訓点付きの漢文と書き下し文

// ═══ Postext Cookbook · Nº 122 · Kanbun with its reading marks, and the Japanese reading ═══
// https://postext.dev/en/cookbook/kanbun-kundoku
// Code: MIT · Text: 論語, 孟浩然「春暁」 (public domain); kunten and readings CC BY 4.0
// Fonts: Zen Old Mincho, Klee One, Noto Sans JP (SIL OFL 1.1) · Needs postext ≥ 1.16.1
import {
  buildDocument, renderPageToCanvas, clearMeasurementCache, loadVerticalAlternates,
} from 'https://esm.sh/postext';
import { renderToPdf, decompressWoff2 } from 'https://esm.sh/postext-pdf';

const LANG = 'en'; // @lang: the language of the colophon; the page is Japanese in both
const RECIPE = 'kanbun-kundoku';

// ─── 1 · Design ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// #region palette: ink, the vermilion of hand-written kunten, a school-book paper
const palette = {
  ink: '#1e1c1a', // the text
  vermilion: '#c0392b', // 朱: the reading marks, as a reader adds them by hand
  muted: '#6a635c', // the headings' labels, the folios
  paper: '#fcfbf7',
};
const col = (id) => ({ hex: palette[id], model: 'hex', paletteId: id });
const colorPalette = [
  ...Object.entries(palette).map(([id, hex]) => ({ id, name: id, value: { hex, model: 'hex' } })),
  { id: 'main-color', name: 'defaults', value: { hex: palette.vermilion, model: 'hex' } },
];
// #endregion
const [MINCHO, KYOKASHO, GOTHIC] = ['Zen Old Mincho', 'Klee One', 'Noto Sans JP'];
const [BODY, LEAD, CHARS, LINES] = [10.5, 21, 36, 16]; // pt, pt: 36字 × 16行, a 2 em pitch
const KANBUN = 15; // pt: the classical text, set larger on two lines of the grid

// #region answer: kanbun with 返り点 and 送り仮名, its yomikudashi beside it in furigana
// :kunten[習]{kaeri="レ" okuri="フ"} sets the return mark small at the character's lower
// left and the okurigana at its lower right, down the line; the text keeps its Chinese
// order, which the reader follows by the marks. cjk.kunten sizes and colours them: half
// the character, in vermilion. The Japanese reading under each passage is plain kana and
// kanji with furigana: {君子|くん|し} gives each character its reading (jukugo ruby).
const cjk = {
  grid: { enabled: true, charsPerLine: CHARS, linesPerPage: LINES },
  kunten: { fontSize: em(0.5), color: col('vermilion'), placement: 'inline' },
};
const paragraphStyles = [
  // The text: 15 pt on a pitch of two grid lines, room for the okurigana beside it. A
  // quatrain takes two lines, a couplet to the line with a space between its verses.
  { id: 'kanbun', fontFamily: MINCHO, fontSize: pt(KANBUN), lineHeight: pt(2 * LEAD),
    firstLineIndent: em(0), textAlign: 'justify' },
  { id: 'shi', fontFamily: MINCHO, fontSize: pt(KANBUN), lineHeight: pt(2 * LEAD),
    indent: em(2), firstLineIndent: em(0), marginTop: pt(0), marginBottom: pt(0) },
  // The reading (書き下し文), two characters down in a school-book hand.
  { id: 'kudashi', indent: em(2), firstLineIndent: em(0), marginTop: pt(LEAD) },
  { id: 'kudashi-shi', indent: em(4), firstLineIndent: em(0), marginTop: pt(0),
    marginBottom: pt(0) },
];
// #endregion

