In breve

Una pagina di un album a fumetti europeo, con le parole del narratore in riquadri gialli e i dialoghi nei balloon, scritta in testo semplice e disegnata da Postext in dieci lingue.

Che cosa comporrai

La prima storia di un album a fumetti spagnolo, Le arance di Carmen: una pagina del titolo sul verso e, di fronte, una tavola di sette vignette su quattro strisce, come si disegnano gli album franco-belgi. Lola, nove anni, e il nonno Paco vanno al mercato la domenica; lei tira fuori l’arancia in fondo alla piramide di Carmen. I disegni sono in linea chiara a tinte piatte; le cornici sono sottili e squadrate, la narrazione sta in riquadri gialli incastrati negli angoli delle vignette, e i dialoghi sono scritti in maiuscolo e minuscolo, come li scrivono i letteristi europei. Il testo vive nel Markdown, un file per lingua: l’originale spagnolo, poi inglese, catalano, cinese, arabo, giapponese, portoghese, francese, tedesco e italiano, ciascuno letterato dal motore sulla stessa suddivisione e sugli stessi disegni.

Questa ricetta risponde a

Come compongo una pagina di album europeo con didascalie di narrazione?
Come scrivo le nuvolette in Markdown?

La risposta breve

script.js · righe 42–66nel codice completo

const comics = {
  gutter: { horizontal: mm(4.5), vertical: mm(3.5) }, // between tiers, between panels
  panel: { borderWidth: pt(0.75), borderColor: col('ink'), background: col('paper') },
  panelStyles: [{ id: 'open', borderStyle: 'none' }], // the last panel: an epilogue, unframed
  lettering: { fontFamily: LETTER, fontSize: pt(LATIN ? 9 : 8), lineHeight: 1.1,
    color: col('ink'), textTransform: 'none' }, // European letterers write in mixed case
  balloonStyles: [
    { id: 'speech', fill: col('balloon'), stroke: col('ink'), strokeWidth: pt(0.6) },
    // Narration: rectangles butted into a corner of the panel, never with a tail.
    { id: 'caption', fill: col('cartouche'), stroke: col('ink'), strokeWidth: pt(0.6),
      padding: em(0.45), aspect: 3.4 },
    { id: 'shout', fill: col('balloon'), stroke: col('ink'), burstPoints: 16, fontScale: 1.2 },
    { id: 'thought', fill: col('balloon'), stroke: col('ink') },
    { id: 'sfx', fontFamily: DISPLAY, color: col('orange'), halo: pt(1.6), haloColor: col('ink'),
      fontScale: 2.8 },
  ],
  cast: [ // names for the tagged PDF and EPUB, which read the balloons aloud
    { id: 'lola', name: 'Lola' },
    { id: 'paco', name: t({ es: 'el abuelo Paco', en: 'Grandpa Paco', ca: "l'avi Paco",
      zh: '帕科爷爷', ar: 'الجد باكو', ja: 'パコおじいちゃん', pt: 'o vovô Paco',
      fr: 'Papi Paco', de: 'Opa Paco', it: 'nonno Paco' }) },
    { id: 'carmen', name: 'Carmen' },
  ],
  runningHeads: true, // the folio prints on the comic page too
};

Ingredienti

Funzionalità: Bordi e spazi delle vignette Stili delle nuvolette Divisione in vignette Disegni nelle vignette e ritagli Parlanti e ancoraggi Pagine a fumetti Lettering dei fumetti Rifare il lettering in altre lingue Stili di titolo Aperture progettate Immagini nei progetti di pagina Tavolozza di colori semantica Pagine su un canvas Esportazione in PDF
Usa anche: Attributi dei titoli Colore della carta Testatine secondo il ruolo della pagina Stili di paragrafo Font incorporati nel PDF Figure e tabelle come risorse Effetti sonori Capitoli non numerati
Tipo: Patrick Hand, Bangers, Noto Sans SC, ZCOOL KuaiLe, Zen Antique, Dela Gothic One, Playpen Sans Arabic, Lalezar (SIL OFL 1.1)
Risorse: t1.jpg
t2.jpg
t3.jpg
t4.jpg
t5.jpg
t6.jpg
t7.jpg
A sunny Sunday in Madrid: an iron-and-glass market hall on a plaza with shoppers and pigeons. (Generated With Diffusion Models, originale)
Inside the market, Lola pulls her grandfather Paco by the hand, pointing ahead between the stalls. (Generated With Diffusion Models, originale)
Lola gazes up at a towering pyramid of oranges while Carmen, the fruit seller, polishes an orange. (Generated With Diffusion Models, originale)
Lola reaches for an orange at the bottom of the pile; Paco, alarmed, raises a hand to stop her. (Generated With Diffusion Models, originale)
The orange pyramid collapses: oranges roll everywhere, Paco's beret flies off, Carmen throws up her hands, pigeons scatter. (Generated With Diffusion Models, originale)
Lola, Paco and Carmen kneel to gather the oranges into the beret and the apron, laughing; a pigeon pecks one. (Generated With Diffusion Models, originale)
On a park bench, Lola and Paco peel oranges and laugh; a pigeon sits on Paco's beret. (Generated With Diffusion Models, originale)
API: buildDocumentdecompressWoff2registerResourceImagerenderPageToCanvasrenderToPdfwithLoadedFonts

Preparazione

#1 · L’aspetto dell’album è una configurazione comics

Il codice è nella risposta breve qui sopra. comics.panel imposta ogni cornice (un filo d’inchiostro di 0,75 pt, angoli vivi) e panelStyles aggiunge uno stile con nome senza bordo, che l’ultima vignetta prende con style=open: un epilogo su una panchina del parco, fuori dal mercato. Gli stili di balloon predefiniti si ridisegnano per id: caption diventa un riquadro giallo pallido con un contorno sottile, shout un’esplosione a sedici punte, sfx l’arancione delle arance con un contorno d’inchiostro. Il lettering mantiene textTransform: 'none'; una tavola americana lo imposterebbe su 'uppercase'.

La tavola in sé è una sola direttiva nel contenuto, un albero di suddivisione e sette vignette, ciascuna con la sua sceneggiatura:

:::page{split="25 [60 | *] / 25 [55 | *] / 24 / * [50 | *]"}
::panel{art=t1}
caption: Los domingos, el abuelo Paco y yo íbamos al mercado.
caption{at=bottom-end}: Siempre a la misma hora. Siempre por la misma puerta.
::panel{art=t4}
lola{thought}: La de abajo es la más gorda.
paco{shout}: ¡Lola, esa no!

caption è un riquadro di narrazione (il primo va nell’angolo top-start), {at=bottom-end} manda il secondo nell’angolo opposto, e un id di personaggio come lola o paco disegna un balloon con la coda verso la bocca che il disegno dichiara.

