addEventListener('click', async () => {
    button.disabled = true;
    button.textContent = 'Building the PDF…';
    try {
      const bytes = await makePdf();
      const url = URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([bytes], { type: 'application/pdf' }));
      const size = `${Math.max(1, Math.round(bytes.length / 1024))} KB`;
      button.replaceWith(
        Object.assign(document.createElement('a'), { href: url, target: '_blank', rel: 'noopener', textContent: 'Open the PDF ↗' }),
        Object.assign(document.createElement('a'), { href: url, download: filename, textContent: `Download ${filename} · ${size}` }));
    } catch (error) {
      button.disabled = false;
      button.textContent = 'Build the PDF';
      kitFail(error);
    }
  });
  document.getElementById('pt-actions').append(button);
}

// ─── Kit · cjk v2 ── Chinese, Japanese and Korean books · postext.dev/cookbook
// Fontsource ships a CJK family as about a hundred files per weight, each
// declared in its stylesheet with the unicode-range it covers. The screen
// loads the files the sample touches; the PDF gets the same files for the
// characters its pages set in each face, and embeds each as a subset.
// A book bound on the right (vertical text) is shown with its spreads
// mirrored: page 1 alone on the left of the spine, then [3 | 2].

/** The files of a Fontsource face, read from its stylesheet: { url, range,
 *  ranges }, the last declared first (the order the browser tries them in). */
function cjkSlices(family, weight, style) {
  cjkSlices.cache ??= new Map();
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const css = `${id}/${weight}${style === 'italic' ? '-italic' : ''}.css`;
  if (!cjkSlices.cache.has(css)) {
    let at;
    cjkSlices.cache.set(css, fontsourceAt(id).then((a) => fetch(at = a + css.slice(id.length + 1)))
      .then((res) => {
        if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${weight} ${style} (${res.status})`);
        return res.text();
      })
      .then((text) => [...text.matchAll(/@font-face\s*{([^}]*)}/g)].map(([, rule]) => {
        const range = /unicode-range:\s*([^;]+);/.exec(rule)?.[1].trim() ?? 'U+0-10FFFF';
        const ranges = range.split(',').map((part) => {
          const [lo, hi = lo] = part.trim().slice(2).split('-');
          return [parseInt(lo, 16), parseInt(hi, 16)];
        });
        return { url: new URL(/url\(([^)]+?\.woff2)\)/.exec(rule)[1], at).href, range, ranges };
      }).reverse()));
  }
  return cjkSlices.cache.get(css);
}

/** The file of `slices` the screen sets code point `cp` in, if any: the
 *  last one loadCjkFonts adds whose range holds it. A numbered file that
 *  repeats a letter of latin is added after latin, and wins it. */
function cjkSliceFor(slices, cp) {
  const holds = (slice) => slice.ranges.some(([lo, hi]) => cp >= lo && cp <= hi);
  return slices.reduce((last, slice) => (holds(slice) ? slice : last), undefined);
}

/** Whether Fontsource serves `family` as a Chinese, Japanese or Korean
 *  family (its subsets name the script). Fails when the API does not
 *  answer: a CJK face taken for a Latin one would paint in a system face. */
async function isCjkFamily(family) {
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  if (!meta) throw new Error(`api.fontsource.org did not describe ${family}: reload to try again`);
  return !!meta.subsets?.some((subset) => /^(chinese|japanese|korean)/.test(subset));
}

/** faces = { 'Noto Serif TC': ['400', '700'] }, as for loadFonts: the
 *  whole FONTS object may be passed, its other families are left to
 *  loadFonts. Adds one FontFace per file of each CJK face with its
 *  unicodeRange, then loads the files `text` touches. `text` is what the
 *  faces set: the sample for the text face; a book in several voices calls
 *  it once per voice (loadCjkFonts({ 'LXGW WenKai TC': ['400'] }, quotes)),
 *  so the heading and quotation faces fetch and check only their own
 *  characters. Fails when a character of `text` is in no file of a face.
 *  List every weight the pages use: a weight left to the engine's later round
 *  gets the latin file only. With { vertical: true } it also loads each
 *  family's vertical forms (brackets, quotes, pause marks) for the canvas,
 *  which needs loadVerticalAlternates imported from postext. Resolves to
 *  the number of files loaded. */
async function loadCjkFonts(faces, text, { vertical = false } = {}) {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  let loaded = 0;
  try {
    if (vertical && typeof loadVerticalAlternates !== 'function') {
      throw new Error('loadCjkFonts(…, { vertical: true }) needs loadVerticalAlternates imported from postext');
    }
    for (const [family, specs] of Object.entries(faces)) {
      if (!(await isCjkFamily(family))) continue;
      const twin = [];
      for (const spec of new Set(specs)) {
        const weight = parseInt(spec, 10);
        const style = spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal';
        const slices = await cjkSlices(family, weight, style);
        const missing = [...new Set(text)].filter((ch) => /\S/.test(ch) && !cjkSliceFor(slices, ch.codePointAt(0)));
        if (missing.length) {
          throw new Error(`${family} ${spec} has no file for ${missing.slice(0, 12).join(' ')}: `
            + `give each face the text it sets (loadCjkFonts({ '${family}': ['${spec}'] }, text))`);
        }
        for (const slice of slices) {
          document.fonts.add(new FontFace(family, `url(${slice.url}) format('woff2')`,
            { weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: slice.range }));
          twin.push({ source: slice.url, weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: slice.range });
        }
        const font = `${style === 'italic' ? 'italic ' : ''}${weight} 16px "${family}"`;
        loaded += (await document.fonts.load(font, text)).length;
        if (!document.fonts.check(font, text)) throw new Error(`${family} ${spec} did not load for the sample`);
      }
      // The same files under a twin name with the `vert` feature on: the
      // canvas paints the punctuation of vertical lines with it.
      if (vertical && twin.length) await loadVerticalAlternates(family, twin);
    }
  } catch (error) {
    kitFail(error);
    throw error;
  }
  return loaded;
}