// #region headings: each part opens a page; each passage under a two-line label
const at = (down, across) => ({ anchor: { to: 'container', edge: 'top-left' },
  offset: { x: pt(down), y: pt(across) } });
const TITLE = 26; // pt
// gotcha: headings-drop-h1-break
const part = { level: 1, breakBefore: { enabled: true, parity: 'any' },
  advancedDesign: { enabled: true, minHeight: pt(5 * LEAD), slot: { elements: [
    { kind: 'text', id: 'title', content: '{titleText}', fontFamily: MINCHO, fontWeight: 700,
      fontSize: pt(TITLE), lineHeight: 1, letterSpacing: pt(TITLE / 2), color: col('ink'),
      placement: at(2 * BODY, 2 * LEAD - TITLE / 2) },
    { kind: 'text', id: 'kicker', content: '{attr.kicker}', fontFamily: GOTHIC, fontSize: pt(8.5),
      letterSpacing: pt(2), color: col('vermilion'), placement: at(2 * BODY + 3 * TITLE + 18,
        2 * LEAD - 8.5 / 2) },
  ] } } };
// 2行取り, the passage's book and number in gothic, two characters down.
const passage = { level: 2, fontFamily: GOTHIC, fontWeight: 700, fontSize: pt(9.5),
  color: col('muted'), lineSpan: 2, indent: em(2) };
// #endregion

const foreEdge = (id, content, edge, y, pages) => ({ kind: 'text', id, content, pages,
  writingMode: 'vertical-rl', fontFamily: GOTHIC, fontSize: pt(7.5), letterSpacing: pt(1),
  color: col('muted'), placement: { anchor: { to: 'outer', edge }, offset: { y: em(y) } } });
const header = { elements: [
  foreEdge('hashira', '{title}　{chapterTitle}', 'top', 3, 'body'),
  foreEdge('folio', '{pageNumber}', 'bottom', -3, 'all'),
] };
// The first part's opening page carries the colophon across the foot.
const first = { id: 'first', footer: { elements: [{ kind: 'text', id: 'colophon',
  content: '{attr.colophon}', pages: 'opener', fontFamily: GOTHIC, fontSize: pt(5.5),
  lineHeight: 1.45, color: col('muted'), overflow: 'wrap', align: 'center',
  placement: { anchor: { to: 'page', edge: 'bottom' }, offset: { y: mm(-7) },
    size: { width: mm(118) } } }] } };

const config = () => ({ // a factory: the engine caches resolved configs per object
  locale: 'ja', // written out, never LANG (gotcha: ja-locale-tag)
  colorPalette,
  page: {
    sizePreset: 'custom', width: mm(148), height: mm(210), dpi: 150, // A5
    backgroundColor: col('paper'),
    margins: { top: mm(40), bottom: mm(32), left: mm(13), right: mm(16), mirror: true },
    pageNumbering: { format: 'japanese-informal' },
  },
  layout: { layoutType: 'single', writingMode: 'vertical-rl' },
  cjk,
  bodyText: {
    fontFamily: KYOKASHO, fontSize: pt(BODY), lineHeight: pt(LEAD), color: col('ink'),
    boldColor: col('ink'), italicColor: col('ink'), referenceColor: col('ink'),
    textAlign: 'justify', firstLineIndent: em(1), indentAfterHeading: true,
  },
  headings: { fontFamily: MINCHO, color: col('ink'), levels: [part, passage],
    balancing: { enabled: false } }, // gotcha: cjk-grid-balancing
  headingStyles: [first],
  paragraphStyles,
  header,
  footer: { elements: [] },
});

// ─── 2 · Content ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const markdown = String.raw`---
Markdownの見本 · 50行 · content.en.md
title: "漢文訓読"
---

# 論語 {style="first" kicker="学而・為政より" colophon="Confucius, 論語 (the Analects), three sayings from the books 學而 and 爲政; Meng Haoran, 春曉 (Spring Dawn). Kunten and reading after the usual school reading, set for this recipe. Set in Zen Old Mincho, Klee One and Noto Sans JP (SIL OFL)."}

## 学而第一

:::paragraphs{style="kanbun"}
子:kunten[曰]{okuri="ハク"}、:kunten[学]{okuri="ビテ"}而:kunten[時]{okuri="ニ"}:kunten[習]{kaeri="レ" okuri="フ"}:kunten[之]{okuri="ヲ"}、:kunten[不]{kaeri="二"}:kunten[亦]{okuri="タ"}:kunten[説]{kaeri="一" okuri="バシカラ"}乎。:kunten[有]{kaeri="レ" okuri="リ"}朋:kunten[自]{kaeri="二" okuri="リ"}遠:kunten[方]{kaeri="一"}:kunten[来]{okuri="タル"}、:kunten[不]{kaeri="二"}:kunten[亦]{okuri="タ"}:kunten[楽]{kaeri="一" okuri="シカラ"}乎。人:kunten[不]{kaeri="レ" okuri="シテ"}:kunten[知]{okuri="ラ"}而:kunten[不]{kaeri="レ"}:kunten[慍]{okuri="ミ"}、:kunten[不]{kaeri="二"}:kunten[亦]{okuri="タ"}君:kunten[子]{kaeri="一" okuri="ナラ"}乎。
:::