#2 · I disegni portano con sé i personaggi

script.js · righe 163–337nel codice completo

const box = ([x, y, width, height]) => ({ x, y, width, height });
const who = (id, x, y, head, face) => ({ id, x, y,
  ...(head && { head: { x: head[0], y: head[1] } }), ...(face && { face: box(face) }) });
const ART = {
  t1: { width: 1100, height: 733, safeArea: box([.22, .17, .62, .6]),
    alt: t({ en: 'A sunny Sunday in Madrid: an iron-and-glass market hall on a plaza with shoppers '
        + 'and pigeons.',
      es: 'Un domingo de sol en Madrid: un mercado de hierro y cristal en una plaza, con gente de '
        + 'compras y palomas.',
      ca: 'Un diumenge de sol a Madrid: un mercat de ferro i vidre en una plaça, amb gent '
        + 'comprant i coloms.',
      zh: '马德里一个晴朗的星期天：广场上一座铁架玻璃顶的市场，有买菜的人和鸽子。',
      ar: 'يوم أحد مشمس في مدريد: سوق من الحديد والزجاج في ساحة، فيها متسوّقون وحمام.',
      ja: '晴れた日曜日のマドリード。広場に鉄とガラスの市場が建ち、買い物客とハトがいる。',
      pt: 'Um domingo de sol em Madri: um mercado de ferro e vidro numa praça, com gente fazendo '
        + 'compras e pombos.',
      fr: 'Un dimanche ensoleillé à Madrid : une halle de fer et de verre sur une place, avec des '
        + 'passants qui font leurs courses et des pigeons.',
      de: 'Ein sonniger Sonntag in Madrid: eine Markthalle aus Eisen und Glas an einem Platz, mit '
        + 'Leuten beim Einkaufen und Tauben.',
      it: 'Una domenica di sole a Madrid: un mercato coperto di ferro e vetro in una piazza, '
        + 'con gente che fa la spesa e piccioni.' }),
  },
  t2: { width: 1000, height: 1000, safeArea: box([.2, .13, .71, .46]),
    alt: t({ en: 'Inside the market, Lola pulls her grandfather Paco by the hand, pointing ahead '
        + 'between the stalls.',
      es: 'Dentro del mercado, Lola tira de la mano de su abuelo Paco y señala adelante, entre '
        + 'los puestos.',
      ca: 'Dins del mercat, la Lola estira el seu avi Paco de la mà i assenyala endavant, entre '
        + 'les parades.',
      zh: '市场里，萝拉拉着爷爷帕科的手，指着摊位之间的前方。',
      ar: 'داخل السوق تشدّ لولا جدّها باكو من يده وتشير إلى الأمام بين الأكشاك.',
      ja: '市場の中、ローラが祖父パコの手を引き、売り場のあいだの先を指さしている。',
      pt: 'Dentro do mercado, Lola puxa o avô Paco pela mão e aponta adiante, entre as '
        + 'bancas.',
      fr: 'Dans le marché, Lola tire son grand-père Paco par la main et montre du doigt les étals, '
        + 'devant eux.',
      de: 'In der Markthalle zieht Lola ihren Großvater Paco an der Hand und zeigt nach vorn, '
        + 'zwischen die Stände.',
      it: 'Dentro il mercato, Lola tira per mano il nonno Paco e indica davanti a sé, tra le '
        + 'bancarelle.' }),
    anchors: [
      who('paco', .315, .28, [.32, .2], [.22, .13, .17, .19]),
      who('lola', .7, .415, [.66, .33], [.6, .3, .17, .17]),
    ],
    avoid: [box([.82, .4, .1, .06])],
  },
  t3: { width: 1200, height: 800, safeArea: box([.13, .12, .79, .58]),
    alt: t({ en: 'Lola gazes up at a towering pyramid of oranges while Carmen, the fruit seller, '
        + 'polishes an orange.',
      es: 'Lola mira hacia arriba una pirámide altísima de naranjas mientras Carmen, la frutera, '
        + 'saca brillo a una naranja.',
      ca: 'La Lola mira amunt una piràmide altíssima de taronges mentre la Carmen, la fruitera, '
        + 'fa brillar una taronja.',
      zh: '萝拉仰头望着一座高高的橙子金字塔，水果摊主卡门正在擦亮一个橙子。',
      ar: 'لولا تنظر إلى هرم عالٍ من البرتقال، بينما كارمن بائعة الفاكهة تلمّع برتقالة.',
      ja: 'ローラがそびえるオレンジのピラミッドを見上げ、果物屋のカルメンはオレンジをみがいている。',
      pt: 'Lola olha para cima, para uma pirâmide altíssima de laranjas, enquanto Carmen, a '
        + 'feirante, lustra uma laranja.',
      fr: 'Lola lève les yeux vers une immense pyramide d’oranges pendant que Carmen, la '
        + 'marchande de fruits, fait briller une orange.',
      de: 'Lola blickt zu einer riesigen Orangenpyramide hinauf, während Carmen, die '
        + 'Obsthändlerin, eine Orange blank reibt.',
      it: 'Lola alza lo sguardo verso un’altissima piramide di arance, mentre Carmen, la '
        + 'fruttivendola, lucida un’arancia.' }),
    anchors: [
      who('lola', .235, .43, [.19, .36], [.14, .3, .13, .18]),
      who('carmen', .795, .27, [.8, .19], [.74, .12, .13, .19]),
    ],
    avoid: [box([.4, .2, .2, .15])],
  },
  t4: { width: 1152, height: 1152, safeArea: box([.08, .08, .76, .65]),
    alt: t({ en: 'Lola reaches for an orange at the bottom of the pile; Paco, alarmed, raises a '
        + 'hand to stop her.',
      es: 'Lola alarga la mano hacia una naranja de la base del montón; Paco, alarmado, levanta '
        + 'la mano para detenerla.',
      ca: 'La Lola allarga la mà cap a una taronja de la base de la pila; en Paco, alarmat, '
        + 'aixeca la mà per aturar-la.',
      zh: '萝拉伸手去拿最底下的一个橙子；帕科吓了一跳，举手想拦住她。',
      ar: 'لولا تمدّ يدها إلى برتقالة في أسفل الكومة، وباكو مذعورًا يرفع يده ليوقفها.',
      ja: 'ローラが山のいちばん下のオレンジに手をのばし、あわてたパコが止めようと手を上げる。',
      pt: 'Lola estica a mão para uma laranja da base da pilha; Paco, assustado, levanta a mão '
        + 'para impedi-la.',
      fr: 'Lola tend la main vers une orange tout en bas de la pile ; Paco, alarmé, lève la main '
        + 'pour l’arrêter.',
      de: 'Lola greift nach einer Orange ganz unten im Stapel; Paco hebt erschrocken die Hand, '
        + 'um sie aufzuhalten.',
      it: 'Lola allunga la mano verso un’arancia in fondo alla pila; Paco, allarmato, alza la '
        + 'mano per fermarla.' }),
    anchors: [
      who('paco', .31, .3, [.28, .17], [.17, .1, .2, .26]),
      who('lola', .635, .485, [.61, .38], [.48, .28, .27, .27]),
    ],
    // Lola's reaching arm and her hand on the orange: the thought balloon keeps off them.
    avoid: [box([.62, .58, .17, .22]), box([.7, .78, .15, .1]), box([.1, .36, .15, .19])],
  },
  t5: { width: 1100, height: 733, safeArea: box([.06, .16, .9, .41]),
    alt: t({ en: "The orange pyramid collapses: oranges roll everywhere, Paco's beret flies off, "
        + "Carmen throws up her hands, pigeons scatter.",
      es: 'La pirámide se derrumba: las naranjas ruedan por todas partes, la boina de Paco sale '
        + 'volando, Carmen levanta los brazos y las palomas huyen.',
      ca: 'La piràmide s’enfonsa: les taronges rodolen per tot arreu, la boina d’en Paco surt '
        + 'volant, la Carmen aixeca els braços i els coloms fugen.',
      zh: '橙子金字塔塌了：橙子滚得到处都是，帕科的贝雷帽飞了出去，卡门举起双手，鸽子四散飞走。',
      ar: 'ينهار هرم البرتقال: البرتقال يتدحرج في كل مكان، وقبعة باكو تطير، وكارمن ترفع يديها، '
        + 'والحمام يتفرّق.',
      ja: 'オレンジのピラミッドがくずれる。オレンジが転がり、パコのベレー帽が飛び、カルメンが両手を上げ、ハトが散る。',
      pt: 'A pirâmide de laranjas desaba: laranjas rolam por toda parte, a boina de Paco sai '
        + 'voando, Carmen ergue os braços e os pombos fogem.',
      fr: 'La pyramide d’oranges s’effondre : les oranges roulent partout, le béret de Paco '
        + 's’envole, Carmen lève les bras et les pigeons s’égaillent.',
      de: 'Die Orangenpyramide stürzt ein: Überall rollen Orangen, Pacos Baskenmütze fliegt '
        + 'davon, Carmen reißt die Arme hoch, und die Tauben flattern auf.',
      it: 'La piramide di arance crolla: le arance rotolano dappertutto, il basco di Paco vola '
        + 'via, Carmen alza le braccia e i piccioni si sparpagliano.' }),
    anchors: [
      who('lola', .15, .44, [.14, .37], [.08, .32, .12, .15]),
      who('paco', .34, .31, [.33, .27], [.27, .22, .12, .14]),
      who('carmen', .81, .37, [.8, .3], [.74, .22, .13, .18]),
      who('sfx', .55, .45),
    ],
    avoid: [box([.24, .12, .09, .1])],
  },
  t6: { width: 1200, height: 800, safeArea: box([.15, .1, .68, .58]),
    alt: t({ en: 'Lola, Paco and Carmen kneel to gather the oranges into the beret and the apron, '
        + 'laughing; a pigeon pecks one.',
      es: 'Lola, Paco y Carmen, de rodillas, recogen las naranjas en la boina y el delantal entre '
        + 'risas; una paloma picotea una.',
      ca: 'La Lola, en Paco i la Carmen, de genolls, recullen les taronges a la boina i al '
        + 'davantal entre rialles; un colom en picoteja una.',
      zh: '萝拉、帕科和卡门跪在地上，笑着把橙子捡进贝雷帽和围裙里；一只鸽子在啄一个橙子。',
      ar: 'لولا وباكو وكارمن جاثون يجمعون البرتقال في القبعة والمريلة وهم يضحكون، وحمامة تنقر '
        + 'واحدة.',
      ja: 'ローラとパコとカルメンがひざをつき、笑いながらオレンジをベレー帽とエプロンに集める。ハトが一つつついている。',
      pt: 'Lola, Paco e Carmen, de joelhos, juntam as laranjas na boina e no avental, rindo; um '
        + 'pombo bica uma delas.',
      fr: 'Lola, Paco et Carmen, à genoux, ramassent en riant les oranges dans le béret et le '
        + 'tablier ; un pigeon en picore une.',
      de: 'Lola, Paco und Carmen knien und sammeln lachend die Orangen in die Mütze und die '
        + 'Schürze; eine Taube pickt an einer.',
      it: 'Lola, Paco e Carmen, in ginocchio, raccolgono ridendo le arance nel basco e nel '
        + 'grembiule; un piccione ne becca una.' }),
    anchors: [
      who('lola', .245, .42, [.24, .33], [.17, .27, .14, .2]),
      who('paco', .49, .3, [.48, .22], [.42, .14, .14, .2]),
      who('carmen', .73, .28, [.73, .2], [.67, .12, .13, .19]),
    ],
    avoid: [box([.74, .75, .14, .2])],
  },
  t7: { width: 1300, height: 867, safeArea: box([.19, .17, .56, .58]),
    alt: t({ en: "On a park bench, Lola and Paco peel oranges and laugh; a pigeon sits on Paco's "
        + "beret.",
      es: 'En un banco del parque, Lola y Paco pelan naranjas y se ríen; una paloma se ha posado '
        + 'en la boina de Paco.',
      ca: 'En un banc del parc, la Lola i en Paco pelen taronges i riuen; un colom s’ha posat a '
        + 'la boina d’en Paco.',
      zh: '公园长椅上，萝拉和帕科剥着橙子笑着；一只鸽子停在帕科的贝雷帽上。',
      ar: 'على مقعد في الحديقة يقشّر لولا وباكو البرتقال ويضحكان، وحمامة تقف على قبعة باكو.',
      ja: '公園のベンチでローラとパコがオレンジをむいて笑っている。パコのベレー帽にハトがとまっている。',
      pt: 'Num banco de praça, Lola e Paco descascam laranjas e riem; um pombo pousou na boina '
        + 'de Paco.',
      fr: 'Sur un banc du parc, Lola et Paco épluchent des oranges en riant ; un pigeon s’est posé '
        + 'sur le béret de Paco.',
      de: 'Auf einer Parkbank schälen Lola und Paco Orangen und lachen; auf Pacos Mütze sitzt '
        + 'eine Taube.',
      it: 'Su una panchina del parco, Lola e Paco sbucciano arance ridendo; un piccione si è '
        + 'posato sul basco di Paco.' }),
    anchors: [
      who('lola', .32, .45, [.31, .35], [.24, .3, .15, .22]),
      who('paco', .6, .38, [.65, .25], [.54, .2, .19, .24]),
    ],
    avoid: [box([.6, .01, .13, .15])],
  },

};

Ogni disegno dichiara ciò che ogni ritaglio deve conservare (safeArea), dove si trovano bocca, testa e viso di ogni personaggio (anchors) e ciò che nessun balloon può coprire (avoid), tutto in frazioni del disegno. La vignetta dello scontro occupa la terza striscia, 200 mm per 63 mm, quindi la sua zona sicura è la fascia dei visi e delle arance in volo; le vignette quadrate perdono il pavimento. Niente qui dipende dalla lingua, quindi le dieci edizioni lo condividono.

#3 · Una pagina del titolo di fronte alla storia

script.js · righe 70–86nel codice completo

const centred = (id, y) => ({ anchor: { to: id, edge: 'below' }, offset: { y: mm(y) },
  size: { width: 'fill', height: 'auto' } }); // full width, so align: 'center' centres it
const titlePage = {
  id: 'title-page', numbered: false, toc: false, breakBefore: { enabled: true, parity: 'any' },
  advancedDesign: { enabled: true, minHeight: mm(212), slot: { elements: [
    { kind: 'text', id: 'series', content: '{attr.series}', fontFamily: LETTER, fontSize: pt(17),
      color: col('ink'), align: 'center', overflow: 'wrap',
      placement: { anchor: { to: 'container', edge: 'top-left' }, offset: { y: mm(24) },
        size: { width: 'fill', height: 'auto' } } },
    { kind: 'text', id: 'title', content: '{titleText}', fontFamily: DISPLAY, fontSize: pt(58),
      lineHeight: 1.05, color: col('orange'), align: 'center', overflow: 'wrap',
      placement: centred('#series', 5) },
    { kind: 'image', id: 'vignette', resourceId: 't3', decorative: true, // 3 : 2, uncropped
      placement: { anchor: { to: '#title', edge: 'below' }, offset: { x: mm(10), y: mm(14) },
        size: { width: mm(180), height: mm(120) } } },
  ] } },
};

La pagina del titolo è uno stile di titolo: la riga della collana nel carattere del lettering, il titolo nel carattere delle onomatopee (Bangers, oppure Dela Gothic One, ZCOOL KuaiLe e Lalezar nelle altre scritture), e una vignetta della bancarella di Carmen nella sua forma 3 : 2. La composizione passa continuation: { pageIndexOffset: 1 }, così la pagina del titolo è un verso e la storia si apre sul recto di fronte, pagina 3.