/** The PDF font provider for recipes with CJK faces: a family whose
 *  Fontsource subsets are Chinese, Japanese or Korean gets the files the
 *  screen set its pages' characters in (`request.codePoints`), each marked
 *  with its unicode-range and its place in the order loadCjkFonts added
 *  them: postext-pdf sets a character two files hold in the one added
 *  last, as the browser does. Any other family gets the latin file
 *  fontsourceProvider fetches (the "pdf" block) and, when the face sets
 *  letters only latin-ext has, that file too. */
async function cjkPdfProvider(family, weight, style, request) {
  if (!(await isCjkFamily(family))) return cjkLatinPdfFiles(family, weight, style, request);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const weights = meta.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const s = style === 'italic' && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const slices = await cjkSlices(family, w, s);
  const picked = new Set();
  for (const cp of request?.codePoints ?? []) {
    const slice = cjkSliceFor(slices, cp);
    if (slice) picked.add(slice);
  }
  if (!picked.size) picked.add(slices[0]);
  return Promise.all(slices.map(async (slice, order) => {
    if (!picked.has(slice)) return null;
    const res = await fetch(slice.url);
    if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource file ${slice.url} (${res.status})`);
    const bytes = await decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer()));
    return Object.assign(bytes, { unicodeRange: slice.range, order });
  })).then((files) => files.filter(Boolean));
}

/** A Latin family set next to the CJK faces: its latin file, then its
 *  latin-ext file when the face sets letters only latin-ext has (ō ū in
 *  Hepburn rōmaji, ǎ in pinyin), the file loadFonts adds on screen for
 *  them, each marked with its unicode-range and its place in that order:
 *  the PDF sets a character in the file the browser took it from. A face
 *  Fontsource ships without latin-ext, or whose file does not come, gets
 *  latin alone, and the PDF names the letters it lacks. */
async function cjkLatinPdfFiles(family, weight, style, request) {
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const beyond = [...(request?.codePoints ?? [])].some(cjkLatinExtOnly);
  if (!beyond || !meta?.subsets?.includes('latin-ext')) return fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style);
  const weights = meta.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const s = style === 'italic' && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const url = `${await fontsourceAt(id)}files/${id}-latin-ext-${w}-${s}.woff2`;
  const [latin, ext] = await Promise.all([fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style), fetch(url)
    .then(async (res) => (res.ok ? decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer())) : null), () => null)]);
  const ranges = kitRanges();
  return ext ? [Object.assign(latin, { unicodeRange: ranges.latin, order: 0 }),
    Object.assign(ext, { unicodeRange: ranges['latin-ext'], order: 1 })] : latin;
}

/** Whether code point `cp` is in Fontsource's latin-ext file and not in
 *  its latin file: Latin Extended-A and -B, IPA, the spacing modifiers and
 *  Latin Extended Additional (loadFonts's test for latin-ext), less the
 *  few latin holds too (ı Œ œ ʻ ʼ ˆ ˚ ˜). */
function cjkLatinExtOnly(cp) {
  if (!((cp >= 0x100 && cp <= 0x2ff) || (cp >= 0x1e00 && cp <= 0x1eff))) return false;
  return ![0x131, 0x152, 0x153, 0x2bb, 0x2bc, 0x2c6, 0x2da, 0x2dc].includes(cp);
}

/** showPages for a book bound on either edge. A right-bound book (the
 *  document says so: doc.binding is 'right' for page.binding 'right' and
 *  for vertical text) lies on the desk as it opens: page 1 alone on the
 *  left of the spine, then [3 | 2], the spine shade on each page's inner
 *  edge. `binding` ('left' | 'right') overrides the document's. */
function showBook(docs, { binding, ...options } = {}) {
  const count = showPages(docs, options);
  const right = (binding ?? [docs].flat()[0]?.binding) === 'right';
  if (!document.getElementById('pt-kit-cjk')) {
    // The pages keep direction ltr: a canvas draws text in the direction its
    // element inherits, and under rtl each run would end where the engine
    // starts it, its brackets mirrored.
    document.head.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', `<style id="pt-kit-cjk">
      .pt-spread[dir="rtl"] canvas { direction: ltr; }
      .pt-spread[dir="rtl"] figure:first-child canvas { box-shadow: inset 14px 0 14px -14px rgb(0 0 0 / .18),
        0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
    </style>`);
  }
  // Each pair stays [verso, recto] in the page; right to left, the verso
  // sits on the right. Phones stack the pages in reading order either way.
  for (const spread of document.querySelectorAll('#pages > .pt-spread')) spread.dir = right ? 'rtl' : 'ltr';
  document.getElementById('pages').dataset.binding = right ? 'right' : 'left';
  return count;
}

// ─── /Kit ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────