:::paragraphs{style="kudashi"}
子{曰|い}はく、{学|まな}びて時に{之|これ}を習ふ、{亦|ま}た{説|よろこ}ばしからずや。{朋|とも}有り{遠方|えん|ぽう}より来たる、{亦|ま}た楽しからずや。人知らずして{慍|うら}みず、{亦|ま}た{君子|くん|し}ならずや。
:::

## 学而第三

:::paragraphs{style="kanbun"}
子:kunten[曰]{okuri="ハク"}、巧言令色、:kunten[鮮]{okuri="ナシ"}矣仁。
:::

:::paragraphs{style="kudashi"}
子{曰|い}はく、{巧言令色|こう|げん|れい|しょく}、{鮮|すく}なし{仁|じん}。
:::

## 為政第十一

:::paragraphs{style="kanbun"}
子:kunten[曰]{okuri="ハク"}、:kunten[温]{kaeri="レ" okuri="メテ"}:kunten[故]{okuri="キヲ"}而:kunten[知]{kaeri="レ" okuri="レバ"}:kunten[新]{okuri="シキヲ"}、:kunten[可]{kaeri="二" okuri="シ"}:kunten[以]{okuri="テ"}:kunten[為]{kaeri="一レ" okuri="ル"}:kunten[師]{okuri="ト"}矣。
:::

:::paragraphs{style="kudashi"}
子{曰|い}はく、{故|ふる}きを{温|あたた}めて新しきを知れば、{以|もっ}て師と{為|な}るべし。
:::

# 唐詩

## 春暁　孟浩然

:::paragraphs{style="shi"}
春眠:kunten[不]{kaeri="レ"}:kunten[覚]{kaeri="レ" okuri="エ"}:kunten[暁]{okuri="ヲ"}　処処:kunten[聞]{kaeri="二" okuri="ク"}啼:kunten[鳥]{kaeri="一" okuri="ヲ"}

夜来風:kunten[雨]{okuri="ノ"}声　花:kunten[落]{okuri="ツルコト"}:kunten[知]{okuri="ル"}多少
:::

:::paragraphs{style="kudashi-shi"}
{春眠|しゅん|みん}{暁|あかつき}を{覚|おぼ}えず　{処処|しょ|しょ}{啼鳥|てい|ちょう}を聞く

{夜来|や|らい}{風雨|ふう|う}の声　花落つること知る{多少|た|しょう}
:::
`; // content.<lang>.md: the same Japanese text in both

// ─── 3 · Fonts ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const FONTS = {
  'Zen Old Mincho': ['400', '700'], // the classical text and its marks; the part titles
  'Klee One': ['400'], // the reading, in a school-book hand
  'Noto Sans JP': ['400', '700'], // labels, the hashira and folios, the colophon
};

// ─── 4 · Build & show ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// #region voices: each face loads the files that hold the characters it sets
const FENCE = /:::paragraphs\{style="([\w-]+)"\}\n([\s\S]*?)\n:::/g;
const fence = (style) => [...markdown.matchAll(FENCE)].filter((m) => m[1] === style)
  .map((m) => m[2]).join('');
const kanbun = `${fence('kanbun')}${fence('shi')}`; // the text and its marks' kana
const reading = `${fence('kudashi')}${fence('kudashi-shi')}`;
const heads = markdown.match(/^#+ [^{\n]*/gm).join('');
const colophon = markdown.match(/colophon="([^"]*)"/)[1];
await loadFonts(FONTS, markdown); // the Latin files: the colophon
await loadCjkFonts({ [MINCHO]: ['400'] }, kanbun, { vertical: true });
await loadCjkFonts({ [MINCHO]: ['700'] }, heads);
await loadCjkFonts({ [KYOKASHO]: ['400'] }, reading, { vertical: true });
await loadCjkFonts({ [GOTHIC]: ['400', '700'] },
  `${heads}${colophon}${markdown.match(/kicker="([^"]*)"/)[1]}漢文訓読一二三四五六七八九十`,
  { vertical: true });
// #endregion
const doc = await buildWithFonts(() => buildDocument({ markdown }, config()), markdown);
showBook(doc, { title: t({ en: 'Kanbun with its reading marks, and the Japanese reading',
  es: 'Kanbun con sus marcas de lectura y la lectura japonesa' }) });
offerPdf(() => renderToPdf(doc, { fontProvider: cjkPdfProvider }), `${RECIPE}.pdf`);