La ricetta completa

Sandbox

// ═══ Postext Cookbook · Nº 152 · An album page in clear line, with narration captions ═══
// https://postext.dev/en/cookbook/tebeo-album-page
// Code: MIT · Story: written for the recipe (CC BY 4.0) · Pictures: generated with diffusion models
// Fonts: Patrick Hand, Bangers, the comic faces of each script (OFL) · Needs postext ≥ 1.25.0
// A Spanish album page in the Franco-Belgian way: four tiers, yellow narration boxes, and
// balloons lettered in upper and lower case. Every edition re-letters the same split and art.
import {
  buildDocument, withLoadedFonts, renderPageToCanvas, registerResourceImage, defaultComicFont,
  defaultComicSfxFont,
} from 'https://esm.sh/postext';
import { renderToPdf, decompressWoff2 } from 'https://esm.sh/postext-pdf';

const LANG = 'it'; // @lang: 'es' | 'en' | 'ca' | 'zh' | 'ar' | 'ja' | 'pt' | 'fr' | 'de' | 'it'
const RECIPE = 'tebeo-album-page';

// ─── 1 · Design ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// #region palette: flat clear-line colours: ink, the oranges, the yellow of the cartouches
const palette = {
  ink: '#1d1b19', // outlines, lettering
  orange: '#d9601a', // the title and the sound effect (3.6:1 on paper, display sizes only)
  cartouche: '#fbe8a6', // narration boxes
  balloon: '#ffffff',
  muted: '#5f5a54', // credits
  paper: '#fffdf8',
};
const col = (id) => ({ hex: palette[id], model: 'hex', paletteId: id });
const colorPalette = [
  ...Object.entries(palette).map(([id, hex]) => ({ id, name: id, value: { hex, model: 'hex' } })),
  { id: 'main-color', name: 'orange (defaults)', value: { hex: palette.orange, model: 'hex' } },
];
// #endregion

const LOCALE = t({ es: 'es', en: 'en-gb', ca: 'ca', zh: 'zh-Hans', ar: 'ar', ja: 'ja',
  pt: 'pt-BR', fr: 'fr', de: 'de', it: 'it' });
// A hand that letters in upper and lower case for the Latin editions; the engine's comic
// faces for Chinese, Japanese and Arabic, which a Latin hand cannot set.
const LATIN = ['es', 'en', 'ca', 'pt', 'fr', 'de', 'it'].includes(LANG);
const LETTER = LATIN ? 'Patrick Hand' : defaultComicFont(LOCALE);
const DISPLAY = defaultComicSfxFont(LOCALE); // Bangers, Dela Gothic One, ZCOOL KuaiLe, Lalezar

// #region answer: the album's look: thin square frames, yellow cartouches, mixed-case lettering
const comics = {
  gutter: { horizontal: mm(4.5), vertical: mm(3.5) }, // between tiers, between panels
  panel: { borderWidth: pt(0.75), borderColor: col('ink'), background: col('paper') },
  panelStyles: [{ id: 'open', borderStyle: 'none' }], // the last panel: an epilogue, unframed
  lettering: { fontFamily: LETTER, fontSize: pt(LATIN ? 9 : 8), lineHeight: 1.1,
    color: col('ink'), textTransform: 'none' }, // European letterers write in mixed case
  balloonStyles: [
    { id: 'speech', fill: col('balloon'), stroke: col('ink'), strokeWidth: pt(0.6) },
    // Narration: rectangles butted into a corner of the panel, never with a tail.
    { id: 'caption', fill: col('cartouche'), stroke: col('ink'), strokeWidth: pt(0.6),
      padding: em(0.45), aspect: 3.4 },
    { id: 'shout', fill: col('balloon'), stroke: col('ink'), burstPoints: 16, fontScale: 1.2 },
    { id: 'thought', fill: col('balloon'), stroke: col('ink') },
    { id: 'sfx', fontFamily: DISPLAY, color: col('orange'), halo: pt(1.6), haloColor: col('ink'),
      fontScale: 2.8 },
  ],
  cast: [ // names for the tagged PDF and EPUB, which read the balloons aloud
    { id: 'lola', name: 'Lola' },
    { id: 'paco', name: t({ es: 'el abuelo Paco', en: 'Grandpa Paco', ca: "l'avi Paco",
      zh: '帕科爷爷', ar: 'الجد باكو', ja: 'パコおじいちゃん', pt: 'o vovô Paco',
      fr: 'Papi Paco', de: 'Opa Paco', it: 'nonno Paco' }) },
    { id: 'carmen', name: 'Carmen' },
  ],
  runningHeads: true, // the folio prints on the comic page too
};
// #endregion

// #region title-page: the page facing the story: series, title in the sound-effect face, vignette
const centred = (id, y) => ({ anchor: { to: id, edge: 'below' }, offset: { y: mm(y) },
  size: { width: 'fill', height: 'auto' } }); // full width, so align: 'center' centres it
const titlePage = {
  id: 'title-page', numbered: false, toc: false, breakBefore: { enabled: true, parity: 'any' },
  advancedDesign: { enabled: true, minHeight: mm(212), slot: { elements: [
    { kind: 'text', id: 'series', content: '{attr.series}', fontFamily: LETTER, fontSize: pt(17),
      color: col('ink'), align: 'center', overflow: 'wrap',
      placement: { anchor: { to: 'container', edge: 'top-left' }, offset: { y: mm(24) },
        size: { width: 'fill', height: 'auto' } } },
    { kind: 'text', id: 'title', content: '{titleText}', fontFamily: DISPLAY, fontSize: pt(58),
      lineHeight: 1.05, color: col('orange'), align: 'center', overflow: 'wrap',
      placement: centred('#series', 5) },
    { kind: 'image', id: 'vignette', resourceId: 't3', decorative: true, // 3 : 2, uncropped
      placement: { anchor: { to: '#title', edge: 'below' }, offset: { x: mm(10), y: mm(14) },
        size: { width: mm(180), height: mm(120) } } },
  ] } },
};
// #endregion

const config = () => ({
  locale: LOCALE,
  colorPalette,
  page: {
    sizePreset: 'custom', width: mm(230), height: mm(300), dpi: 150, // a hardback album
    backgroundColor: col('paper'),
    margins: { top: mm(18), bottom: mm(22), left: mm(16), right: mm(14), mirror: true },
  },
  layout: { layoutType: 'single' },
  bodyText: {
    fontFamily: LETTER, fontSize: pt(11), lineHeight: pt(15), color: col('ink'),
    boldColor: col('ink'), italicColor: col('ink'), referenceColor: col('ink'),
    textAlign: 'center', firstLineIndent: mm(0), hyphenation: { enabled: false },
  },
  headings: { fontFamily: DISPLAY, color: col('orange'),
    levels: [{ level: 1, breakBefore: { enabled: true, parity: 'any' } }] }, // the H1 break
  headingStyles: [titlePage],
  paragraphStyles: [
    { id: 'credits', fontFamily: LETTER, fontSize: pt(9.5), lineHeight: pt(13),
      color: col('muted'), textAlign: 'center', marginTop: pt(6) },
  ],
  comics,
  header: { elements: [] },
  footer: { elements: [{ kind: 'text', id: 'folio', content: '{pageNumber}', fontFamily: LETTER,
    fontSize: pt(10), color: col('ink'), align: 'center', pages: 'comic', // not on the title
    placement: { anchor: { to: 'page', edge: 'bottom' }, offset: { y: mm(-10) } } }] },
});

// ─── 2 · Content ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const markdown = String.raw`# Le arance di Carmen {style="title-page" series="Una storia di Lola e nonno Paco"}
Esempio Markdown · 33 righe · content.it.md

:::paragraphs{style="credits"}
Testi e lettering: il Ricettario di Postext · Disegni: generati con modelli di diffusione

Lettering in Patrick Hand e Bangers (SIL OFL 1.1) · Storia: CC BY 4.0
:::

:::page{split="25 [60 | *] / 25 [55 | *] / 24 / * [50 | *]"}
::panel{art=t1}
caption: La domenica, nonno Paco e io andavamo al mercato.
caption{at=bottom-end}: Sempre alla stessa ora. Sempre dalla stessa porta.
::panel{art=t2}
lola: Dai, nonno, che finiscono!
paco: Le arance non scappano, Lola.
caption{at=bottom-start}: Il nonno aveva fatto il fornaio per quarant’anni. Camminava piano per abitudine.
::panel{art=t3}
caption: Carmen aveva la piramide di arance più bella di tutta Madrid.
carmen: Guarda che arance, tesoro! Di Valencia, arrivate stamattina.
::panel{art=t4}
lola{thought}: Quella sotto è la più grossa.
paco{shout}: Lola, quella no!
::panel{art=t5}
caption: Troppo tardi.
sfx{at="55% 45%" rotate=-6}: PATATRAC!
carmen{shout}: Oh no, la mia piramide!
::panel{art=t6}
lola: Scusa, Carmen!
carmen: Su, in tre facciamo in un attimo.
paco: Questo basco non ha mai portato niente di così buono.
::panel{art=t7 style=open}
caption: Carmen ci ha regalato un sacchetto intero. Ha detto che erano «quelle cadute per terra».
paco: Le migliori, Lola. Quelle che ti guadagni.
:::
`; // content.<lang>.md: the title page, then the :::page

// ─── 3 · Fonts ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const FONTS = {
  'Patrick Hand': ['400'], Bangers: ['400'], // Latin editions
  'Noto Sans SC': ['400', '700'], 'ZCOOL KuaiLe': ['400'], // Chinese
  'Zen Antique': ['400'], 'Dela Gothic One': ['400'], // Japanese
  'Playpen Sans Arabic': ['400', '700'], Lalezar: ['400'], // Arabic
};