キット · core, fonts, viewer, pdf, cjk：全レシピ共通 · 453行
// ─── Kit ── helpers shared by every Cookbook recipe · postext.dev/cookbook ─────

// ─── Kit · core v1 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook ─────────
function mm(value) { return { value, unit: 'mm' }; }
function pt(value) { return { value, unit: 'pt' }; }
function em(value) { return { value, unit: 'em' }; }
/** The sample language's string: t({ en: 'Figure', es: 'Figura' }). */
function t(strings) { return strings[LANG] ?? Object.values(strings)[0]; }
/** A file in this recipe's assets folder, served from the Postext repo by jsDelivr. */
function asset(file) { return `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/drnachio/postext@main/cookbook/${RECIPE}/assets/${file}`; }

// ─── Kit · fonts v1 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook ────────
// Postext measures text with the faces the browser has loaded, and caches the
// widths, so every face must be ready before the first build. Faces come from
// Fontsource: the same static files the PDF embeds, so screen and PDF agree.

/** faces = { 'Family Name': ['400', '400i', '700'] }. `text` is the sample:
 *  letters beyond Latin-1 (č, ł, ő…) also load the latin-ext files. With
 *  `optional`, a face Fontsource does not ship is skipped instead of failing.
 *  Resolves to the number of faces added. */
async function loadFonts(faces, text = '', { optional = false } = {}) {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  const ranges = {
    latin: 'U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,'
      + 'U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD',
    'latin-ext': 'U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,'
      + 'U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF',
  };
  const subsets = /[Ā-˿Ḁ-ỿ]/.test(text) ? ['latin', 'latin-ext'] : ['latin'];
  const jobs = [];
  let added = 0;
  for (const [family, specs] of Object.entries(faces)) {
    const id = fontsourceId(family);
    const meta = optional ? await fontsourceMeta(family) : null;
    for (const spec of new Set(specs)) {
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      const style = spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal';
      if (hasFace(family, weight, style)) continue;
      if (optional && !(meta?.weights.includes(weight) && meta.styles.includes(style))) continue;
      for (const subset of subsets) {
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        const face = new FontFace(family, `url(${url}) format('woff2')`,
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        jobs.push(face.load().then((ready) => { document.fonts.add(ready); added++; }, () => {
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        }));
      }
    }
  }
  await Promise.all(jobs).catch((error) => { kitFail(error); throw error; });
  return added;
}

/** Runs `build` (a buildDocument or buildBundle call) and checks the faces
 *  the pages use. A regular face missing from FONTS is loaded with a warning;
 *  bold and italic variants are loaded when the family ships them. Then the
 *  measurement caches are cleared and the build runs again. */
async function buildWithFonts(build, text = '') {
  const tried = new Set();
  for (let round = 0; round < 3; round++) {
    kitStatus('Laying out…');
    await new Promise(requestAnimationFrame);          // let the status paint first
    const result = await Promise.resolve().then(build).catch((error) => { kitFail(error); throw error; });
    const wanted = { base: {}, variants: {} };
    for (const { font, base } of [result].flat().flatMap(fontStringsOf)) {
      const { family, weight, style } = parseFont(font);
      const key = `${family}|${weight}|${style}`;
      if (tried.has(key) || hasFace(family, weight, style)) continue;
      tried.add(key);
      (wanted[base ? 'base' : 'variants'][family] ??= []).push(`${weight}${style === 'italic' ? 'i' : ''}`);
    }
    if (Object.keys(wanted.base).length) {
      console.warn(`[cookbook] FONTS does not list ${JSON.stringify(wanted.base)}: loading them.`);
    }
    const added = await loadFonts(wanted.base, text) + await loadFonts(wanted.variants, text, { optional: true });
    if (added === 0) return result;
    clearMeasurementCache();
  }
  throw new Error('The fonts did not settle after three builds.');
}

/** Every font string of the layout. `base` marks a block's own face; its
 *  bold, italic and bold-italic variants are listed whether or not used. */
function fontStringsOf(doc) {
  const found = new Map();
  const walk = (node) => {
    if (!node || typeof node !== 'object') return;
    if (Array.isArray(node)) { node.forEach(walk); return; }
    for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(node)) {
      if (typeof value === 'string' && /fontString$/i.test(key)) {
        found.set(value, found.get(value) || key === 'fontString');
      } else if (value && typeof value === 'object') walk(value);
    }
  };
  walk(doc.pages);
  walk(doc.blocks);
  return [...found].map(([font, base]) => ({ font, base }));
}

/** '700 37.5px Open Sans' / 'italic 400 13px "Source Serif 4"' → { family, weight, style }.
 *  A string with no weight ('95.8px Young Serif', from a design text) is 400. */
function parseFont(font) {
  const m = /^(?:(italic|oblique)\s+)?(?:small-caps\s+)?(?:(\d+|bold|normal)\s+)?[\d.]+px\s+(.+)$/.exec(font.trim());
  if (!m) throw new Error(`Unexpected font string: ${font}`);
  const weight = m[2] === 'bold' ? 700 : !m[2] || m[2] === 'normal' ? 400 : Number(m[2]);
  return { family: m[3].replace(/^["']|["']$/g, ''), weight, style: m[1] ? 'italic' : 'normal' };
}

/** True when a loaded FontFace covers exactly this family, weight and style
 *  (document.fonts.check() is also true for families nobody declared). */
function hasFace(family, weight, style) {
  for (const face of document.fonts) {
    if (face.status !== 'loaded' || face.style !== style) continue;
    if (face.family.replace(/^["']|["']$/g, '') !== family) continue;
    const [low, high = low] = face.weight.split(' ').map(Number);
    if (weight >= low && weight <= high) return true;
  }
  return false;
}

/** Fontsource's id for a family: 'Source Serif 4' → 'source-serif-4'. */
function fontsourceId(family) { return family.toLowerCase().replace(/\s+/g, '-'); }

/** The weights and styles a family ships ({ weights: [400, 700], styles: ['normal', 'italic'] }), or null. */
function fontsourceMeta(family) {
  fontsourceMeta.cache ??= new Map();
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  if (!fontsourceMeta.cache.has(id)) {
    fontsourceMeta.cache.set(id, fetch(`https://api.fontsource.org/v1/fonts/${id}`)
      .then((res) => (res.ok ? res.json() : null), () => null));
  }
  return fontsourceMeta.cache.get(id);
}

// ─── Kit · viewer v1 ── the same in every recipe · postext.dev/cookbook ───────
/** Shows the pages as facing spreads on a dark desk: the first page is a
 *  recto on its own, then verso | recto pairs, as in a bound book. Pages
 *  are painted when they scroll near the screen. */
function showPages(docs, { title, width = 460 } = {}) {
  const root = viewer(title);
  const pages = [docs].flat().flatMap((doc) =>
    doc.pages.map((page) => ({ doc, page, n: (doc.pageIndexOffset ?? 0) + page.index })));
  const spreads = [];
  let verso = null;
  for (const p of pages) {
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    else { spreads.push([verso, p]); verso = null; }
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  const density = Math.min(window.devicePixelRatio || 1, 2);
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    return spread;
  }));
  kitStatus(`${pages.length} ${pages.length === 1 ? 'page' : 'pages'}`);
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}