// #region art: the panel manifest: safe areas, speakers' mouths, heads and faces, in fractions
const box = ([x, y, width, height]) => ({ x, y, width, height });
const who = (id, x, y, head, face) => ({ id, x, y,
  ...(head && { head: { x: head[0], y: head[1] } }), ...(face && { face: box(face) }) });
const ART = {
  t1: { width: 1100, height: 733, safeArea: box([.22, .17, .62, .6]),
    alt: t({ en: 'A sunny Sunday in Madrid: an iron-and-glass market hall on a plaza with shoppers '
        + 'and pigeons.',
      es: 'Un domingo de sol en Madrid: un mercado de hierro y cristal en una plaza, con gente de '
        + 'compras y palomas.',
      ca: 'Un diumenge de sol a Madrid: un mercat de ferro i vidre en una plaça, amb gent '
        + 'comprant i coloms.',
      zh: '马德里一个晴朗的星期天：广场上一座铁架玻璃顶的市场，有买菜的人和鸽子。',
      ar: 'يوم أحد مشمس في مدريد: سوق من الحديد والزجاج في ساحة، فيها متسوّقون وحمام.',
      ja: '晴れた日曜日のマドリード。広場に鉄とガラスの市場が建ち、買い物客とハトがいる。',
      pt: 'Um domingo de sol em Madri: um mercado de ferro e vidro numa praça, com gente fazendo '
        + 'compras e pombos.',
      fr: 'Un dimanche ensoleillé à Madrid : une halle de fer et de verre sur une place, avec des '
        + 'passants qui font leurs courses et des pigeons.',
      de: 'Ein sonniger Sonntag in Madrid: eine Markthalle aus Eisen und Glas an einem Platz, mit '
        + 'Leuten beim Einkaufen und Tauben.',
      it: 'Una domenica di sole a Madrid: un mercato coperto di ferro e vetro in una piazza, '
        + 'con gente che fa la spesa e piccioni.' }),
  },
  t2: { width: 1000, height: 1000, safeArea: box([.2, .13, .71, .46]),
    alt: t({ en: 'Inside the market, Lola pulls her grandfather Paco by the hand, pointing ahead '
        + 'between the stalls.',
      es: 'Dentro del mercado, Lola tira de la mano de su abuelo Paco y señala adelante, entre '
        + 'los puestos.',
      ca: 'Dins del mercat, la Lola estira el seu avi Paco de la mà i assenyala endavant, entre '
        + 'les parades.',
      zh: '市场里，萝拉拉着爷爷帕科的手，指着摊位之间的前方。',
      ar: 'داخل السوق تشدّ لولا جدّها باكو من يده وتشير إلى الأمام بين الأكشاك.',
      ja: '市場の中、ローラが祖父パコの手を引き、売り場のあいだの先を指さしている。',
      pt: 'Dentro do mercado, Lola puxa o avô Paco pela mão e aponta adiante, entre as '
        + 'bancas.',
      fr: 'Dans le marché, Lola tire son grand-père Paco par la main et montre du doigt les étals, '
        + 'devant eux.',
      de: 'In der Markthalle zieht Lola ihren Großvater Paco an der Hand und zeigt nach vorn, '
        + 'zwischen die Stände.',
      it: 'Dentro il mercato, Lola tira per mano il nonno Paco e indica davanti a sé, tra le '
        + 'bancarelle.' }),
    anchors: [
      who('paco', .315, .28, [.32, .2], [.22, .13, .17, .19]),
      who('lola', .7, .415, [.66, .33], [.6, .3, .17, .17]),
    ],
    avoid: [box([.82, .4, .1, .06])],
  },
  t3: { width: 1200, height: 800, safeArea: box([.13, .12, .79, .58]),
    alt: t({ en: 'Lola gazes up at a towering pyramid of oranges while Carmen, the fruit seller, '
        + 'polishes an orange.',
      es: 'Lola mira hacia arriba una pirámide altísima de naranjas mientras Carmen, la frutera, '
        + 'saca brillo a una naranja.',
      ca: 'La Lola mira amunt una piràmide altíssima de taronges mentre la Carmen, la fruitera, '
        + 'fa brillar una taronja.',
      zh: '萝拉仰头望着一座高高的橙子金字塔，水果摊主卡门正在擦亮一个橙子。',
      ar: 'لولا تنظر إلى هرم عالٍ من البرتقال، بينما كارمن بائعة الفاكهة تلمّع برتقالة.',
      ja: 'ローラがそびえるオレンジのピラミッドを見上げ、果物屋のカルメンはオレンジをみがいている。',
      pt: 'Lola olha para cima, para uma pirâmide altíssima de laranjas, enquanto Carmen, a '
        + 'feirante, lustra uma laranja.',
      fr: 'Lola lève les yeux vers une immense pyramide d’oranges pendant que Carmen, la '
        + 'marchande de fruits, fait briller une orange.',
      de: 'Lola blickt zu einer riesigen Orangenpyramide hinauf, während Carmen, die '
        + 'Obsthändlerin, eine Orange blank reibt.',
      it: 'Lola alza lo sguardo verso un’altissima piramide di arance, mentre Carmen, la '
        + 'fruttivendola, lucida un’arancia.' }),
    anchors: [
      who('lola', .235, .43, [.19, .36], [.14, .3, .13, .18]),
      who('carmen', .795, .27, [.8, .19], [.74, .12, .13, .19]),
    ],
    avoid: [box([.4, .2, .2, .15])],
  },
  t4: { width: 1152, height: 1152, safeArea: box([.08, .08, .76, .65]),
    alt: t({ en: 'Lola reaches for an orange at the bottom of the pile; Paco, alarmed, raises a '
        + 'hand to stop her.',
      es: 'Lola alarga la mano hacia una naranja de la base del montón; Paco, alarmado, levanta '
        + 'la mano para detenerla.',
      ca: 'La Lola allarga la mà cap a una taronja de la base de la pila; en Paco, alarmat, '
        + 'aixeca la mà per aturar-la.',
      zh: '萝拉伸手去拿最底下的一个橙子；帕科吓了一跳，举手想拦住她。',
      ar: 'لولا تمدّ يدها إلى برتقالة في أسفل الكومة، وباكو مذعورًا يرفع يده ليوقفها.',
      ja: 'ローラが山のいちばん下のオレンジに手をのばし、あわてたパコが止めようと手を上げる。',
      pt: 'Lola estica a mão para uma laranja da base da pilha; Paco, assustado, levanta a mão '
        + 'para impedi-la.',
      fr: 'Lola tend la main vers une orange tout en bas de la pile ; Paco, alarmé, lève la main '
        + 'pour l’arrêter.',
      de: 'Lola greift nach einer Orange ganz unten im Stapel; Paco hebt erschrocken die Hand, '
        + 'um sie aufzuhalten.',
      it: 'Lola allunga la mano verso un’arancia in fondo alla pila; Paco, allarmato, alza la '
        + 'mano per fermarla.' }),
    anchors: [
      who('paco', .31, .3, [.28, .17], [.17, .1, .2, .26]),
      who('lola', .635, .485, [.61, .38], [.48, .28, .27, .27]),
    ],
    // Lola's reaching arm and her hand on the orange: the thought balloon keeps off them.
    avoid: [box([.62, .58, .17, .22]), box([.7, .78, .15, .1]), box([.1, .36, .15, .19])],
  },
  t5: { width: 1100, height: 733, safeArea: box([.06, .16, .9, .41]),
    alt: t({ en: "The orange pyramid collapses: oranges roll everywhere, Paco's beret flies off, "
        + "Carmen throws up her hands, pigeons scatter.",
      es: 'La pirámide se derrumba: las naranjas ruedan por todas partes, la boina de Paco sale '
        + 'volando, Carmen levanta los brazos y las palomas huyen.',
      ca: 'La piràmide s’enfonsa: les taronges rodolen per tot arreu, la boina d’en Paco surt '
        + 'volant, la Carmen aixeca els braços i els coloms fugen.',
      zh: '橙子金字塔塌了：橙子滚得到处都是，帕科的贝雷帽飞了出去，卡门举起双手，鸽子四散飞走。',
      ar: 'ينهار هرم البرتقال: البرتقال يتدحرج في كل مكان، وقبعة باكو تطير، وكارمن ترفع يديها، '
        + 'والحمام يتفرّق.',
      ja: 'オレンジのピラミッドがくずれる。オレンジが転がり、パコのベレー帽が飛び、カルメンが両手を上げ、ハトが散る。',
      pt: 'A pirâmide de laranjas desaba: laranjas rolam por toda parte, a boina de Paco sai '
        + 'voando, Carmen ergue os braços e os pombos fogem.',
      fr: 'La pyramide d’oranges s’effondre : les oranges roulent partout, le béret de Paco '
        + 's’envole, Carmen lève les bras et les pigeons s’égaillent.',
      de: 'Die Orangenpyramide stürzt ein: Überall rollen Orangen, Pacos Baskenmütze fliegt '
        + 'davon, Carmen reißt die Arme hoch, und die Tauben flattern auf.',
      it: 'La piramide di arance crolla: le arance rotolano dappertutto, il basco di Paco vola '
        + 'via, Carmen alza le braccia e i piccioni si sparpagliano.' }),
    anchors: [
      who('lola', .15, .44, [.14, .37], [.08, .32, .12, .15]),
      who('paco', .34, .31, [.33, .27], [.27, .22, .12, .14]),
      who('carmen', .81, .37, [.8, .3], [.74, .22, .13, .18]),
      who('sfx', .55, .45),
    ],
    avoid: [box([.24, .12, .09, .1])],
  },
  t6: { width: 1200, height: 800, safeArea: box([.15, .1, .68, .58]),
    alt: t({ en: 'Lola, Paco and Carmen kneel to gather the oranges into the beret and the apron, '
        + 'laughing; a pigeon pecks one.',
      es: 'Lola, Paco y Carmen, de rodillas, recogen las naranjas en la boina y el delantal entre '
        + 'risas; una paloma picotea una.',
      ca: 'La Lola, en Paco i la Carmen, de genolls, recullen les taronges a la boina i al '
        + 'davantal entre rialles; un colom en picoteja una.',
      zh: '萝拉、帕科和卡门跪在地上，笑着把橙子捡进贝雷帽和围裙里；一只鸽子在啄一个橙子。',
      ar: 'لولا وباكو وكارمن جاثون يجمعون البرتقال في القبعة والمريلة وهم يضحكون، وحمامة تنقر '
        + 'واحدة.',
      ja: 'ローラとパコとカルメンがひざをつき、笑いながらオレンジをベレー帽とエプロンに集める。ハトが一つつついている。',
      pt: 'Lola, Paco e Carmen, de joelhos, juntam as laranjas na boina e no avental, rindo; um '
        + 'pombo bica uma delas.',
      fr: 'Lola, Paco et Carmen, à genoux, ramassent en riant les oranges dans le béret et le '
        + 'tablier ; un pigeon en picore une.',
      de: 'Lola, Paco und Carmen knien und sammeln lachend die Orangen in die Mütze und die '
        + 'Schürze; eine Taube pickt an einer.',
      it: 'Lola, Paco e Carmen, in ginocchio, raccolgono ridendo le arance nel basco e nel '
        + 'grembiule; un piccione ne becca una.' }),
    anchors: [
      who('lola', .245, .42, [.24, .33], [.17, .27, .14, .2]),
      who('paco', .49, .3, [.48, .22], [.42, .14, .14, .2]),
      who('carmen', .73, .28, [.73, .2], [.67, .12, .13, .19]),
    ],
    avoid: [box([.74, .75, .14, .2])],
  },
  t7: { width: 1300, height: 867, safeArea: box([.19, .17, .56, .58]),
    alt: t({ en: "On a park bench, Lola and Paco peel oranges and laugh; a pigeon sits on Paco's "
        + "beret.",
      es: 'En un banco del parque, Lola y Paco pelan naranjas y se ríen; una paloma se ha posado '
        + 'en la boina de Paco.',
      ca: 'En un banc del parc, la Lola i en Paco pelen taronges i riuen; un colom s’ha posat a '
        + 'la boina d’en Paco.',
      zh: '公园长椅上，萝拉和帕科剥着橙子笑着；一只鸽子停在帕科的贝雷帽上。',
      ar: 'على مقعد في الحديقة يقشّر لولا وباكو البرتقال ويضحكان، وحمامة تقف على قبعة باكو.',
      ja: '公園のベンチでローラとパコがオレンジをむいて笑っている。パコのベレー帽にハトがとまっている。',
      pt: 'Num banco de praça, Lola e Paco descascam laranjas e riem; um pombo pousou na boina '
        + 'de Paco.',
      fr: 'Sur un banc du parc, Lola et Paco épluchent des oranges en riant ; un pigeon s’est posé '
        + 'sur le béret de Paco.',
      de: 'Auf einer Parkbank schälen Lola und Paco Orangen und lachen; auf Pacos Mütze sitzt '
        + 'eine Taube.',
      it: 'Su una panchina del parco, Lola e Paco sbucciano arance ridendo; un piccione si è '
        + 'posato sul basco di Paco.' }),
    anchors: [
      who('lola', .32, .45, [.31, .35], [.24, .3, .15, .22]),
      who('paco', .6, .38, [.65, .25], [.54, .2, .19, .24]),
    ],
    avoid: [box([.6, .01, .13, .15])],
  },

};
// #endregion

// ─── 4 · Build & show ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const faces = { [LETTER]: FONTS[LETTER], [DISPLAY]: FONTS[DISPLAY] }; // this edition's two faces
await loadFonts(FONTS, markdown); // the Latin files of every face; then each script's own
await loadCjkFonts(faces, markdown);
await loadArabicFonts(faces, markdown);
await loadComicFonts(faces, markdown);
const resources = await Promise.all([
  comicPanel('t1', asset('t1.jpg'), ART.t1), comicPanel('t2', asset('t2.jpg'), ART.t2),
  comicPanel('t3', asset('t3.jpg'), ART.t3), comicPanel('t4', asset('t4.jpg'), ART.t4),
  comicPanel('t5', asset('t5.jpg'), ART.t5), comicPanel('t6', asset('t6.jpg'), ART.t6),
  comicPanel('t7', asset('t7.jpg'), ART.t7),
]);
// pageIndexOffset 1: the title page is a verso, so it faces the story's first page.
const continuation = { pageIndexOffset: 1, pageNumbering: { startAt: 2 } };
const doc = await withLoadedFonts(
  () => buildDocument({ markdown, resources, continuation }, config()),
  { ...kitFonts(FONTS), text: markdown });
showBook(doc, { title: t({ es: 'Una página de álbum', en: 'An album page', ca: "Una pàgina d'àlbum",
  zh: '一页欧式漫画', ar: 'صفحة من ألبوم مصوّر', ja: 'BDのアルバムの一ページ',
  pt: 'Uma página de álbum', fr: 'Une page d’album',
  de: 'Eine Albumseite', it: 'Una pagina d’album' }) });
offerPdf(() => renderToPdf(doc, { fontProvider: comicPdfProvider, resourceBytes: imageBytes }),
  `${RECIPE}.pdf`);

Kit · core, fonts, viewer, pdf, images, cjk, arabic, comics: uguale in ogni ricetta · 740 righe
// ─── Kit ── helpers shared by every Cookbook recipe · postext.dev/cookbook ─────

// ─── Kit · core v1 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
function mm(value) { return { value, unit: 'mm' }; }
function pt(value) { return { value, unit: 'pt' }; }
function em(value) { return { value, unit: 'em' }; }
/** The sample language's string: t({ en: 'Figure', es: 'Figura' }). */
function t(strings) { return strings[LANG] ?? Object.values(strings)[0]; }
/** A file in this recipe's assets folder, served from the Postext repo by jsDelivr. */
function asset(file) { return `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/drnachio/postext@main/cookbook/${RECIPE}/assets/${file}`; }

// ─── Kit · fonts v3 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
// Postext loads the faces a config asks for before layout (prepareFonts,
// buildDocumentWithFonts) and asks the kit for the files: Fontsource's, the
// files the PDF embeds too.

/** The options of buildDocumentWithFonts / prepareFonts / withLoadedFonts:
 *  the Fontsource resolver, and the faces of FONTS loaded with the ones the
 *  config names. FONTS = { 'Family Name': ['400', '400i', '700'] }. */
function kitFonts(FONTS = {}) {
  const faces = Object.entries(FONTS).flatMap(([family, specs]) => specs.map((spec) =>
    ({ family, weight: parseInt(spec, 10), style: spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal' })));
  return { resolve: fontsourceResolver, faces };
}

/** A face's Fontsource files, in a fixed order: latin, then latin-ext and greek
 *  when `text` needs them and the family ships them (kitSubsetsFor), each with
 *  its unicode-range. Null for a weight or slant Fontsource does not ship. */
async function fontsourceResolver(family, weight, style, { text = '' } = {}) {
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  if (meta && !(meta.weights.includes(weight) && meta.styles.includes(style))) return null;
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  const at = await fontsourceAt(id);
  return ['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)].map((subset) => ({
    source: `${at}files/${id}-${subset}-${weight}-${style}.woff2`,
    unicodeRange: kitRanges()[subset],
  }));
}

/** The unicode-range of each Fontsource file the kit loads (a function: the
 *  kit is inlined after the pen's code, which runs before a const would be set). */
function kitRanges() {
  return {
    latin: 'U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,'
      + 'U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD',
    'latin-ext': 'U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,'
      + 'U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF',
    greek: 'U+0370-03FF',
  };
}

/** For the cjk, arabic and comics blocks, which add their own files: the
 *  faces of `faces` = { 'Family Name': ['400', '400i', '700'] }. `text` is the sample:
 *  č ł † α χ also load latin-ext and greek files (kitSubsetsFor). With
 *  `optional`, a face Fontsource does not ship is skipped instead of failing.
 *  The files are added once all have loaded, in the order asked (latin, then
 *  latin-ext, then greek), whatever order they arrive in: the last one added
 *  wins a character two files hold. Resolves to the number of faces added. */
async function loadFonts(faces, text = '', { optional = false } = {}) {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  const ranges = kitRanges();
  const jobs = [];
  for (const [family, specs] of Object.entries(faces)) {
    const id = fontsourceId(family);
    const todo = [...new Set(specs)].map((spec) => [parseInt(spec, 10), spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal'])
      .filter(([weight, style]) => !hasFace(family, weight, style)); // before any await
    const at = fontsourceAt(id);
    const meta = optional || /[^\0-ÿ]/u.test(text) ? await fontsourceMeta(family) : null;
    const subsets = ['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)];
    for (const [weight, style] of todo) {
      if (optional && !(meta?.weights.includes(weight) && meta.styles.includes(style))) continue;
      for (const subset of subsets) {
        const url = `${await at}files/${id}-${subset}-${weight}-${style}.woff2`;
        const face = new FontFace(family, `url(${url}) format('woff2')`,
          { weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: ranges[subset] });
        jobs.push(face.load().catch(() => {
          if (subset === 'latin' && !optional) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${weight} ${style}`);
        }));
      }
    }
  }
  const ready = await Promise.all(jobs).catch((error) => { kitFail(error); throw error; });
  return ready.filter((face) => face && document.fonts.add(face)).length;
}

/** A loaded FontFace covers this family, weight and style (fonts.check() would
 *  also say yes for families nobody declared). */
function hasFace(family, weight, style) {
  for (const face of document.fonts) {
    if (face.status !== 'loaded' || face.style !== style) continue;
    if (face.family.replace(/^["']|["']$/g, '') !== family) continue;
    const [low, high = low] = face.weight.split(' ').map(Number);
    if (weight >= low && weight <= high) return true;
  }
  return false;
}

/** The files beyond latin `text` needs that `meta`'s family ships. */
function kitSubsetsFor(text, meta) {
  return [[/[Ā-˿ᴀ-ᶿḀ-ỿ†ℓⱠ-Ɀ꜠-ꟿ]/u, 'latin-ext'], [/[Ͱ-Ͽ]/u, 'greek']]
    .filter(([re, x]) => re.test(text) && meta?.subsets?.includes(x)).map(([, x]) => x);
}

/** Fontsource's id for a family: 'Source Serif 4' → 'source-serif-4'. */
function fontsourceId(family) { return family.toLowerCase().replace(/\s+/g, '-'); }

/** A package's folder at the one version @5 names now (#766). */
function fontsourceAt(id, u = `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fontsource/${id}@`) {
  return (fontsourceAt.c ??= {})[id] ??= fetch(u + '5/package.json').then((r) => r.json())
    .then((p) => p.version || 5, () => 5).then((v) => `${u}${v}/`);
}

/** The family's Fontsource metadata (weights, styles, subsets), or null. */
function fontsourceMeta(family) {
  fontsourceMeta.cache ??= new Map();
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  if (!fontsourceMeta.cache.has(id)) {
    fontsourceMeta.cache.set(id, fetch(`https://api.fontsource.org/v1/fonts/${id}`)
      .then((res) => (res.ok ? res.json() : null), () => null));
  }
  return fontsourceMeta.cache.get(id);
}

// ─── Kit · viewer v2 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook
/** The pages as spreads on a dark desk, page 1 alone, then verso | recto,
 *  each painted when it scrolls near. Other options go to renderPageToCanvas. */
function showPages(docs, { title, width = 460, ...render } = {}) {
  const root = viewer(title);
  const pages = [docs].flat().flatMap((doc) =>
    doc.pages.map((page) => ({ doc, page, n: (doc.pageIndexOffset ?? 0) + page.index })));
  const spreads = [];
  let verso = null;
  for (const p of pages) {
    if (p.n % 2 === 1) { if (verso) spreads.push([verso, null]); verso = p; }
    else { spreads.push([verso, p]); verso = null; }
  }
  if (verso) spreads.push([verso, null]);
  const density = Math.min(window.devicePixelRatio || 1, 2);
  showPages.painter?.disconnect();
  const painter = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {
    for (const { isIntersecting, target } of entries) {
      if (!isIntersecting) continue;
      painter.unobserve(target);
      const { doc, page } = target.postext;
      renderPageToCanvas(page, doc, target, { ...render, scale: (width * density) / page.width });
    }
  }, { rootMargin: '800px' });
  showPages.painter = painter;
  root.replaceChildren(...spreads.map((pair) => {
    const spread = document.createElement('div');
    spread.className = 'pt-spread';
    for (const p of pair) {
      const figure = document.createElement('figure');
      if (p) {
        const label = p.page.pageLabel || String(p.n + 1);
        const canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
        canvas.postext = p;
        canvas.style.aspectRatio = `${p.page.width} / ${p.page.height}`;
        canvas.setAttribute('role', 'img');
        canvas.setAttribute('aria-label', `Page ${label}`);
        const folio = document.createElement('figcaption');
        folio.textContent = label;
        figure.append(canvas, folio);
        painter.observe(canvas);
      } else figure.className = 'pt-blank';
      spread.append(figure);
    }
    return spread;
  }));
  kitStatus(`${pages.length} ${pages.length === 1 ? 'page' : 'pages'}`);
  document.documentElement.dataset.postext = 'ready';
  return pages.length;
}