/** The desk, the bar and the error reporting, created once. */
function viewer(title) {
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        .pt-spread figure { width: min(460px, 92vw); }
        .pt-blank { display: none; }
      }
    </style>`);
    document.body.insertAdjacentHTML('afterbegin',
      '<header id="pt-bar"><strong id="pt-title"></strong><span id="pt-status" role="status"></span><span id="pt-actions"></span></header>');
    document.getElementById('pt-title').textContent = document.title || 'Postext';
    addEventListener('error', (event) => kitFail(event.error ?? event.message));
    addEventListener('unhandledrejection', (event) => kitFail(event.reason));
  }
  if (title) document.getElementById('pt-title').textContent = title;
  return document.getElementById('pages')
    ?? document.body.appendChild(Object.assign(document.createElement('main'), { id: 'pages' }));
}

function kitStatus(text) {
  viewer();
  document.getElementById('pt-status').textContent = text;
}

function kitFail(error) {
  document.documentElement.dataset.postext = 'error';
  kitStatus(`Error: ${error?.message ?? error}`);
}

// ─── Kit · pdf v1 ── the same in every recipe that exports a PDF ──────────────
/** postext-pdf embeds TrueType bytes. Fetch the Fontsource file the screen
 *  used, snapping to a weight the family ships and falling back to upright
 *  when it has no italic: the PDF asks for every face a block could use. */
async function fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style) {
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const weights = meta?.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const s = style === 'italic' && meta && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const res = await fetch(`https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fontsource/${id}@5/files/${id}-latin-${w}-${s}.woff2`);
  if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${w} ${s} (${res.status})`);
  return decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer()));
}

/** A "Build the PDF" button in the bar. Once built: "Open the PDF" (a new
 *  tab, since CodePen's preview frame cannot show PDFs) and a download link. */
function offerPdf(makePdf, filename) {
  viewer();
  const button = Object.assign(document.createElement('button'), { type: 'button', textContent: 'Build the PDF' });
  button.dataset.postextPdf = filename;
  button.addEventListener('click', async () => {
    button.disabled = true;
    button.textContent = 'Building the PDF…';
    try {
      const bytes = await makePdf();
      const url = URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([bytes], { type: 'application/pdf' }));
      const size = `${Math.max(1, Math.round(bytes.length / 1024))} KB`;
      button.replaceWith(
        Object.assign(document.createElement('a'), { href: url, target: '_blank', rel: 'noopener', textContent: 'Open the PDF ↗' }),
        Object.assign(document.createElement('a'), { href: url, download: filename, textContent: `Download ${filename} · ${size}` }));
    } catch (error) {
      button.disabled = false;
      button.textContent = 'Build the PDF';
      kitFail(error);
    }
  });
  document.getElementById('pt-actions').append(button);
}

// ─── Kit · cjk v1 ── Chinese, Japanese and Korean books · postext.dev/cookbook ─
// Fontsource ships a CJK family as about a hundred files per weight, each
// declared in its stylesheet with the unicode-range it covers. The screen
// loads the files the sample touches; the PDF gets the same files for the
// characters its pages set in each face, and embeds each as a subset.
// A book bound on the right (vertical text) is shown with its spreads
// mirrored: page 1 alone on the left of the spine, then [3 | 2].

/** The files of a Fontsource face, read from its stylesheet: { url, range,
 *  ranges }, the last declared first (the order the browser tries them in). */
function cjkSlices(family, weight, style) {
  cjkSlices.cache ??= new Map();
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const css = `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fontsource/${id}@5/${weight}${style === 'italic' ? '-italic' : ''}.css`;
  if (!cjkSlices.cache.has(css)) {
    cjkSlices.cache.set(css, fetch(css)
      .then((res) => {
        if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource has no ${family} ${weight} ${style} (${res.status})`);
        return res.text();
      })
      .then((text) => [...text.matchAll(/@font-face\s*{([^}]*)}/g)].map(([, rule]) => {
        const range = /unicode-range:\s*([^;]+);/.exec(rule)?.[1].trim() ?? 'U+0-10FFFF';
        const ranges = range.split(',').map((part) => {
          const [lo, hi = lo] = part.trim().slice(2).split('-');
          return [parseInt(lo, 16), parseInt(hi, 16)];
        });
        return { url: new URL(/url\(([^)]+?\.woff2)\)/.exec(rule)[1], css).href, range, ranges };
      }).reverse()));
  }
  return cjkSlices.cache.get(css);
}

/** The file of `slices` that holds code point `cp`, if any. */
function cjkSliceFor(slices, cp) {
  return slices.find((slice) => slice.ranges.some(([lo, hi]) => cp >= lo && cp <= hi));
}

/** Whether Fontsource serves `family` as a Chinese, Japanese or Korean
 *  family (its subsets name the script). Fails when the API does not
 *  answer: a CJK face taken for a Latin one would paint in a system face. */
async function isCjkFamily(family) {
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  if (!meta) throw new Error(`api.fontsource.org did not describe ${family}: reload to try again`);
  return !!meta.subsets?.some((subset) => /^(chinese|japanese|korean)/.test(subset));
}

/** faces = { 'Noto Serif TC': ['400', '700'] }, as for loadFonts: the
 *  whole FONTS object may be passed, its other families are left to
 *  loadFonts. Adds one FontFace per file of each CJK face with its
 *  unicodeRange, then loads the files `text` touches. `text` is what the
 *  faces set: the sample for the text face; a book in several voices calls
 *  it once per voice (loadCjkFonts({ 'LXGW WenKai TC': ['400'] }, quotes)),
 *  so the heading and quotation faces fetch and check only their own
 *  characters. Fails when a character of `text` is in no file of a face.
 *  List every weight the pages use: a weight left to buildWithFonts gets
 *  the latin file only. With { vertical: true } it also loads each
 *  family's vertical forms (brackets, quotes, pause marks) for the canvas,
 *  which needs loadVerticalAlternates imported from postext. Resolves to
 *  the number of files loaded. */
async function loadCjkFonts(faces, text, { vertical = false } = {}) {
  kitStatus('Loading fonts…');
  let loaded = 0;
  try {
    if (vertical && typeof loadVerticalAlternates !== 'function') {
      throw new Error('loadCjkFonts(…, { vertical: true }) needs loadVerticalAlternates imported from postext');
    }
    for (const [family, specs] of Object.entries(faces)) {
      if (!(await isCjkFamily(family))) continue;
      const twin = [];
      for (const spec of new Set(specs)) {
        const weight = parseInt(spec, 10);
        const style = spec.endsWith('i') ? 'italic' : 'normal';
        const slices = await cjkSlices(family, weight, style);
        const missing = [...new Set(text)].filter((ch) => /\S/.test(ch) && !cjkSliceFor(slices, ch.codePointAt(0)));
        if (missing.length) {
          throw new Error(`${family} ${spec} has no file for ${missing.slice(0, 12).join(' ')}: `
            + `give each face the text it sets (loadCjkFonts({ '${family}': ['${spec}'] }, text))`);
        }
        for (const slice of slices) {
          document.fonts.add(new FontFace(family, `url(${slice.url}) format('woff2')`,
            { weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: slice.range }));
          twin.push({ source: slice.url, weight: String(weight), style, unicodeRange: slice.range });
        }
        const font = `${style === 'italic' ? 'italic ' : ''}${weight} 16px "${family}"`;
        loaded += (await document.fonts.load(font, text)).length;
        if (!document.fonts.check(font, text)) throw new Error(`${family} ${spec} did not load for the sample`);
      }
      // The same files under a twin name with the `vert` feature on: the
      // canvas paints the punctuation of vertical lines with it.
      if (vertical && twin.length) await loadVerticalAlternates(family, twin);
    }
  } catch (error) {
    kitFail(error);
    throw error;
  }
  return loaded;
}

/** The PDF font provider for recipes with CJK faces: a family whose
 *  Fontsource subsets are Chinese, Japanese or Korean gets the files that
 *  hold the characters its pages set (`request.codePoints`); any other
 *  family gets the latin file fontsourceProvider fetches (the "pdf" block)
 *  and, when the face sets letters only latin-ext has, that file too. */
async function cjkPdfProvider(family, weight, style, request) {
  if (!(await isCjkFamily(family))) return cjkLatinPdfFiles(family, weight, style, request);
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const weights = meta.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const s = style === 'italic' && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const slices = await cjkSlices(family, w, s);
  const picked = new Set();
  for (const cp of request?.codePoints ?? []) {
    const slice = cjkSliceFor(slices, cp);
    if (slice) picked.add(slice);
  }
  if (!picked.size) picked.add(slices[0]);
  return Promise.all(slices.filter((slice) => picked.has(slice)).map(async (slice) => {
    const res = await fetch(slice.url);
    if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Fontsource file ${slice.url} (${res.status})`);
    return decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer()));
  }));
}