/** The desk, the bar and the error reporting, created once. */
function viewer(title) {
  if (!document.getElementById('pt-kit')) {
    document.head.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', `<style id="pt-kit">
      :root { color-scheme: dark; }
      body { margin: 0; background: #0e1014; color: #b9bcc4; font: 13px/1.45 system-ui, sans-serif; }
      #pt-bar { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 1; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center;
        gap: 6px 16px; padding: 10px 16px; background: rgb(14 16 20 / .92); backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
        border-bottom: 1px solid #23262d; }
      #pt-bar strong { color: #f4f1ea; font-weight: 600; }
      #pt-actions { display: flex; gap: 12px; margin-left: auto; }
      #pt-actions a, #pt-actions button { color: #d8a21a; font: inherit; background: none; border: 0; padding: 0; cursor: pointer; }
      #pages { display: grid; justify-items: center; gap: 48px; padding: 32px 16px 72px; }
      .pt-spread { display: flex; }
      .pt-spread figure { margin: 0; width: min(460px, 44vw); }
      .pt-spread canvas { display: block; width: 100%; background: #fff;
        box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
      .pt-spread figure:first-child canvas { box-shadow: inset -14px 0 14px -14px rgb(0 0 0 / .18), 0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
      .pt-spread figcaption { margin-top: 10px; text-align: center; font: 600 10px/1 system-ui, sans-serif;
        letter-spacing: .18em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #6c7079; }
      .pt-blank { visibility: hidden; }
      @media (max-width: 760px) {
        .pt-spread { flex-direction: column; gap: 32px; }
        .pt-spread figure { width: min(460px, 92vw); }
        .pt-blank { display: none; }
      }
    </style>`);
    document.body.insertAdjacentHTML('afterbegin',
      '<header id="pt-bar"><strong id="pt-title"></strong><span id="pt-status" role="status"></span><span id="pt-actions"></span></header>');
    document.getElementById('pt-title').textContent = document.title || 'Postext';
    addEventListener('error', (event) => kitFail(event.error ?? event.message));
    addEventListener('unhandledrejection', (event) => kitFail(event.reason));
  }
  if (title) document.getElementById('pt-title').textContent = title;
  return document.getElementById('pages')
    ?? document.body.appendChild(Object.assign(document.createElement('main'), { id: 'pages' }));
}

function kitStatus(text) {
  viewer();
  document.getElementById('pt-status').textContent = text;
}

function kitFail(error) {
  document.documentElement.dataset.postext = 'error';
  kitStatus(`Error: ${error?.message ?? error}`);
}

// ─── Kit · pdf v3 ── the same in every recipe that exports a PDF
/** The Fontsource files the screen used, as TrueType, with their range and
 *  place: the nearest weight the family ships, upright with no italic;
 *  latin, then what its letters need (kitSubsetsFor). */
async function fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style, request) {
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const weights = meta?.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const s = style === 'italic' && meta && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const text = String.fromCodePoint(...(request?.codePoints ?? []));
  const files = await Promise.all(['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)].map(async (subset, order) => {
    const res = await fetch(`${await fontsourceAt(id)}files/${id}-${subset}-${w}-${s}.woff2`);
    if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${w} ${s} ${subset}`);
    return Object.assign(await decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer())),
      { unicodeRange: kitRanges()[subset], order });
  }));
  return files.length === 1 ? files[0] : files;
}

/** A "Build the PDF" button; then "Open the PDF" (a new tab: CodePen's frame
 *  shows no PDFs) and a download link. */
function offerPdf(makePdf, filename) {
  viewer();
  const button = Object.assign(document.createElement('button'), { type: 'button', textContent: 'Build the PDF' });
  button.dataset.postextPdf = filename;
  button.addEventListener('click', async () => {
    button.disabled = true;
    button.textContent = 'Building the PDF…';
    try {
      const bytes = await makePdf();
      const url = URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([bytes], { type: 'application/pdf' }));
      const size = `${Math.max(1, Math.round(bytes.length / 1024))} KB`;
      button.replaceWith(
        Object.assign(document.createElement('a'), { href: url, target: '_blank', rel: 'noopener', textContent: 'Open the PDF ↗' }),
        Object.assign(document.createElement('a'), { href: url, download: filename, textContent: `Download ${filename} · ${size}` }));
    } catch (error) {
      button.disabled = false;
      button.textContent = 'Build the PDF';
      kitFail(error);
    }
  });
  document.getElementById('pt-actions').append(button);
}

// ─── Kit · images v3 ── recipes with pictures · postext.dev/cookbook
/** Registers a photo or PNG for the canvas and keeps its bytes for the PDF.
 *  fetch → ImageBitmap never taints the canvas (a plain cross-origin <img> would). */
async function loadImage(fileId, url) {
  const res = await fetch(url);
  if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Image not found (${res.status}): ${url}`);
  const bytes = new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer());
  registerResourceImage(fileId, await createImageBitmap(new Blob([bytes])));
  (loadImage.bytes ??= new Map()).set(fileId, bytes);
}

/** Registers SVG markup as a vector image, its fonts inside (inlineSvgFonts, ≥ 1.25).
 *  `options` go to registerResourceImage: { singleInk: true } tints it on the canvas. */
async function loadSvg(fileId, svg, options) {
  if (typeof inlineSvgFonts === 'function') svg = await inlineSvgFonts(svg, svgFaces);
  const img = new Image();
  img.src = `data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,${encodeURIComponent(svg)}`;
  await img.decode();
  registerResourceImage(fileId, img, options);
  (loadImage.bytes ??= new Map()).set(fileId, new TextEncoder().encode(svg));
}

/** A face's Fontsource files: nearest weight; latin + what the SVG sets. */
async function svgFaces(family, weight, style, { codePoints = [] } = {}) {
  const [id, m] = [fontsourceId(family), await fontsourceMeta(family)];
  const w = m?.weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a)) ?? weight;
  const s = m?.styles.includes(style) === false ? 'normal' : style;
  return Promise.all(['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(String.fromCodePoint(...codePoints), m)].map(async (x) => new Uint8Array(
    await (await fetch(`${await fontsourceAt(id)}files/${id}-${x}-${w}-${s}.woff2`)).arrayBuffer())));
}

/** renderToPdf({ resourceBytes: imageBytes }) */
function imageBytes(fileId) { return loadImage.bytes?.get(fileId); }

/** renderToHtml({ resourceImageUrl: imageUrl }) */
function imageUrl(fileId) {
  const bytes = imageBytes(fileId);
  if (!bytes) return undefined;
  imageUrl.urls ??= new Map();
  if (!imageUrl.urls.has(fileId)) {
    const type = /\.svg$/i.test(fileId) ? 'image/svg+xml' : /\.png$/i.test(fileId) ? 'image/png' : 'image/jpeg';
    imageUrl.urls.set(fileId, URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([bytes], { type })));
  }
  return imageUrl.urls.get(fileId);
}

// ─── Kit · cjk v2 ── Chinese, Japanese and Korean books · postext.dev/cookbook
// Fontsource ships a CJK family as about a hundred files per weight, each
// declared in its stylesheet with the unicode-range it covers. The screen
// loads the files the sample touches; the PDF gets the same files for the
// characters its pages set in each face, and embeds each as a subset.
// A book bound on the right (vertical text) is shown with its spreads
// mirrored: page 1 alone on the left of the spine, then [3 | 2].

/** The files of a Fontsource face, read from its stylesheet: { url, range,
 *  ranges }, the last declared first (the order the browser tries them in). */
function cjkSlices(family, weight, style) {
  cjkSlices.cache ??= new Map();
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const css = `${id}/${weight}${style === 'italic' ? '-italic' : ''}.css`;
  if (!cjkSlices.cache.has(css)) {
    let at;
    cjkSlices.cache.set(css, fontsourceAt(id).then((a) => fetch(at = a + css.slice(id.length + 1)))
      .then((res) => {
        if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${weight} ${style} (${res.status})`);
        return res.text();
      })
      .then((text) => [...text.matchAll(/@font-face\s*{([^}]*)}/g)].map(([, rule]) => {
        const range = /unicode-range:\s*([^;]+);/.exec(rule)?.[1].trim() ?? 'U+0-10FFFF';
        const ranges = range.split(',').map((part) => {
          const [lo, hi = lo] = part.trim().slice(2).split('-');
          return [parseInt(lo, 16), parseInt(hi, 16)];
        });
        return { url: new URL(/url\(([^)]+?\.woff2)\)/.exec(rule)[1], at).href, range, ranges };
      }).reverse()));
  }
  return cjkSlices.cache.get(css);
}

/** The file of `slices` the screen sets code point `cp` in, if any: the
 *  last one loadCjkFonts adds whose range holds it. A numbered file that
 *  repeats a letter of latin is added after latin, and wins it. */
function cjkSliceFor(slices, cp) {
  const holds = (slice) => slice.ranges.some(([lo, hi]) => cp >= lo && cp <= hi);
  return slices.reduce((last, slice) => (holds(slice) ? slice : last), undefined);
}

/** Whether Fontsource serves `family` as a Chinese, Japanese or Korean
 *  family (its subsets name the script). Fails when the API does not
 *  answer: a CJK face taken for a Latin one would paint in a system face. */
async function isCjkFamily(family) {
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  if (!meta) throw new Error(`api.fontsource.org did not describe ${family}: reload to try again`);
  return !!meta.subsets?.some((subset) => /^(chinese|japanese|korean)/.test(subset));
}

/** faces = { 'Noto Serif TC': ['400', '700'] }, as for loadFonts: the
 *  whole FONTS object may be passed, its other families are left to
 *  loadFonts. Adds one FontFace per file of each CJK face with its
 *  unicodeRange, then loads the files `text` touches. `text` is what the
 *  faces set: the sample for the text face; a book in several voices calls
 *  it once per voice (loadCjkFonts({ 'LXGW WenKai TC': ['400'] }, quotes)),
 *  so the heading and quotation faces fetch and check only their own
 *  characters. Fails when a character of `text` is in no file of a face.
 *  List every weight the pages use: a weight left to the engine's later round
 *  gets the latin file only. With { vertical: true } it also loads each
 *  family's vertical forms (brackets, quotes, pause marks) for the canvas,
 *  which needs loadVerticalAlternates imported from postext. Resolves to
 *  the number of files loaded. */
async function loadCjkFonts(faces, text, { vertical = false } = {}) {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  let loaded = 0;
  try {
    if (vertical && typeof loadVerticalAlternates !== 'function') {
      throw new Error('loadCjkFonts(…, { vertical: true }) needs loadVerticalAlternates imported from postext');
    }
    for (const [family, specs] of Object.entries(faces)) {
      if (!(await isCjkFamily(family))) continue;
      const twin = [];
      for (const spec of new Set(specs)) {
        const weight = parseInt(spec, 10);
        const style = spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal';
        const slices = await cjkSlices(family, weight, style);
        const missing = [...new Set(text)].filter((ch) => /\S/.test(ch) && !cjkSliceFor(slices, ch.codePointAt(0)));
        if (missing.length) {
          throw new Error(`${family} ${spec} has no file for ${missing.slice(0, 12).join(' ')}: `
            + `give each face the text it sets (loadCjkFonts({ '${family}': ['${spec}'] }, text))`);
        }
        for (const slice of slices) {
          document.fonts.add(new FontFace(family, `url(${slice.url}) format('woff2')`,
            { weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: slice.range }));
          twin.push({ source: slice.url, weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: slice.range });
        }
        const font = `${style === 'italic' ? 'italic ' : ''}${weight} 16px "${family}"`;
        loaded += (await document.fonts.load(font, text)).length;
        if (!document.fonts.check(font, text)) throw new Error(`${family} ${spec} did not load for the sample`);
      }
      // The same files under a twin name with the `vert` feature on: the
      // canvas paints the punctuation of vertical lines with it.
      if (vertical && twin.length) await loadVerticalAlternates(family, twin);
    }
  } catch (error) {
    kitFail(error);
    throw error;
  }
  return loaded;
}

/** The PDF font provider for recipes with CJK faces: a family whose
 *  Fontsource subsets are Chinese, Japanese or Korean gets the files the
 *  screen set its pages' characters in (`request.codePoints`), each marked
 *  with its unicode-range and its place in the order loadCjkFonts added
 *  them: postext-pdf sets a character two files hold in the one added
 *  last, as the browser does. Any other family gets the latin file
 *  fontsourceProvider fetches (the "pdf" block) and, when the face sets
 *  letters only latin-ext has, that file too. */
async function cjkPdfProvider(family, weight, style, request) {
  if (!(await isCjkFamily(family))) return cjkLatinPdfFiles(family, weight, style, request);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const weights = meta.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const s = style === 'italic' && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const slices = await cjkSlices(family, w, s);
  const picked = new Set();
  for (const cp of request?.codePoints ?? []) {
    const slice = cjkSliceFor(slices, cp);
    if (slice) picked.add(slice);
  }
  if (!picked.size) picked.add(slices[0]);
  return Promise.all(slices.map(async (slice, order) => {
    if (!picked.has(slice)) return null;
    const res = await fetch(slice.url);
    if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource file ${slice.url} (${res.status})`);
    const bytes = await decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer()));
    return Object.assign(bytes, { unicodeRange: slice.range, order });
  })).then((files) => files.filter(Boolean));
}

/** A Latin family set next to the CJK faces: its latin file, then its
 *  latin-ext file when the face sets letters only latin-ext has (ō ū in
 *  Hepburn rōmaji, ǎ in pinyin), the file loadFonts adds on screen for
 *  them, each marked with its unicode-range and its place in that order:
 *  the PDF sets a character in the file the browser took it from. A face
 *  Fontsource ships without latin-ext, or whose file does not come, gets
 *  latin alone, and the PDF names the letters it lacks. */
async function cjkLatinPdfFiles(family, weight, style, request) {
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const beyond = [...(request?.codePoints ?? [])].some(cjkLatinExtOnly);
  if (!beyond || !meta?.subsets?.includes('latin-ext')) return fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style);
  const weights = meta.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const s = style === 'italic' && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const url = `${await fontsourceAt(id)}files/${id}-latin-ext-${w}-${s}.woff2`;
  const [latin, ext] = await Promise.all([fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style), fetch(url)
    .then(async (res) => (res.ok ? decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer())) : null), () => null)]);
  const ranges = kitRanges();
  return ext ? [Object.assign(latin, { unicodeRange: ranges.latin, order: 0 }),
    Object.assign(ext, { unicodeRange: ranges['latin-ext'], order: 1 })] : latin;
}

/** Whether code point `cp` is in Fontsource's latin-ext file and not in
 *  its latin file: Latin Extended-A and -B, IPA, the spacing modifiers and
 *  Latin Extended Additional (loadFonts's test for latin-ext), less the
 *  few latin holds too (ı Œ œ ʻ ʼ ˆ ˚ ˜). */
function cjkLatinExtOnly(cp) {
  if (!((cp >= 0x100 && cp <= 0x2ff) || (cp >= 0x1e00 && cp <= 0x1eff))) return false;
  return ![0x131, 0x152, 0x153, 0x2bb, 0x2bc, 0x2c6, 0x2da, 0x2dc].includes(cp);
}

/** showPages for a book bound on either edge. A right-bound book (the
 *  document says so: doc.binding is 'right' for page.binding 'right' and
 *  for vertical text) lies on the desk as it opens: page 1 alone on the
 *  left of the spine, then [3 | 2], the spine shade on each page's inner
 *  edge. `binding` ('left' | 'right') overrides the document's. */
function showBook(docs, { binding, ...options } = {}) {
  const count = showPages(docs, options);
  const right = (binding ?? [docs].flat()[0]?.binding) === 'right';
  if (!document.getElementById('pt-kit-cjk')) {
    // The pages keep direction ltr: a canvas draws text in the direction its
    // element inherits, and under rtl each run would end where the engine
    // starts it, its brackets mirrored.
    document.head.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', `<style id="pt-kit-cjk">
      .pt-spread[dir="rtl"] canvas { direction: ltr; }
      .pt-spread[dir="rtl"] figure:first-child canvas { box-shadow: inset 14px 0 14px -14px rgb(0 0 0 / .18),
        0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
    </style>`);
  }
  // Each pair stays [verso, recto] in the page; right to left, the verso
  // sits on the right. Phones stack the pages in reading order either way.
  for (const spread of document.querySelectorAll('#pages > .pt-spread')) spread.dir = right ? 'rtl' : 'ltr';
  document.getElementById('pages').dataset.binding = right ? 'right' : 'left';
  return count;
}

// ─── Kit · arabic v2 ── Arabic-script faces · postext.dev/cookbook
// Fontsource ships an Arabic family as one file per subset and weight: the
// `arabic` file holds the letters, the harakat, the Arabic-Indic digits, the
// Arabic punctuation and the presentation forms; `latin` and `latin-ext`
// hold the rest. loadFonts loads the latin files; this block adds the arabic
// file of every Arabic family, for the canvas and for the PDF, which shapes
// the letters with HarfBuzz from the same bytes.

/** The code points of Fontsource's `arabic` subset, as its stylesheets
 *  declare them (the same unicode-range the browser picks the file by). A
 *  function, not a const: the kit is inlined after the recipe's top-level
 *  awaits, and a const read before its line throws, where a function
 *  declaration is hoisted. */
function arabicRange() {
  return 'U+0600-06FF,U+0750-077F,U+0870-088E,U+0890-0891,U+0897-08E1,U+08E3-08FF,'
    + 'U+200C-200E,U+2010-2011,U+204F,U+2E41,U+FB50-FDFF,U+FE70-FE74,U+FE76-FEFC,U+102E0-102FB,'
    + 'U+10E60-10E7E,U+10EC2-10EC4,U+10EFC-10EFF,U+1EE00-1EEFF';
}

/** Whether code point `cp` is in the arabic file. */
function inArabicRange(cp) {
  inArabicRange.ranges ??= arabicRange().split(',').map((part) => {
    const [lo, hi = lo] = part.slice(2).split('-');
    return [parseInt(lo, 16), parseInt(hi, 16)];
  });
  return inArabicRange.ranges.some(([lo, hi]) => cp >= lo && cp <= hi);
}

/** Whether Fontsource serves `family` with an `arabic` subset. Fails when
 *  the API does not answer: an Arabic face taken for a Latin one would set
 *  its letters in a system face. */
async function isArabicFamily(family) {
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  if (!meta) throw new Error(`api.fontsource.org did not describe ${family}: reload to try again`);
  return !!meta.subsets?.includes('arabic');
}

/** The arabic file of a face. */
async function arabicFileUrl(family, weight, style) {
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  return `${await fontsourceAt(id)}files/${id}-arabic-${weight}-${style}.woff2`;
}

/** faces = { Amiri: ['400', '700'] }, as for loadFonts, after it: the whole
 *  FONTS object may be passed, its families without an arabic subset are
 *  left alone. Adds the arabic file of every listed weight of each Arabic
 *  family (the latin files come from loadFonts) and loads it. `text` is
 *  the sample: fails when it holds an Arabic-script character the arabic
 *  file does not cover. List every weight the pages set in Arabic: a weight
 *  left to the engine's later round gets the latin file only, and its Arabic letters
 *  fall back to a system face. Resolves to the number of files loaded. */
async function loadArabicFonts(faces, text = '') {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  let loaded = 0;
  try {
    const outside = [...new Set(text)].filter((ch) => /\p{Script=Arabic}/u.test(ch) && !inArabicRange(ch.codePointAt(0)));
    if (outside.length) throw new Error(`Fontsource's arabic files have no ${outside.slice(0, 12).join(' ')}`);
    for (const [family, specs] of Object.entries(faces)) {
      if (!(await isArabicFamily(family))) continue;
      for (const spec of new Set(specs)) {
        const weight = parseInt(spec, 10);
        const style = spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal';
        const face = new FontFace(family, `url(${await arabicFileUrl(family, weight, style)}) format('woff2')`,
          { weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: arabicRange() });
        document.fonts.add(await face.load().catch(() => {
          throw new Error(`Fontsource has no arabic file for ${family} ${weight} ${style}`);
        }));
        loaded++;
      }
    }
  } catch (error) {
    kitFail(error);
    throw error;
  }
  return loaded;
}

/** The PDF font provider for recipes with Arabic faces: a family with an
 *  arabic subset gets its arabic file when its pages set Arabic letters
 *  (`request.codePoints`), then its latin file, and its latin-ext file for
 *  the letters beyond latin (transliteration: ā ḥ ʿ), each marked with its
 *  unicode-range and its place in the order the screen added them (latin
 *  and latin-ext by loadFonts, then arabic): the arabic file also has a
 *  space and brackets, which the browser takes from latin, the file whose
 *  range holds them, and postext-pdf follows it. Any other family goes to
 *  fontsourceProvider (the "pdf" block). */
async function arabicPdfProvider(family, weight, style, request) {
  if (!(await isArabicFamily(family))) return fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style, request);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const weights = meta.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const s = style === 'italic' && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const wanted = [...(request?.codePoints ?? [])];
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const subsets = !wanted.length || wanted.some(inArabicRange) ? ['arabic', 'latin'] : ['latin'];
  if (meta.subsets.includes('latin-ext') && wanted.some((cp) => /[Ā-˿Ḁ-ỿ]/u.test(String.fromCodePoint(cp)))) {
    subsets.push('latin-ext');
  }
  const at = await fontsourceAt(id);
  return Promise.all(subsets.map(async (subset) => {
    const url = `${at}files/${id}-${subset}-${w}-${s}.woff2`;
    const res = await fetch(url);
    if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource file ${url} (${res.status})`);
    const bytes = await decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer()));
    return Object.assign(bytes, { unicodeRange: subset === 'arabic' ? arabicRange() : kitRanges()[subset],
      order: ['latin', 'latin-ext', 'greek', 'arabic'].indexOf(subset) });
  }));
}

// ─── Kit · comics v2 ── comic pages · postext.dev/cookbook
// The engine letters a comic in a face per language (defaultComicFont:
// Comic Neue, Zen Antique for Japanese, Noto Sans SC, LXGW WenKai TC,
// Playpen Sans Arabic; defaultComicSfxFont: Bangers, Dela Gothic One,
// ZCOOL KuaiLe, Lalezar) and asks for the bold of a shout or a sound effect
// and the italic of an inner voice. Most of these faces ship one weight and
// no italic: this block declares the file Fontsource does ship for those
// variants, so the canvas measures and paints the letters the PDF embeds
// (the providers snap to the shipped file) and not a bold or a slant the
// browser makes up. It also turns the art manifest into panel resources.