/** A Latin family set next to the CJK faces: its latin file, then its
 *  latin-ext file when the face sets letters only latin-ext has (ō ū in
 *  Hepburn rōmaji, ǎ in pinyin), the file loadFonts adds on screen for
 *  them. Latin comes first: postext-pdf draws a character from the first
 *  file that has it, as the browser takes a character both files hold from
 *  latin. A face Fontsource ships without latin-ext, or whose file does
 *  not come, gets latin alone, and the PDF names the letters it lacks. */
async function cjkLatinPdfFiles(family, weight, style, request) {
  const meta = await fontsourceMeta(family);
  const beyond = [...(request?.codePoints ?? [])].some(cjkLatinExtOnly);
  if (!beyond || !meta?.subsets?.includes('latin-ext')) return fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style);
  const weights = meta.weights?.length ? meta.weights : [400, 700];
  const w = weights.reduce((a, b) => (Math.abs(b - weight) < Math.abs(a - weight) ? b : a));
  const s = style === 'italic' && !meta.styles.includes('italic') ? 'normal' : style;
  const id = fontsourceId(family);
  const url = `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fontsource/${id}@5/files/${id}-latin-ext-${w}-${s}.woff2`;
  const [latin, ext] = await Promise.all([fontsourceProvider(family, weight, style), fetch(url)
    .then(async (res) => (res.ok ? decompressWoff2(new Uint8Array(await res.arrayBuffer())) : null), () => null)]);
  return ext ? [latin, ext] : latin;
}

/** Whether code point `cp` is in Fontsource's latin-ext file and not in
 *  its latin file: Latin Extended-A and -B, IPA, the spacing modifiers and
 *  Latin Extended Additional (loadFonts's test for latin-ext), less the
 *  few latin holds too (ı Œ œ ʻ ʼ ˆ ˚ ˜). */
function cjkLatinExtOnly(cp) {
  if (!((cp >= 0x100 && cp <= 0x2ff) || (cp >= 0x1e00 && cp <= 0x1eff))) return false;
  return ![0x131, 0x152, 0x153, 0x2bb, 0x2bc, 0x2c6, 0x2da, 0x2dc].includes(cp);
}

/** showPages for a book bound on either edge. A right-bound book (the
 *  document says so: doc.binding is 'right' for page.binding 'right' and
 *  for vertical text) lies on the desk as it opens: page 1 alone on the
 *  left of the spine, then [3 | 2], the spine shade on each page's inner
 *  edge. `binding` ('left' | 'right') overrides the document's. */
function showBook(docs, { binding, ...options } = {}) {
  const count = showPages(docs, options);
  const right = (binding ?? [docs].flat()[0]?.binding) === 'right';
  if (!document.getElementById('pt-kit-cjk')) {
    // The pages keep direction ltr: a canvas draws text in the direction its
    // element inherits, and under rtl each run would end where the engine
    // starts it, its brackets mirrored.
    document.head.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', `<style id="pt-kit-cjk">
      .pt-spread[dir="rtl"] canvas { direction: ltr; }
      .pt-spread[dir="rtl"] figure:first-child canvas { box-shadow: inset 14px 0 14px -14px rgb(0 0 0 / .18),
        0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / .5), 0 22px 44px -16px rgb(0 0 0 / .8); }
    </style>`);
  }
  // Each pair stays [verso, recto] in the page; right to left, the verso
  // sits on the right. Phones stack the pages in reading order either way.
  for (const spread of document.querySelectorAll('#pages > .pt-spread')) spread.dir = right ? 'rtl' : 'ltr';
  document.getElementById('pages').dataset.binding = right ? 'right' : 'left';
  return count;
}

// ─── /Kit ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────