/** faces = { 'Comic Neue': ['400', '700'], Bangers: ['400'] }, as for
 *  loadFonts, after it (and after loadCjkFonts or loadArabicFonts for the
 *  faces of those scripts); the whole FONTS object may be passed. List in
 *  FONTS only what Fontsource ships (Bangers: ['400']): loadFonts fails on
 *  the rest. For each family, the regular, bold, italic and bold italic it
 *  lacks are declared with its nearest file (the regular for the bold, the
 *  upright for the italic) and loaded for `text`. A CJK face needs the cjk
 *  block; an Arabic face setting Arabic, the arabic block. Resolves to the
 *  number of variants added. */
async function loadComicFonts(faces, text = '') {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  let added = 0;
  try {
    for (const family of Object.keys(faces)) {
      const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
      if (!meta) throw new Error(`api.fontsource.org did not describe ${family}: reload to try again`);
      const weights = meta.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
      const styles = meta.styles?.length ? meta.styles : ['normal'];
      for (const [weight, style] of [[400, 'normal'], [700, 'normal'], [400, 'italic'], [700, 'italic']]) {
        if ((weights.includes(weight) && styles.includes(style)) || hasFace(family, weight, style)) continue;
        const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
        const s = style === 'italic' && styles.includes('italic') ? 'italic' : 'normal';
        for (const { url, range } of await comicFaceFiles(family, w, s, meta, text)) {
          document.fonts.add(new FontFace(family, `url(${url}) format('woff2')`,
            { weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: range }));
        }
        await document.fonts.load(`${style === 'italic' ? 'italic ' : ''}${weight} 16px "${family}"`, text || 'A');
        added++;
      }
    }
  } catch (error) {
    kitFail(error);
    throw error;
  }
  return added;
}

/** The files of a shipped face ({ url, range }): a CJK face's slices (the
 *  cjk block reads them from its stylesheet), else latin, the latin-ext
 *  and greek files `text` needs, and the arabic file when `text` holds
 *  Arabic. */
async function comicFaceFiles(family, weight, style, meta, text) {
  if (meta.subsets?.some((subset) => /^(chinese|japanese|korean)/.test(subset))) {
    if (typeof cjkSlices !== 'function') throw new Error(`${family} is a CJK face: list the cjk kit block`);
    return (await cjkSlices(family, weight, style)).map(({ url, range }) => ({ url, range }));
  }
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const at = await fontsourceAt(id);
  const file = (subset) => `${at}files/${id}-${subset}-${weight}-${style}.woff2`;
  const files = ['latin', ...kitSubsetsFor(text, meta)].map((subset) => ({ url: file(subset), range: comicRange(subset) }));
  if (meta.subsets?.includes('arabic') && /\p{Script=Arabic}/u.test(text)) {
    if (typeof arabicRange !== 'function') throw new Error(`${family} sets Arabic: list the arabic kit block`);
    files.unshift({ url: file('arabic'), range: arabicRange() });
  }
  return files;
}

/** The unicode-range loadFonts gives a Fontsource file. A function, not a
 *  const: the kit is inlined after the recipe's top-level awaits. */
function comicRange(subset) {
  return {
    latin: 'U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,'
      + 'U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD',
    'latin-ext': 'U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,'
      + 'U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF',
    greek: 'U+0370-03FF',
  }[subset];
}

/** The PDF font provider of a comic in any script: a CJK face goes to
 *  cjkPdfProvider, an Arabic face to arabicPdfProvider, any other to
 *  fontsourceProvider (the "pdf" block). Each embeds the shipped weight
 *  and style nearest to the one asked for, the file loadComicFonts
 *  declared for the canvas. */
async function comicPdfProvider(family, weight, style, request) {
  const subsets = (await fontsourceMeta(family))?.subsets ?? [];
  if (subsets.some((subset) => /^(chinese|japanese|korean)/.test(subset))) {
    if (typeof cjkPdfProvider !== 'function') throw new Error(`${family} is a CJK face: list the cjk kit block`);
    return cjkPdfProvider(family, weight, style, request);
  }
  if (subsets.includes('arabic') && typeof arabicPdfProvider === 'function') {
    return arabicPdfProvider(family, weight, style, request);
  }
  return fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style, request);
}

/** A panel picture as a resource for art= (and pop=): loads `url`
 *  (write asset('lh-arrive.jpg') in the call, so the lint checks the file)
 *  and declares it with `meta`, its entry in the art manifest:
 *  { width, height, alt, safeArea, anchors, avoid, faces }. The safe area
 *  is what every crop keeps, the anchors the speakers' mouths, heads and
 *  faces, the avoid zones what no balloon covers unless a panel has no
 *  other room, and `faces` the faces of the people who do not speak, which
 *  no balloon ever covers; all in fractions of the picture, the same in
 *  every language. Without width and height, the picture's own size. Needs
 *  the images block. Resolves to the resource. */
async function comicPanel(id, url, meta = {}) {
  const fileId = decodeURIComponent(url.split('/').pop());
  await loadImage(fileId, url);
  let { width, height } = meta;
  if (!width || !height) {
    const bitmap = await createImageBitmap(new Blob([imageBytes(fileId)]));
    ({ width, height } = bitmap);
    bitmap.close();
  }
  return {
    id, typeId: meta.typeId ?? 'figure', kind: 'bitmap', createdAt: 0, updatedAt: 0,
    bitmap: { fileId, format: /\.png$/i.test(fileId) ? 'png' : 'jpeg', width, height },
    ...(meta.alt && { altText: meta.alt }),
    ...(meta.safeArea && { safeArea: meta.safeArea }),
    ...(meta.anchors?.length && { anchors: meta.anchors }),
    ...(meta.avoid?.length && { avoid: meta.avoid }),
    ...(meta.faces?.length && { faces: meta.faces }),
  };
}

// ─── /Kit ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

Lo script.js composto funziona così com’è: incollalo nello script modulo di qualsiasi pagina, oppure apri la ricetta su CodePen. Cartella della ricetta su GitHub ↗ (si apre in una nuova scheda)

Varianti

#Letterare in maiuscolo, come un fumetto americano

Imposta il lettering in maiuscolo; narrazione e dialoghi seguono, e le scritture senza maiuscole (cinese, giapponese, arabo) restano come sono.

-    color: col('ink'), textTransform: 'none' }, // European letterers write in mixed case
+    color: col('ink'), textTransform: 'uppercase' },

Errori frequenti

Il corpo del lettering è uno solo per tutto il libro: una traduzione più lunga ingrandisce i suoi balloon e li sposta, non rimpicciolisce mai il testo. Controlla le pagine catalana e araba dopo una modifica alla suddivisione. Le colonne giapponesi sono alte per queste vignette basse: tre righe di content.ja.md portano un fermo at= che le tiene lontane da Paco e dalle arance di cui parla l’ultima vignetta.
Il testo alternativo di ogni vignetta sta nel manifesto dei disegni in dieci lingue, scelto con t({ … }); una lingua che manca dall’elenco legge la prima. ::panel{alt="…"} in un file di contenuto lo sostituisce per una vignetta.

Crediti

Ricetta: Ignacio Ferro
Testo: Las naranjas de Carmen (Carmen's Oranges), a one-page comic written for this recipe, in six languages · Postext Cookbook · CC BY 4.0
Immagini: A sunny Sunday in Madrid: an iron-and-glass market hall on a plaza with shoppers and pigeons. · Generated With Diffusion Models · originale
Inside the market, Lola pulls her grandfather Paco by the hand, pointing ahead between the stalls. · Generated With Diffusion Models · originale
Lola gazes up at a towering pyramid of oranges while Carmen, the fruit seller, polishes an orange. · Generated With Diffusion Models · originale
Lola reaches for an orange at the bottom of the pile; Paco, alarmed, raises a hand to stop her. · Generated With Diffusion Models · originale
The orange pyramid collapses: oranges roll everywhere, Paco's beret flies off, Carmen throws up her hands, pigeons scatter. · Generated With Diffusion Models · originale
Lola, Paco and Carmen kneel to gather the oranges into the beret and the apron, laughing; a pigeon pecks one. · Generated With Diffusion Models · originale
On a park bench, Lola and Paco peel oranges and laugh; a pigeon sits on Paco's beret. · Generated With Diffusion Models · originale
Font: Patrick Hand (SIL OFL 1.1) · Bangers (SIL OFL 1.1) · Noto Sans SC (SIL OFL 1.1) · ZCOOL KuaiLe (SIL OFL 1.1) · Zen Antique (SIL OFL 1.1) · Dela Gothic One (SIL OFL 1.1) · Playpen Sans Arabic (SIL OFL 1.1) · Lalezar (SIL OFL 1.1)
Codice: MIT, come Postext

Modifica questo testo ↗ (si apre in una nuova scheda)Cartella della ricetta su GitHub ↗ (si apre in una nuova scheda)

In breve

#Che cosa comporrai

#La risposta breve

#Ingredienti

#Preparazione

#1 · L’aspetto dell’album è una configurazione comics

#2 · I disegni portano con sé i personaggi

#3 · Una pagina del titolo di fronte alla storia

#La ricetta completa

#Varianti

#Letterare in maiuscolo, come un fumetto americano

#Errori frequenti

#Crediti

Altro dal Ricettario

Ogni tipo di nuvoletta in una pagina col faro

Una tavola a fumetti su una doppia pagina

Le stesse vignette, tre suddivisioni della pagina